Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants, vegetables, fruits, flowers and any other cultivar. Kashmir which is known as paradise on earth is locally famous for its horticulture production. Kashmiri horticulture has grown by loops and bounds in the past few years. Apple cultivation is a main crop of Kashmiri horticulture. Apple cultivation is considered as a highly profitable and attractive economic activity in Kashmir. Apple industry plays an important role in the employment generation in the region as it provides employment to nearly 30 lakh people either directly or indirectly. Which suggests that nearly half of the population of a region is engaged in the apple cultivation either directly or indirectly. The aim of a present paper is to analyze the district wise apple production in Kashmir, the total area under the apple cultivation, and the dispatch of apple fruit to different markets of the country as well as abroad from the fruit mandi sopore( largest fruit mandi in Kashmir). Arfat Manzoor"A Study on Area, Production and Marketing of Apples in Kashmir" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd7090.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/commerce/7090/a-study-on-area-production-and-marketing-of-apples-in-kashmir/arfat-manzoor
Agribusinesses are important to India for multiple reasons-------- such as their contribution to the economy, the number of people they employ, strategic reasons of food security and providing raw material to other industries.
Agribusinesses are important to India for multiple reasons-------- such as their contribution to the economy, the number of people they employ, strategic reasons of food security and providing raw material to other industries.
Every day in Maharashtra news papers carry articles on:
Farmer distress, Agri-product demand / supply inconsistencies, middle men centric trade, non-availability of bank credit, loan distress & farmer suicides etc.
Students from M.Tech (Project Mgmt) studied these phenomena and have suggested modifications to the APMC Supply Chain - as a part of their SCM course.
Business Environment project class 12 cbseJacky Chain
PROJECT WORK IN THE SUBJECT OF BUSINESS STUDIES ON THE TOPIC "BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT" AS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF AISSCE, MARCH 2018 CONDUCTED BY CBSE.
This project contains the information regarding the accountancy project which is to be made by the students of class 12th boards... This project is made by jigar vaishnav for the session 2017-18 with the latest guidelines as per CBSE... Hope this will help the upcoming students who want a help regarding the business studies project....
VIEW THIS PROJECT AT YOUTUBE:- https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=V7b6VQQrjsg
Equilibrium of firm and Industry under Perfect CompetitionBikash Kumar
Macro Economics
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
Md. Sultan Mahmud
Md. Shaon Mollah
Md. Mamun Miah
Md. Abid Hasan
Shimul Kumar Mondal
Accountancy project class 11th (cbse board)Jacky Chain
This project contains the information regarding the accountancy project which is to be made by the students of class 11th. It is about Accounting and journal,ledger and trial balance..
Accountancy Project File on Comprehensive problem ...
This project is made by jigar vaishnav for the session 2016-17with the latest guidelines as per CBSE...
Hope this will help the upcoming students who want a help regarding the Accountancy project...
PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO LIKE,SHARE,SUBSCRIBE AND VISIT THIS LINKS.
To view this project in you tube visit: https://youtu.be/fx_oiHkIl3k
To download this project visit: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1h-C4C4IGjDKo1Rk2C_3XSrZJoyIUSwjb
VISIT MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCAmxAC5ivAbBnDKe9NBxbg?view_as=subscriber
MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL VIDEO LIST : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCAmxAC5ivAbBnDKe9NBxbg/videos?view_as=subscriber
VISIT ME AT:-
https://plus.google.com/u/0/107001990812497963473
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Economics project on Production Possibilty CurveNiraj Kumar
A full economics project for the first time ever. Economics project on PPC. PPC a topic from book. This project includes everything realted to PPC. This project had covered each and every corner of this topic.
