Greenhouse gases are chemicals like water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide that exist naturally in the atmosphere and trap heat. They are produced by both natural processes and human activities like industry and burning fossil fuels. Increased levels of greenhouse gases are causing climate change effects such as changes in weather patterns, rising sea levels, and shifts in land patterns. To mitigate these issues, humans need to reduce activities that produce greenhouse gases like burning fuels and deforestation, as well as transition to alternative energy sources.