Cultural Study of Caliban From 'A Tempest' & 'The Tempest'Namrata Gohil
This document is a paper submitted by Gohil Namrata R. to S.B. Gardi of the Department of English at M.K. Bhavnagar University in Bhavnagar, India. The paper discusses postcolonial readings of Shakespeare's The Tempest, focusing on Caliban as a representation of native resistance to colonial rule, and how readings of Caliban have changed from being viewed as a powerless slave controlled by Prospero to one who uses magic and gains power and status. It also examines the concepts of native knowledge systems, black resistance, nativism, hybridity, abrogation, and appropriation in relation to Caliban and decolonization.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" from a post-colonial perspective. It discusses post-colonialism and its key concepts like hybridity. It summarizes Achebe's response to earlier European novels that depicted Africans negatively. It also analyzes how the novel portrays Igbo society in Nigeria and examines the effects of colonialism on their culture from a native perspective. The document evaluates how colonialism disrupted traditions but also eliminated some harmful cultural practices. It discusses the self-defining nature of the novel for post-colonial writers dealing with issues of cultural identity and hybridity.
This document summarizes and compares the novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. It notes that Things Fall Apart depicts the Igbo culture in Africa and the impact of colonialism from the perspective of a black man, portraying a more realistic image of Africa. In contrast, Heart of Darkness depicts Africa from the perspective of a white man and portrays a darker, more primitive image of Africa influenced by imperialism and racism. In conclusion, the document states that Achebe's portrayal of Africa in Things Fall Apart is more cultured and realistic compared to Conrad's darker, racist portrayal in Heart of Darkness.
2130_American Lit Module 2 _Modernist ManifestoLisa M. Russell
The document discusses modernist manifestos from several early 20th century authors. It provides excerpts from manifestos by F.T. Marinetti, Mina Loy, Ezra Pound, Willa Cather, William Carlos Williams, and Langston Hughes. The manifestos declare the authors' artistic convictions and independence, calling for breaking traditions and presenting art through suggestion rather than enumeration. Marinetti's manifesto glorifies war and destroying museums, while Loy calls for absolute demolition of traditional lies.
This document summarizes African American literature from 1970 to the present. It highlights the influential works in film, television, music, and visual art during this period produced by artists like James Earl Jones, Eddie Murphy, Denzel Washington, and Romare Beardon. It then focuses on prominent African American women writers like Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison, and Alice Walker who published influential novels in the 1970s that explored themes of racism, oppression, and family violence. The period also saw a resurgence of memoirs and performance poetry that drew from African American storytelling traditions. Oprah Winfrey's book club in the 1990s greatly expanded the audience for these writers.
During the period from 1865-1914, the United States underwent a transformation from a largely rural, agricultural nation to a more urban, industrialized one. This was driven by territorial expansion across North America and abroad, large-scale immigration from Europe, and rapid industrialization. Literature of the period largely took a realistic or naturalistic approach, reflecting new urban and industrial settings as well as social issues like wealth disparity. Realism aimed to present truthful depictions of life, while naturalism saw human actions as shaped by biological and environmental factors beyond one's control.
Cultural Study of Caliban From 'A Tempest' & 'The Tempest'Namrata Gohil
This document is a paper submitted by Gohil Namrata R. to S.B. Gardi of the Department of English at M.K. Bhavnagar University in Bhavnagar, India. The paper discusses postcolonial readings of Shakespeare's The Tempest, focusing on Caliban as a representation of native resistance to colonial rule, and how readings of Caliban have changed from being viewed as a powerless slave controlled by Prospero to one who uses magic and gains power and status. It also examines the concepts of native knowledge systems, black resistance, nativism, hybridity, abrogation, and appropriation in relation to Caliban and decolonization.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Chinua Achebe's novel "Things Fall Apart" from a post-colonial perspective. It discusses post-colonialism and its key concepts like hybridity. It summarizes Achebe's response to earlier European novels that depicted Africans negatively. It also analyzes how the novel portrays Igbo society in Nigeria and examines the effects of colonialism on their culture from a native perspective. The document evaluates how colonialism disrupted traditions but also eliminated some harmful cultural practices. It discusses the self-defining nature of the novel for post-colonial writers dealing with issues of cultural identity and hybridity.