Economic Analysis of Apple Orchards Production in Balochistan Pakistansanaullah noonari
Balochistan has the largest area under fruits in Pakistan as nearly one million tons of fruits are annually produced
from 0.23 million hectares and production is 32.6 percent. Mastung district of Balochistan province is the centre
of apple production on Pakistan’s. Mastung has over other apple producing regions is the ability to produce
highly colored apples due to the cool evening temperatures in late summer and the fall combined with good light
diffusion. Farming experience of Apple growers up to 10 years; they had 41.66%, 11-20 years of apple farming
experience had 13.33%, 21-30 years of apple farming experience possessed 25.00% of apple farming. Similarly,
farmers with more than 30 years of apple farming experience had 20.00% of apple farming. An average per acre
apple growers spent for rent of land Rs. 42800.00 in district Mastung Balochistan during the 2013. the Rs.
19351.50 on an average per/acre area of labour input which includes Rs. 1322.00 on Irrigation, Thinning Rs.
1761.33, Weeding Rs. 700.00, Chemicals /Spray trees Rs. 672.96, soaking Rs.613.58, Machine operating costs
Rs. 5600.00, Paint trees Rs. 954.00, Application of FYM, Rs. 689.88, picked fruit/Cutting/ harvesting, Rs.
1897.02 and Miscellaneous Rs. 5140.73 respectively in the study area. that each selected apple grower of
Mastung on an average per acre of apple spent a sum of Rs. 34771.00 that included Rs. 4471.42, Rs. 4133.45,
and Rs. 5250.00 Rs. 8457.65 Rs.3871.42 Rs. 5239.83 Rs. 2114.45 and Rs. 1233.83 on Irrigate: (water) , F.Y.M,
Fertilizer/ Urea, Insecticide/Pesticides, Packing Material, Fuel - Diesel , Spray machine , Machinery repair
respectively. the selected apple grower in Mustang Balochistan area on average per acre spent a total cost of
production of Rs. 120094.84 during 2013 this included Rs. 42800.00, 21690.58, Rs.34771.00 and Rs. 20834.26
on fixed cost, labour costs marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. Apple growers in Mastung Balochistan
area on revenue per acre earned of Rs. 268800.00 that obtained by the grower of apple. An average per acre
earned during study, Rs. 148705.00 on net income, Rs. 268800.00 on gross income and Rs. 120094.58 on total
expenditure in the Mastung Balochistan. the selected apple growers on an net income per acre earned Rs.
148705.00 and total expenditure Rs. 120094.58 in Mastung Balochistan area therefore they availed input output
ratio of 1:1.23 from apple growing in the study area.
Keywords: Apple, cost, fruit yield, labor, net returns, and cost-benefit ratio.
Every day in Maharashtra news papers carry articles on:
Farmer distress, Agri-product demand / supply inconsistencies, middle men centric trade, non-availability of bank credit, loan distress & farmer suicides etc.
Students from M.Tech (Project Mgmt) studied these phenomena and have suggested modifications to the APMC Supply Chain - as a part of their SCM course.
Business Environment project class 12 cbseJacky Chain
PROJECT WORK IN THE SUBJECT OF BUSINESS STUDIES ON THE TOPIC "BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT" AS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF AISSCE, MARCH 2018 CONDUCTED BY CBSE.
This project contains the information regarding the accountancy project which is to be made by the students of class 12th boards... This project is made by jigar vaishnav for the session 2017-18 with the latest guidelines as per CBSE... Hope this will help the upcoming students who want a help regarding the business studies project....
VIEW THIS PROJECT AT YOUTUBE:- https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=V7b6VQQrjsg
Equilibrium of firm and Industry under Perfect CompetitionBikash Kumar
Macro Economics
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
Md. Sultan Mahmud
Md. Shaon Mollah
Md. Mamun Miah
Md. Abid Hasan
Shimul Kumar Mondal
Accountancy project class 11th (cbse board)Jacky Chain
This project contains the information regarding the accountancy project which is to be made by the students of class 11th. It is about Accounting and journal,ledger and trial balance..
Accountancy Project File on Comprehensive problem ...
This project is made by jigar vaishnav for the session 2016-17with the latest guidelines as per CBSE...
Hope this will help the upcoming students who want a help regarding the Accountancy project...
PLEASE DON'T FORGET TO LIKE,SHARE,SUBSCRIBE AND VISIT THIS LINKS.
