The document provides summaries of several authors and their works that will be covered in the upcoming week's readings: - Edgar Allan Poe is known for his macabre stories and poems and invented the modern short story form. His life was troubled and his works often showed a dark side of the American Dream. - Robert Frost's poems touch on universal themes and use everyday language. His poem "Mending Wall" challenges traditional ways of thinking about fences and boundaries between cultures. - Art Spiegelman's graphic novel Maus established comics as a relevant genre and recounted his father's experience in the Holocaust through interviews. - The selections will also cover works by Henry David Thoreau,

1. WEEK 4 AUTHORS
AND READINGS

2. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
EdgarAllan Poe (1809-1840) is best remembered for his
macabre short stories and poems. He’s often considered the
inventor of the modern short-story form and the inventor of
the modern detective story. Additionally, Poe wrote many
poems, including “The Raven” and “Annabel Lee,” and also
published literary criticism.
You will read in the biography in your textbook about Poe’s
complex and troubled life. His father abandoned his family,
his mother died when Poe was young, and Poe was taken in
by the Allan family. His relationship with the Allans
soured, and Poe eventually struggled with debt and alcoholism. Poe’s characters are often
dark and demonstrate a gothic quality. His works also tend to show the dark side of the
American Dream; materialism and competition often give way to loneliness and isolation.
As you read “The Cask of Amontillado” this week, look for ways that the protagonist,
Montresor, demonstrates these qualities.

3. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
Robert Frost (1874-1963) is considered one of America’s greatest
poets. His poems are associated with the middle class and known
for their use of everyday language that make them accessible to
readers. Although he is commonly associated with the “folksy”
side of New England life, his work often touches on universal
themes.
As you read “MendingWall” this week, think about what the
narrator of the poem is saying about fences and how that might
relate to the intersection of cultures. Does the narrator believe
that the fence is necessary? What does his neighbor believe,
and what might the fence represent symbolically? Why do “Good fences make good
neighbors,” and why should that thinking be challenged (Frost, 2017/1914,Vol. 2 p. 737)?
The narrator of the poem points out that the men are repairing the fence out of a sense of
tradition. The speaker of the poem says that the neighbor “will not go behind his father’s
saying” (Frost, 2017/1914,Vol. 2 p. 738). The speaker is challenging the traditional way of
thinking. Why?

4. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
Art Spiegelman (b. 1948) is a New-York-based American
cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate. He is best known for his
graphic novel Maus, which firmly established the relevance of
this genre. Maus describes an interview between a father and
son, Art andVladek Spiegelman, concerning the father's
experiences during the Holocaust. The section you are reading
highlights the conflict between the father and his wife before
they have children and the way they dealt with the beginnings of
their oppression.
You can listen to an interview with Spiegelman and learn more about the making of Maus
at PBS.org's POV website and by viewing the video on the next screen.

5. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
Henry DavidThoreau (1817-1862) was born in Concord,
Massachusetts. Thoreau was also a transcendentalist. Ralph
Waldo Emerson was his good friend and mentor, and
Thoreau actually lived on Emerson's property for two years while
he wrote Walden, his most famous work. Thoreau was an
abolitionist, and he also believed in civil disobedience was a way to
effect change. These beliefs influenced his other famous work,
"Civil Disobedience," also called "Resistance to Civil Government,"
in whichThoreau contends that it is man's duty to resist unjust laws
and that government should be controlled by
the people rather than controlling its citizens. This text influenced later leaders such as
Ghandi and Martin Luther King, Jr. Please view the video on the next screen to see more
about the impact of "Civil Disobedience."

6. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
Sandra Cisneros (b. 1954) was born in Chicago and is the daughter
of a Mexican father and a Mexican American mother. As a child,
spent time living both in Chicago and in Mexico.
Her work focuses on Chicana feminism, which brings to light the
oppressive nature of both ethnic and gender bias. Chicana
feminism stresses that Chicanas face dual racism because of both
their ethnicity and their gender.
As you read the excerpt from “Woman Hollering Creek,” look for ways that Cleofilas faces
ethnic and gender bias. How does she eventually view herself?

7. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) was a Romantic poet who is best
remembered for the poem you are reading this week,
“Thanatopsis” (which means “a view of death” in Greek), when he
was just 17 years old. He was the editor of the famous NewYork
Evening Post for more than 50 years, and he used his position to
advocate for abolition, the rights of workers to unionize, and the
rights of religious minorities and immigrants.

8. World Citizenry and the Changing American Dream
Langston Hughes (1901-1967) is associated with the Harlem
Renaissance. He is best known for his poetry, although he also
wrote fiction and drama. His works show a strong association
with jazz, and his poems resonate with lyricism.
In “I,Too” and “Democracy,” which you are reading this week,
look for ways in which Hughes shows both theAfrican American
struggle for equality and inclusion and the love of music and
language.
By the 1930s, he had become a political activist, and he was drawn to the ideas of racial justice
professed by the Communist Party. He was later called to testify before Senator McCarthy's
committee on subversive activity.
Instead of focusing on form in his poetry, he sought to "capture the oral and improvisatory
traditions of black culture in written form" (Levine, 2017,Vol. 2 p. 1036). His poems boil over
with emotionalism, anger, and confusion but are coupled with a curtailed optimism and hope
that theAfrican American struggle may soon end.The short on the next screen features Danny
Glover's reading of Hughes's powerful poem "Montage of a Dream Deferred."