This document summarizes and compares the novels Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. It notes that Things Fall Apart depicts the Igbo culture in Africa and the impact of colonialism from the perspective of a black man, portraying a more realistic image of Africa. In contrast, Heart of Darkness depicts Africa from the perspective of a white man and portrays a darker, more primitive image of Africa influenced by imperialism and racism. In conclusion, the document states that Achebe's portrayal of Africa in Things Fall Apart is more cultured and realistic compared to Conrad's darker, racist portrayal in Heart of Darkness.
2130_American Lit Module 2 _Modernist ManifestoLisa M. Russell
The document discusses modernist manifestos from several early 20th century authors. It provides excerpts from manifestos by F.T. Marinetti, Mina Loy, Ezra Pound, Willa Cather, William Carlos Williams, and Langston Hughes. The manifestos declare the authors' artistic convictions and independence, calling for breaking traditions and presenting art through suggestion rather than enumeration. Marinetti's manifesto glorifies war and destroying museums, while Loy calls for absolute demolition of traditional lies.
This document summarizes African American literature from 1970 to the present. It highlights the influential works in film, television, music, and visual art during this period produced by artists like James Earl Jones, Eddie Murphy, Denzel Washington, and Romare Beardon. It then focuses on prominent African American women writers like Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison, and Alice Walker who published influential novels in the 1970s that explored themes of racism, oppression, and family violence. The period also saw a resurgence of memoirs and performance poetry that drew from African American storytelling traditions. Oprah Winfrey's book club in the 1990s greatly expanded the audience for these writers.
During the period from 1865-1914, the United States underwent a transformation from a largely rural, agricultural nation to a more urban, industrialized one. This was driven by territorial expansion across North America and abroad, large-scale immigration from Europe, and rapid industrialization. Literature of the period largely took a realistic or naturalistic approach, reflecting new urban and industrial settings as well as social issues like wealth disparity. Realism aimed to present truthful depictions of life, while naturalism saw human actions as shaped by biological and environmental factors beyond one's control.
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher who wrote about the psychological impact of colonialism on black communities. In his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon used psychoanalysis to argue that colonial subjugation caused black people to develop feelings of dependency, inadequacy, and an inferiority complex when living in a white world. He believed this led to a divided self-perception and an urge to imitate white cultural codes in order to gain acceptance. The document discusses key concepts from the book like double consciousness and discourse, and how embracing the colonizer's language implied embracing their entire civilization and superior status.
Nimesh- Post colonial literature presentationDave Nimesh B
Frantz Fanon was a significant anti-colonial thinker from Martinique. In his book Black Skin, White Masks, he draws on his personal experiences with racism in France and Algeria to critically examine colonial politics and the psychology of racial oppression. Fanon explores how colonialism imposed rigid binaries of black and white identity, causing alienation. He analyzes the trauma of being viewed only through the white gaze and having to speak French to participate in colonial culture. Fanon's work was influential in developing theories of colonial inferiority complexes, resistance to cultural hegemony through language, and the dialectic relations of the colonizer and colonized.
The document provides an overview of the historical exclusion and marginalization of Native Americans in the United States. It discusses how Native Americans were displaced from their lands through broken treaties, forced relocation on the Trail of Tears, and the Dawes Act which cut Native American land holdings in half. Conflicts over land with European settlers and the U.S. government resulted in significant losses of Native American territory and culture through the 19th century. Boarding schools sought to assimilate Native youth by prohibiting indigenous language and culture. Literature from Zitkala-Sa and Sherman Alexie portray the mixing but also challenges of navigating between Native and white societies. The document raises questions about ongoing exclusion of Native Americans from the American Dream
This document provides information about authors and readings for Week 1. It introduces Benjamin Franklin, known for his many accomplishments including writing the Declaration of Independence and "The Way to Wealth" about achieving success through hard work. It also discusses Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" about a man who sleeps through the American Revolution and views the new society. Finally, it summarizes Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" which challenges Puritan beliefs and Willa Cather's "Neighbour Rosicky" about a Czech immigrant finding meaning through land ownership in Nebraska.
This document provides an overview of the authors and readings for Week 2. It introduces several early American women writers who brought awareness to issues of gender inequality, including Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Kate Chopin, and Emily Dickinson. It also discusses 20th century authors like Audre Lorde who addressed racism, sexism, and homophobia. The document provides biographies of Justin Torres, Maia Kobabe, Alice Walker, and F. Scott Fitzgerald to help students choose topics for their literary analysis essay. It raises questions about the definitions of "truth" in creative nonfiction.
Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian author who published Things Fall Apart in 1958, one of the first novels written in English by an African author. The novel addressed the effects of British colonialism in Nigeria in the late 19th century, when Britain colonized much of Africa and divided the continent without regard for local cultures and peoples. Post-colonial theory examines the long-term cultural, political, and economic impacts of colonial rule, both beneficial and harmful, and Things Fall Apart helped introduce African oral traditions and perspectives to the primarily Western novel form.
The document summarizes a presentation given by a group of students on Afro-American literature and the Harlem Renaissance. It discusses Langston Hughes' poems "Dream" and "Harlem" and their themes of unfulfilled dreams. It provides biographical details about Hughes and analyzes the literary devices used in the poems, including personification, metaphor, alliteration and simile.
This document provides an introduction to American literature by discussing the context of the world at the beginning of the American era, including developments in geography, religion, astronomy, and government in the 15th-17th centuries. It also outlines some key traits of the early American character like a sense of frontier, risk-taking, and diverse cultural influences. Finally, it questions what exactly constitutes American literature and discusses debates around canonization.
Amiri Baraka was an influential American author and political activist. He was born in 1934 in Newark, New Jersey as LeRoi Jones but later changed his name to Amiri Baraka. Baraka wrote over 40 books across multiple genres and was a leader in the Black Arts Movement. One of his most famous plays was Dutchman, which depicted the murder of a young black man by a white woman on the subway and touched on themes of racism and surviving as a black man in a white society. Baraka's writings often addressed issues of racial identity and generated controversy for their radical views. He received many honors over his career for his influential literary and political work.
The document outlines several major movements in American literature from 1825 to the present. It discusses the historical context, main ideas, genres, styles, and examples of works for each movement. The movements covered include the American Renaissance from 1825-1865, Transcendentalism from 1840-1860, Realism/Naturalism/Regionalism from 1865-1914, Modernism from 1900-1950, the Harlem Renaissance from 1917-1937, and Postmodernism from 1950 to the present.
This document summarizes and provides quotes from several famous American writers, including Jack London, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Edgar Allan Poe, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. It provides biographical details and highlights some of their most notable works. For Jack London, it discusses his life, career returning from the Klondike and working as a journalist, and popular novels including The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and Martin Eden. For the other writers, it briefly outlines their lives and important works like Moby Dick by Herman Melville, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and works by Edgar Allan Poe and F. Scott Fitzgerald.
Amiri Baraka (born Leroi Jones) is an influential African American writer and poet. He changed his name in the 1960s to Amiri Baraka, which means "prince" or "blessed one." Baraka is known for establishing the Black Arts Movement in Harlem and writing plays like "Dutchman" that addressed themes of racial oppression and black nationalism. "Dutchman" takes place on a New York City subway and depicts a confrontation between a black man and white woman that ends in violence. Baraka continues to write and teach, influencing generations with his provocative style and messages of social change.
The document provides summaries of several authors and their works that will be covered in the upcoming week's readings:
- Edgar Allan Poe is known for his macabre stories and poems and invented the modern short story form. His life was troubled and his works often showed a dark side of the American Dream.
- Robert Frost's poems touch on universal themes and use everyday language. His poem "Mending Wall" challenges traditional ways of thinking about fences and boundaries between cultures.
- Art Spiegelman's graphic novel Maus established comics as a relevant genre and recounted his father's experience in the Holocaust through interviews.
- The selections will also cover works by Henry David Thoreau,
Amiri Baraka was born Everett LeRoi Jones in 1934 in New Jersey. He adopted the name Amiri Baraka in 1967, which means "peaceful/blessed one" in Arabic. Some of his notable writings include Blues People (1963) and Black Music (1968). He helped found the Black Arts Movement in Harlem in the 1960s and 1970s. However, he generated controversy later in his career due to some of his writings containing racism, sexism, and other offensive views.
The Victorian period in Britain saw significant social, cultural, and economic changes due to the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution, and influential thinkers. [1] The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from an agricultural to an industrial nation but also led to overcrowded cities with poor living conditions and child labor. [2] Major authors like the Brontës, Dickens, Eliot, and Hardy wrote novels that brought attention to social issues. [3] Poetry focused on subjects like history, child labor, and women's rights while drama declined except for playwrights like Wilde and Shaw.