To view this project in you tube visit: https://youtu.be/fx_oiHkIl3k
To download this project visit: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1h-C4C4IGjDKo1Rk2C_3XSrZJoyIUSwjb
VISIT MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCAmxAC5ivAbBnDKe9NBxbg?view_as=subscriber
MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL VIDEO LIST : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCAmxAC5ivAbBnDKe9NBxbg/videos?view_as=subscriber
VISIT ME AT:-
https://plus.google.com/u/0/107001990812497963473
ADD FRIEND IN FACEBOOK:-
https://www.facebook.com/jigar.vaishnav.33
VISIT MY FACEBOOK PAGE:-
https://www.facebook.com/jokesindiabyjigar/notifications/
Economics project on Production Possibilty CurveNiraj Kumar
A full economics project for the first time ever. Economics project on PPC. PPC a topic from book. This project includes everything realted to PPC. This project had covered each and every corner of this topic.
Economic Analysis of Apple Orchards Production in Balochistan Pakistansanaullah noonari
Balochistan has the largest area under fruits in Pakistan as nearly one million tons of fruits are annually produced
from 0.23 million hectares and production is 32.6 percent. Mastung district of Balochistan province is the centre
of apple production on Pakistan’s. Mastung has over other apple producing regions is the ability to produce
highly colored apples due to the cool evening temperatures in late summer and the fall combined with good light
diffusion. Farming experience of Apple growers up to 10 years; they had 41.66%, 11-20 years of apple farming
experience had 13.33%, 21-30 years of apple farming experience possessed 25.00% of apple farming. Similarly,
farmers with more than 30 years of apple farming experience had 20.00% of apple farming. An average per acre
apple growers spent for rent of land Rs. 42800.00 in district Mastung Balochistan during the 2013. the Rs.
19351.50 on an average per/acre area of labour input which includes Rs. 1322.00 on Irrigation, Thinning Rs.
1761.33, Weeding Rs. 700.00, Chemicals /Spray trees Rs. 672.96, soaking Rs.613.58, Machine operating costs
Rs. 5600.00, Paint trees Rs. 954.00, Application of FYM, Rs. 689.88, picked fruit/Cutting/ harvesting, Rs.
1897.02 and Miscellaneous Rs. 5140.73 respectively in the study area. that each selected apple grower of
Mastung on an average per acre of apple spent a sum of Rs. 34771.00 that included Rs. 4471.42, Rs. 4133.45,
and Rs. 5250.00 Rs. 8457.65 Rs.3871.42 Rs. 5239.83 Rs. 2114.45 and Rs. 1233.83 on Irrigate: (water) , F.Y.M,
Fertilizer/ Urea, Insecticide/Pesticides, Packing Material, Fuel - Diesel , Spray machine , Machinery repair
respectively. the selected apple grower in Mustang Balochistan area on average per acre spent a total cost of
production of Rs. 120094.84 during 2013 this included Rs. 42800.00, 21690.58, Rs.34771.00 and Rs. 20834.26
on fixed cost, labour costs marketing costs respectively on capital inputs. Apple growers in Mastung Balochistan
area on revenue per acre earned of Rs. 268800.00 that obtained by the grower of apple. An average per acre
earned during study, Rs. 148705.00 on net income, Rs. 268800.00 on gross income and Rs. 120094.58 on total
expenditure in the Mastung Balochistan. the selected apple growers on an net income per acre earned Rs.
148705.00 and total expenditure Rs. 120094.58 in Mastung Balochistan area therefore they availed input output
ratio of 1:1.23 from apple growing in the study area.
Keywords: Apple, cost, fruit yield, labor, net returns, and cost-benefit ratio.
Strawberry (Fragaria amanassa Duch) is cultivated throughout the world, but it grows well in a cold and moist climate. The North Eastern states provide ample opportunity for the successful cultivation of strawberry due to its mild and pleasant climatic conditions. The farmers of the region are not acutely aware of the economics for the cultivation of strawberry. Therefore, in this study attempts were made to provide the economic aspects of cultivation of strawberry. The five different cultivars grown on the farm located at Central Institute of Horticulture, Medziphema, Nagaland, and cost of production and net return were calculated. Among the all five cultivars only Winter Down gives the better remuneration.
