Out of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, Goal-13 targets Climate Action, raising awareness on the everyday rise of global temperature along with increased Air Pollution, which in return becomes the leading cause of acid rains, and ways to tackle it. Also, it targets reducing annual plastic waste , deforestation, annual floods and to control industrialization.

2. GOAL-13
CLIMATE ACTION

3. Climate action means stepped up
efforts to reduce, strengthen and
adapt capacity to fight climate
induced effects.

4. Global warming
A long-term rise in the average
temperature of Earth’s climate system
due reasons such as increase in the
amount of greenhouse gases.

5. Causes
1. Due to carbon dioxide, air pollutants
and green house gases.
2. Burning of fossil fuels-2 billion tons of
carbon dioxide.
3. Transportation sector-1.7 billion tons
of carbon dioxide.

7. Impacts
Weather events like:
1. Deadly storms
2. Wild fires
3. Floods
4. Heat waves
5. Infectious outbreaks

8. Actions
• New ways to modernize
power plants
• Generate cleaner electricity
• Burn less gasoline while
driving

9. Carbon dioxide emissions in the US
decreased from 2004-2018 due to:
• New, Energy Efficient Technology
• Use of cleaner fuels

10. AIR POLLUTION
The presence of substances or particles that
imply danger or damage for humans, plants and
animals.

12. Impacts
It causes:
1. Droughts
2. Flooding
3. Deforestation
4. Extinction

13. • It causes 6 million deaths a year and a
quarter of lung cancer cases, heart
attacks and strokes representing 0.3% of
world GDP in health costs.

15. Actions
It includes:
1. More sustainable energy model
2. Renewable energy

16. Plastic waste
Plastics are made from fossil fuels like oil
and natural gas and drilling them puts
various greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere which ultimately leads to
global warming.
Moreover, every five ounces of
polyethylene(plastic) produces five
ounces of carbon dioxide.

17. Exactly who is going to clean that up?
And more importantly, how can we reach
zero emissions of disposable plastics?
That’s what the world leaders need to be
talking about now.

18. • Michelle Bachelet
Chief of UN Human Rights

19. • Plastic is the leading cause of air, water and land
pollution. Pakistan too, like every other country, is
its victim. About 8 million tons of plastics are
deliberately dumped into the oceans globally
which puts aquatic life at risk.

21. Action
Countries like Bangladesh, France and
Rwanda have banned the use of plastic at
every possible level. But Pakistan lags
behind in these initiatives and is probably
years away from a partial or complete ban
on the use of plastics.

23. Acid Rain
Form of precipitation with acidic
components, such as sulfuric or nitric acid.
It can also occur in the form of snow, fog,
hail and tiny bits of dry material that
settle to Earth.

24. Causes
The major sources of SO2 and NOX in the
atmosphere are:
1. Burning of fossil fuels to generate
electricity. Two thirds of SO2 and one
fourth of NOX in the atmosphere
come from electric power generators.
2. Vehicles and heavy equipment.
3. Manufacturing, oil refineries and
other industries.

25. Effects
1. Disturbs the entire ecological balance.
2. Deforestation
3. Decay of building materials and paints
4. Erodes statues, marble, limestone and
monuments.
5. Visibility Problems
6. Damages Lakes and Streams
7. Corrosion of metals & deterioration of
paint and stone
8. Affect the human lungs and cause
illnesses

26. Actions
 EPA’s Acid Rain Program
 Reducing Pollution
 Other Sources of Energy
 Conserving Resources
 Cleaner Cars
The only way to fight acid rain is by
curbing the release of the pollutants that
cause it. This means burning fewer fossil
fuels and setting air-quality standards.

27. Ozone Depletion
Ozone:
A region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs
most of the Sun's UV radiations.
The ozone layer acts as Earth's sunscreen
absorbing about 98% of damaging ultraviolet
radiations
Ozone Depletion:
Gradual thinning of Earth’s ozone layer

28. Causes
The primary culprit in ozone layer
breakdown is Chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs)
Other causes are:
 Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
 Chlorine Monoxide (ClO)

29. Effects
 On Humans
o Increased risk of developing skin cancer
o Snow blindness & Cataracts
o Weakens the response of the immune
system.
o Accelerated aging of skin
 On Amphibians
o Hampers growth and development in
larvae
o Causes deformities in some species
o Decreases immunity
 Disturbs and affects the entire ecosystem
 Disturbs Plant life-cycle

30. Actions
 The Montreal Protocol on Substances
that Deplete the Ozone Layer
 EPA’s SNAP Program
 Avoid the consumption of gases
dangerous to the ozone layer
 Plant more trees
 Raise Awareness

31. Flood
A flood is an overflow of water that submerges
land that is generally dry. Flooding may occur as
an overflow of water from water bodies, such as
a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water
overtops or breaks levees.

32. Causes
• Torrential Rainfall
• Global Sea Level
• Flood Risk Management Decisions

33. Effects
• Loses of lives-21 Million
affected
• Property Damage-Loss of
3 billion dollars
• Epidemic crop failure

34. Actions
• Reducing carbon emission
• Improving water related ecosystems
• Better drainage systems

35. Deforestation
Deforestation is the removal of a forest
or stand of trees from land which is then
converted to a non-forest use.
• 2nd leading cause of global warming
• Produce 24% of global greenhouse
gases

36. Causes
• Urbanization
• Cutting down tress
• Agriculture Plantation

37. Effects
• Water cycle problems
• Loses of Species
• Soil erosion

39. Actions
• Buy forest derived products
• Eat plant-based diet
• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• Plant new tress
In 2016 , Paris did a climatic agreement to
do measures against the deforestation
and its causes .

40. Industrialization
Industrialization challenges consist of:
• Higher temperatures
• Extreme weather conditions
• Changing human lifestyle
.

41. Causes
• Lack of policies to control
pollution
• Unplanned Industrial
Growth
• Paper & Plastic Waste
• Fossil Fuels

42. Actions
• Hydro Power Systems
• Automation
• Mass production
The United Nation has established a body ( IPCC ) that
made recommendation to lessen emission reduction.

43. Measures
• US-$6 billion investment annually in
disaster risk management
• To mobilize Us-$100 billion annually
• Focus on Adaption and Mitigation to
cope with climatic action .

44. Targets
1. Strengthen adaptive capacity
2. Integrating climatic measures into Policies
3. Educating people about adaptation
4. Implement UN framework
5. Raise capacity for climate planning

45. Conclusion
The solution to climatic change are also
the paths to a safer , cleaner and more
bright future for all . Now the choice is in
our hands that Whether we choose to
stand up for Earth by acting upon these
targets or not !