This document summarizes the African American slave narrative genre. It discusses some of the earliest and most well-known slave narratives like Olaudah Equiano's from 1789. Narratives were used by abolitionists to expose the inhumanity of slavery and prove the intelligence and humanity of African Americans. They became a dominant form of writing by African Americans during and after the Civil War. Abolitionists saw eyewitness testimony as an effective way to change northern minds about slavery.
The document discusses the American Renaissance period in the mid-19th century and the major Transcendentalist writers that helped develop a uniquely American voice and perspective. Key writers mentioned include Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Herman Melville. Transcendentalist literature encouraged individuals to find their own relationship with nature and advocated for positive relationships between people and anti-slavery views. Important works that influenced society include Longfellow's poem "The Slave's Dream", Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, and Melville's poem "The Portent" about John Brown.
The document discusses how two major 19th century American literary currents - frontier humor and local color (or regionalism) - merged in the works of Mark Twain, using exaggeration and tall tales of colorful frontier characters to capture regional dialects and experiences. It also outlines how writers like George Cable, Thomas Nelson Page, Joel Chandler Harris, Mary Murfree, Sarah Jewett, O. Henry, and others contributed to the tradition of local color regionalism in American literature through focusing on distinctive regional settings, dialects, and minority experiences.
Amiri Baraka was born Everett Leroy Jones in 1934 in Newark, New Jersey. He changed his name to Amiri Baraka in 1967. He attended Rutgers University and Howard University, then joined the Air Force before being discharged for political activities. After moving to New York, he worked as an editor for jazz magazines and wrote his famous play Dutchman in 1964. In 1965 he moved to Harlem and identified as a black nationalist, founding the Black Arts Repertory Theatre. Through the 1960s his writing focused on racial identity and political activism as he was involved in the Black Power movement. In the 1980s he began teaching at SUNY Stony Brook and continues writing poetry, drama, and essays
Paper 11 postcolonial literature presentationDungrani Nirali
This document discusses the difference between colonial and postcolonial literature. Colonial literature refers to works written during the colonial period that portrayed colonization positively from the colonizer's perspective. Postcolonial literature emerged after independence and challenges colonial perspectives by portraying the problems of colonization from the view of the colonized. The main difference is that colonial literature justified colonization while postcolonial literature critiques and resists colonialism.
Ania Loomba is a scholar of postcolonial literature and theory. She received her degrees from Delhi University and researches and teaches on early modern literature, histories of race and colonialism, postcolonial studies, feminist theory, and contemporary Indian literature and culture. According to Loomba, colonialism refers to the physical occupation of territory, while postcolonialism deals with the effects of colonialization on culture and societies. She discusses definitions of colonialism, imperialism, and postcolonialism from sources like the Oxford English Dictionary. Colonialism can be defined as the conquest and control of other people's land and goods by European powers starting in the 16th century. Imperialism refers to rule by an emperor or
Frantz Fanon was a French psychiatrist and philosopher who wrote about the psychological impact of colonialism on black communities. In his 1952 book Black Skin, White Masks, Fanon used psychoanalysis to argue that colonial subjugation caused black people to develop feelings of dependency, inadequacy, and an inferiority complex when living in a white world. He believed this led to a divided self-perception and an urge to imitate white cultural codes in order to gain acceptance. The document discusses key concepts from the book like double consciousness and discourse, and how embracing the colonizer's language implied embracing their entire civilization and superior status.
Nimesh- Post colonial literature presentationDave Nimesh B
Frantz Fanon was a significant anti-colonial thinker from Martinique. In his book Black Skin, White Masks, he draws on his personal experiences with racism in France and Algeria to critically examine colonial politics and the psychology of racial oppression. Fanon explores how colonialism imposed rigid binaries of black and white identity, causing alienation. He analyzes the trauma of being viewed only through the white gaze and having to speak French to participate in colonial culture. Fanon's work was influential in developing theories of colonial inferiority complexes, resistance to cultural hegemony through language, and the dialectic relations of the colonizer and colonized.