An economic analysis of organic apple cultivation in the Foothills of Saramat...AI Publications
A study was carried out to assess the production and marketing condition of apple (Malus domestica L.) in the Thanamir village of Nagaland. With diverse agro-climatic condition, varied soil and low temperature with wide regional variation, this region is highly suitable for cultivation of apple. This article focuses on the importance of apple fruit, its utilization and the economic profitability from apple crop based farming system. Research survey of farmers producing apple was conducted in 2022. Total of one hundred thirty (132) apple producers were selected using random sampling methods. The result shows BCR was estimated to be 1.95, which was found greater than unity. This showed that the apple farming is quite profitable in Thanamir. The finding shows that Cobb-Douglas production function exhibits increasing return to scale. The study concluded that apple cultivation can be made viable enterprise with increased focus on investment climate by subsidising farm input, providing affordable loans to the farmers for a sustainable production and strengthening rural infrastructure. The study pointed out that the apple cultivation could be a highly beneficial and market-oriented activity in Thanamir.
Impact of the Socio-Economic Variables on the Use of Fertilizer Type in the C...Mohd Asif Shah
Impact of the Socio-Economic Variables on the Use of Fertilizer Type in the
Case of Apple Cultivation: A Case Study of District Kulgam, Jammu and
Kashmir
Impact Assessment of Horticulture Development on Socio Economic Conditions in...ijtsrd
Horticulture has emerged as an inseparable part of agriculture and it plays a pioneering role in the agricultural development of Jammu and Kashmir. Shopian District is having a tremendous scope of horticulture mainly equipped with best agro climatic conditions suitable for temperate horticulture. Shopian become viable for production of some famous dry and fresh fruits in India and abroad. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to assess the impact of horticulture development on the socio economic conditions of respondents. Present study is mostly based on primary sources of data collected through the intensive field work. Diversification of agriculture towards the high value cash crops is becoming evident in the form of horticultural growth. Study revealed that growth in horticulture has largely and positively impacted the socio economic standards of the local populace. It was found that households having more than half of their family members engaged with horticulture have positive but correlation at 1 per cent significance level at r = .966 with those who have above two lakh incomes from all the sources, in a similar way result also indicated that more the area under horticulture paves way for the positive change in the literacy levels and ownership of houses. So, keeping in view, the fruit industry has a vast potential and bears the potential to boost the socio economic conditions. Dr. Mohammad Taufique | Dr. Vajahat Khursheed "Impact Assessment of Horticulture Development on Socio-Economic Conditions in Shopian, Jammu and Kashmir" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46307.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/geography/46307/impact-assessment-of-horticulture-development-on-socioeconomic-conditions-in-shopian-jammu-and-kashmir/dr-mohammad-taufique
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Study on Area, Production and Marketing of Apples in Kashmir
1. @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456
International
Research
A Study on Area, Production and Marketing of Apples in Kashmir
Research Scholor, Department of Commerce,
Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Punjab, India
ABSTRACT
Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants,
vegetables, fruits, flowers and any other cultivar.
Kashmir which is known as paradise on earth is locally
famous for its horticulture production. Kashmiri
horticulture has grown by loops and bounds in
few years. Apple cultivation is a main crop of Kashmiri
horticulture. Apple cultivation is considered as a highly
profitable and attractive economic activity in Kashmir.
Apple industry plays an important role in the
employment generation in the region as it provides
employment to nearly 30 lakh people either directly or
indirectly which suggests that nearly half of the
population of a region is engaged in the apple
cultivation either directly or indirectly. The aim of a
present paper is to analyze the district wise apple
production in Kashmir, the total area under the apple
cultivation, and the dispatch of apple fruit to different
markets of the country as well as abroad from the fruit
mandi sopore( largest fruit mandi in Kashmir).