The document provides an overview of the historical exclusion and marginalization of Native Americans in the United States. It discusses how Native Americans were displaced from their lands through broken treaties, forced relocation on the Trail of Tears, and the Dawes Act which cut Native American land holdings in half. Conflicts over land with European settlers and the U.S. government resulted in significant losses of Native American territory and culture through the 19th century. Boarding schools sought to assimilate Native youth by prohibiting indigenous language and culture. Literature from Zitkala-Sa and Sherman Alexie portray the mixing but also challenges of navigating between Native and white societies. The document raises questions about ongoing exclusion of Native Americans from the American Dream
This document provides information about authors and readings for Week 1. It introduces Benjamin Franklin, known for his many accomplishments including writing the Declaration of Independence and "The Way to Wealth" about achieving success through hard work. It also discusses Washington Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" about a man who sleeps through the American Revolution and views the new society. Finally, it summarizes Nathaniel Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown" which challenges Puritan beliefs and Willa Cather's "Neighbour Rosicky" about a Czech immigrant finding meaning through land ownership in Nebraska.
This document provides an overview of the authors and readings for Week 2. It introduces several early American women writers who brought awareness to issues of gender inequality, including Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Kate Chopin, and Emily Dickinson. It also discusses 20th century authors like Audre Lorde who addressed racism, sexism, and homophobia. The document provides biographies of Justin Torres, Maia Kobabe, Alice Walker, and F. Scott Fitzgerald to help students choose topics for their literary analysis essay. It raises questions about the definitions of "truth" in creative nonfiction.
Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian author who published Things Fall Apart in 1958, one of the first novels written in English by an African author. The novel addressed the effects of British colonialism in Nigeria in the late 19th century, when Britain colonized much of Africa and divided the continent without regard for local cultures and peoples. Post-colonial theory examines the long-term cultural, political, and economic impacts of colonial rule, both beneficial and harmful, and Things Fall Apart helped introduce African oral traditions and perspectives to the primarily Western novel form.
The document summarizes a presentation given by a group of students on Afro-American literature and the Harlem Renaissance. It discusses Langston Hughes' poems "Dream" and "Harlem" and their themes of unfulfilled dreams. It provides biographical details about Hughes and analyzes the literary devices used in the poems, including personification, metaphor, alliteration and simile.
This document provides an introduction to American literature by discussing the context of the world at the beginning of the American era, including developments in geography, religion, astronomy, and government in the 15th-17th centuries. It also outlines some key traits of the early American character like a sense of frontier, risk-taking, and diverse cultural influences. Finally, it questions what exactly constitutes American literature and discusses debates around canonization.
Amiri Baraka was an influential American author and political activist. He was born in 1934 in Newark, New Jersey as LeRoi Jones but later changed his name to Amiri Baraka. Baraka wrote over 40 books across multiple genres and was a leader in the Black Arts Movement. One of his most famous plays was Dutchman, which depicted the murder of a young black man by a white woman on the subway and touched on themes of racism and surviving as a black man in a white society. Baraka's writings often addressed issues of racial identity and generated controversy for their radical views. He received many honors over his career for his influential literary and political work.
The document outlines several major movements in American literature from 1825 to the present. It discusses the historical context, main ideas, genres, styles, and examples of works for each movement. The movements covered include the American Renaissance from 1825-1865, Transcendentalism from 1840-1860, Realism/Naturalism/Regionalism from 1865-1914, Modernism from 1900-1950, the Harlem Renaissance from 1917-1937, and Postmodernism from 1950 to the present.
This document summarizes and provides quotes from several famous American writers, including Jack London, Herman Melville, Mark Twain, Edgar Allan Poe, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. It provides biographical details and highlights some of their most notable works. For Jack London, it discusses his life, career returning from the Klondike and working as a journalist, and popular novels including The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and Martin Eden. For the other writers, it briefly outlines their lives and important works like Moby Dick by Herman Melville, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and works by Edgar Allan Poe and F. Scott Fitzgerald.
Amiri Baraka (born Leroi Jones) is an influential African American writer and poet. He changed his name in the 1960s to Amiri Baraka, which means "prince" or "blessed one." Baraka is known for establishing the Black Arts Movement in Harlem and writing plays like "Dutchman" that addressed themes of racial oppression and black nationalism. "Dutchman" takes place on a New York City subway and depicts a confrontation between a black man and white woman that ends in violence. Baraka continues to write and teach, influencing generations with his provocative style and messages of social change.
The document provides summaries of several authors and their works that will be covered in the upcoming week's readings:
- Edgar Allan Poe is known for his macabre stories and poems and invented the modern short story form. His life was troubled and his works often showed a dark side of the American Dream.
- Robert Frost's poems touch on universal themes and use everyday language. His poem "Mending Wall" challenges traditional ways of thinking about fences and boundaries between cultures.
- Art Spiegelman's graphic novel Maus established comics as a relevant genre and recounted his father's experience in the Holocaust through interviews.
- The selections will also cover works by Henry David Thoreau,
Amiri Baraka was born Everett LeRoi Jones in 1934 in New Jersey. He adopted the name Amiri Baraka in 1967, which means "peaceful/blessed one" in Arabic. Some of his notable writings include Blues People (1963) and Black Music (1968). He helped found the Black Arts Movement in Harlem in the 1960s and 1970s. However, he generated controversy later in his career due to some of his writings containing racism, sexism, and other offensive views.
The Victorian period in Britain saw significant social, cultural, and economic changes due to the British Empire, the Industrial Revolution, and influential thinkers. [1] The Industrial Revolution transformed Britain from an agricultural to an industrial nation but also led to overcrowded cities with poor living conditions and child labor. [2] Major authors like the Brontës, Dickens, Eliot, and Hardy wrote novels that brought attention to social issues. [3] Poetry focused on subjects like history, child labor, and women's rights while drama declined except for playwrights like Wilde and Shaw.
This document summarizes the African American slave narrative genre. It discusses some of the earliest and most well-known slave narratives like Olaudah Equiano's from 1789. Narratives were used by abolitionists to expose the inhumanity of slavery and prove the intelligence and humanity of African Americans. They became a dominant form of writing by African Americans during and after the Civil War. Abolitionists saw eyewitness testimony as an effective way to change northern minds about slavery.
The document discusses the American Renaissance period in the mid-19th century and the major Transcendentalist writers that helped develop a uniquely American voice and perspective. Key writers mentioned include Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Herman Melville. Transcendentalist literature encouraged individuals to find their own relationship with nature and advocated for positive relationships between people and anti-slavery views. Important works that influenced society include Longfellow's poem "The Slave's Dream", Stowe's novel Uncle Tom's Cabin, and Melville's poem "The Portent" about John Brown.
The document discusses how two major 19th century American literary currents - frontier humor and local color (or regionalism) - merged in the works of Mark Twain, using exaggeration and tall tales of colorful frontier characters to capture regional dialects and experiences. It also outlines how writers like George Cable, Thomas Nelson Page, Joel Chandler Harris, Mary Murfree, Sarah Jewett, O. Henry, and others contributed to the tradition of local color regionalism in American literature through focusing on distinctive regional settings, dialects, and minority experiences.
Amiri Baraka was born Everett Leroy Jones in 1934 in Newark, New Jersey. He changed his name to Amiri Baraka in 1967. He attended Rutgers University and Howard University, then joined the Air Force before being discharged for political activities. After moving to New York, he worked as an editor for jazz magazines and wrote his famous play Dutchman in 1964. In 1965 he moved to Harlem and identified as a black nationalist, founding the Black Arts Repertory Theatre. Through the 1960s his writing focused on racial identity and political activism as he was involved in the Black Power movement. In the 1980s he began teaching at SUNY Stony Brook and continues writing poetry, drama, and essays
Paper 11 postcolonial literature presentationDungrani Nirali
This document discusses the difference between colonial and postcolonial literature. Colonial literature refers to works written during the colonial period that portrayed colonization positively from the colonizer's perspective. Postcolonial literature emerged after independence and challenges colonial perspectives by portraying the problems of colonization from the view of the colonized. The main difference is that colonial literature justified colonization while postcolonial literature critiques and resists colonialism.
Ania Loomba is a scholar of postcolonial literature and theory. She received her degrees from Delhi University and researches and teaches on early modern literature, histories of race and colonialism, postcolonial studies, feminist theory, and contemporary Indian literature and culture. According to Loomba, colonialism refers to the physical occupation of territory, while postcolonialism deals with the effects of colonialization on culture and societies. She discusses definitions of colonialism, imperialism, and postcolonialism from sources like the Oxford English Dictionary. Colonialism can be defined as the conquest and control of other people's land and goods by European powers starting in the 16th century. Imperialism refers to rule by an emperor or
Postcolonial theory analyzes the political and cultural impacts of colonialism. It examines topics like identity, power dynamics, and representation in formerly colonized works and societies. In The Tempest, Shakespeare depicts colonial relationships through Prospero's domination of the island's natives, Caliban and Ariel. Prospero establishes himself as a colonizer, asserting power and defining the islanders' inferior identities to justify his control over the island. Postcolonial readings critique the racism and exploitation inherent in colonial systems of power depicted in the play.
Post-colonialism is the study of the effects of colonial subjugation by Western powers on Third and Fourth World nations that emerged in the 1970s. It examines various forms of injustice, domination of culture and gender, and the experiences of subaltern groups. In literature, post-colonialism analyzes the interaction and reaction between colonial societies and the impact of colonialism on literary works. The document then defines and discusses several key post-colonial concepts like mimicry, hybridity, orientalism, and universalism and how they are applied in literary analysis and critique works from a post-colonial perspective.
1. The document provides an overview of post-colonial literature in Africa and South African writer J.M. Coetzee's work. It discusses the key characteristics of post-colonial literature including addressing social and cultural changes from colonialism.
2. J.M. Coetzee is introduced as a prominent South African writer who criticized apartheid in his early novels. His works examine humanity's capacity for evil and torture.
3. Coetzee was the first writer to win the Booker Prize twice and received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2003. His body of work addresses complex political and social issues in South Africa.
This document is a student paper analyzing Shakespeare's The Tempest as a post-colonial play. It discusses how post-colonialism exposes the deeds of colonizers and rewrites texts from the perspective of the colonized. Specifically, it analyzes how The Tempest has been interpreted through a post-colonial lens, with Prospero seen as a European overlord and Caliban as a victim of colonial oppression. The paper argues that A Tempest, by centering Caliban and portraying him as powerful, seeking freedom, and able to use language, converts the original text into a post-colonial work.
This document provides an overview of postcolonial theory and criticism. It discusses key concepts such as Orientalism, cultural imperialism, and the subaltern. It examines works by prominent postcolonial theorists like Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, and Homi Bhabha. Methods of postcolonial analysis include examining the historical, physical, ideological, gender, and cultural aspects of colonial relationships. Postcolonial literature and criticism aims to resist and revise the Western canon by introducing marginalized voices and exposing colonialist perspectives and silences.
This document provides context and analysis of Shakespeare's play "The Tempest" through a postcolonial lens. It defines colonialism and post-colonialism, then examines how Prospero represents a European colonizer and how Caliban and Ariel represent colonized peoples. Prospero exerts absolute power over the island's inhabitants, treating Caliban as a slave despite Caliban being the native to the land. The play highlights themes of colonial oppression and how European works have been reexamined in light of imperialism.
This document provides biographical information about the Nigerian author Chinua Achebe and summarizes his most famous work, Things Fall Apart. It discusses that the novel depicts the late 19th century breakdown of traditional Igbo culture due to the arrival of European colonizers in Nigeria. The document also analyzes Achebe's goal of challenging colonial-era novels that portrayed Africa as primitive, instead aiming to represent indigenous African societies as complex with their own social and political institutions prior to colonialism. It summarizes some of the main themes, characters, and narrative elements of Things Fall Apart.
Introduction Part of Ania Loomba’s Colonialism/PostcolonialismSardarsinh Solanki
Ania Loomba is a scholar of postcolonial studies who received her B.A, M.A and M.Phill degrees from Delhi University. She researches and teaches early modern literature, histories of race and colonialism, postcolonial studies, feminist theory, and contemporary Indian literature and culture. Loomba defines colonialism as the physical occupation of territory and postcolonialism as dealing with the effects of colonization on culture and societies. Imperialism refers to the rule of an emperor, especially when despotic and arbitrary. Neo-colonialism aims to maintain control of former colonies through economic arrangements after World War 2. Colonial literature was influenced by war and includes works like Aime Cesaire's "
The document discusses postcolonial studies, feminism, and poststructuralism in literature. It provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonial theory such as Orientalism, othering, and the colonial gaze. It examines how colonialist literature characterized colonized peoples and countries. It also discusses major postcolonial theorists like Fanon, Said, Bhabha, and Spivak and their critiques of colonial discourse. It notes how postcolonial literature rewrites history from perspectives of the colonized. The document also summarizes key concepts in feminism and poststructuralism such as gender construction, phallogocentrism, deconstruction, and différance.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in postcolonial studies and literature. It discusses colonialist and postcolonial literature, defining each. It also summarizes some of the major theorists in postcolonial studies, including Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. Their works examined how colonial powers constructed the colonized as the inferior "other" and justified imperial domination. Postcolonial literature is defined as writing from both the colonial era and after independence, with genres and strategies that rewrite history and establish identity.
Paper -11, The Post Colonial Litrature brijaloza1994
This document provides an overview of postcolonial scholar Ania Loomba and her views on colonialism and postcolonialism. It introduces Loomba as a professor who has authored several influential works on topics like gender, race, Shakespeare, and postcolonial studies. The document then summarizes some of Loomba's key ideas about colonialism, including how it relates to concepts like imperialism, neo-colonialism, race, class, gender, sexuality, and hybridity. It also briefly discusses Loomba's views on how feminism intersects with postcolonialism.
“Things Fall Apart as a Historical Fiction”kishan8282
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Things fall apart as a historic al fictionnilamba3158
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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1. Welcome
❖ Name: Virani Dhara R.
❖ Sem: 3, M. A. English
❖ Roll no:04
❖ Subject: The Postcolonial Literature
❖ Email id: dharavirani601@gmail.com
❖ Submitted to: smt Gardi English Dept. MKBU
❖ Year: 2019-2021
3. What is colonialism?
● The control and governing influence of a nation over a
dependent country.
What is post-colonialism
● Post-colonialism mean after colonialism. Post-colonialism
is the study of a culture after the physical and political
withdrawal of an oppressive power.
4. The central ideas in Post-colonial Literature
❏ Post-colonial has many common motifs and themes like
cultural dominance and racism, quest for identity, racial
discrimination, inequality, and hybridity along with some
peculiar presentation style.
❏ Most of the post-colonial writers reflected and demonstrated
many thematic concepts which are quite connected with both
“colonizers” and “ Colonized” While Europeans continually
accentuated on racial discrimination for their superiority over
colonized.
5. A Tempest as a post colonial Play
❏ Post colonialism is a movement or a theory which exposes
the effects of colonialism. It exposes the colonizers and their
deed.
❏ The imperialist themes of “A Tempest” have often been
noted by post-colonial critics, with Prospero being seen as
an European overlord and Caliban as a victim of this colonist
oppression.
❏ A Tempest is post colonialism text. As we have seen that
post colonial exposes the deeds of colonizers and rewrites
the text bringing periphery in the centre.
6. Post-colonialism
❏ Cesaire also has a conscious politician aim in reworking The
Tempest his play keenly examines key issues and themes of
the original in the light of Post-colonial criticism has been a
significant literary approach since the later twentieth century
when many countries all around the world libeated
themselves from European imperialism and European
literary works began to be re-examined for their imperialist
learning.
7. Post-colonialism
❏ The imperialist theme of “A Tempest” have been noted by
Post-colonial critics. With Prospero being seen as an
European overlord and Caliban as a victim of this colonist
oppression.
8. Prospero as a Master
❏ He is sympathetic character
in that he was wronged by his
usurping brother. But his
absolute power over the other
characters and his
overwrought speeches make
him difficult to like. In out first
glimpse of him. He appears
puffed up and self important.
9. Ariel as a slave
❏ Ariel is a spirit of the air who,
because he refused to serve the
witch. Sycorax, was imprisoned
in a tree until rescued by
Prospero. Ariel approaches his
tasks with enthusiasm, quickly
doing what is asked and
promptly reporting any activities
that he observes.
11. Character of Caliban
❏ Prospero’s dark, earthly slave
frequently referred to as monster
by the other characters. Dispite
his savage demeanor and ugly
appearance he has been
interpreted by many critics as a
symbol of the native cultures
occupied and suppressed by
European colonial societies.
13. ❖ Work Citations
● Ani, L. Colonialism-post-colonialism. London:Routledge,
1998. Print.
● Young, Robert Jo. Post colonial. A very short introduction.
New York Oxford University press, 2003.print.
● Cesaire, Aime. A Tempest. Ubu Repertory Theatre
publication. 1969.