Keywords: Apple, Area, Production, Marketing
Introduction
Apple is considered as a king of all fruits as it has been
associated with the Biblical story of Adam & Eve
between the Caspian and the Black sea, the Middle East
just about 4000 yrs ago. It is one of the oldest varieties
in existence; a research study states that humans have
enjoyed apples ever since at least 6500(BC)
more than 7500 known cultivars of apples. China is the
largest apple producing country in the World,
contributes over 50% of total production of the World
while, India is ranked as the 6th
largest apple producing
country in the World & 2nd
in Asia.
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | www.ijtsrd.com | Volume
International Journal of Trend in Scientific
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
A Study on Area, Production and Marketing of Apples in Kashmir
Arfat Manzoor Rather
Research Scholor, Department of Commerce,
Sant Baba Bhag Singh University, Punjab, India
Horticulture is the science and art of growing plants,
vegetables, fruits, flowers and any other cultivar.
Kashmir which is known as paradise on earth is locally
famous for its horticulture production. Kashmiri
horticulture has grown by loops and bounds in the past
few years. Apple cultivation is a main crop of Kashmiri
horticulture. Apple cultivation is considered as a highly
profitable and attractive economic activity in Kashmir.
Apple industry plays an important role in the
egion as it provides
e either directly or
suggests that nearly half of the
population of a region is engaged in the apple
cultivation either directly or indirectly. The aim of a
the district wise apple
production in Kashmir, the total area under the apple
cultivation, and the dispatch of apple fruit to different
markets of the country as well as abroad from the fruit
mandi sopore( largest fruit mandi in Kashmir).
, Area, Production, Marketing
Apple is considered as a king of all fruits as it has been
Adam & Eve
between the Caspian and the Black sea, the Middle East
just about 4000 yrs ago. It is one of the oldest varieties
in existence; a research study states that humans have
es ever since at least 6500(BC). There are
of apples. China is the
largest apple producing country in the World,
contributes over 50% of total production of the World
largest apple producing
Introduction of apple industry in Indi
Apple was introduced in India by the British in
KULLU valley of the Himalayan state of Himachal
Pradesh as far back as 1865, while the colored
“Delicious” cultivar of Apple was introduced to
SHIMLA hill of the same state in 1917. The Apple
cultivar “Ambri” is considered to be indigenous to
Kashmir and had been grown long before western
introduction in the country. Nearly all of the Indian
apples are grown in the three mountainous states of
north.
Jammu and Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh
Uttaranchal Pradesh
J&K & Himachal Pradesh have roughly equal areas
planted to apple even Himachal Pradesh have more
land under apple cultivation but J&K has the high
average yield & accounts for over 70% of total apple
production of the country. Apple is a major fruit grown
in Kashmir. Jammu And Kashmir State controls 49% of
the land dedicated to apple cultivation in India,
contributing more than 70% of the total apple
production of the country. As per the survey carried out
by the Global Consulting agency horticulture
production of the state contributes about 45% of total
agricultural production of the state, of which 80% is
controlled by the production of apple fruit. Apple
business in Jammu and Kashmir engages nearly 30 lakh
people either directly or indirectly. From past few
the trend of converting the land into apple orchards has
been rapidly increased. It has been increased from
Dec 2017 Page: 1247
| www.ijtsrd.com | Volume - 2 | Issue – 1
Scientific
(IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal
A Study on Area, Production and Marketing of Apples in Kashmir
Introduction of apple industry in India
Apple was introduced in India by the British in
KULLU valley of the Himalayan state of Himachal
Pradesh as far back as 1865, while the colored
“Delicious” cultivar of Apple was introduced to
SHIMLA hill of the same state in 1917. The Apple
i” is considered to be indigenous to
Kashmir and had been grown long before western
introduction in the country. Nearly all of the Indian
apples are grown in the three mountainous states of
& Himachal Pradesh have roughly equal areas
planted to apple even Himachal Pradesh have more
land under apple cultivation but J&K has the high
average yield & accounts for over 70% of total apple
production of the country. Apple is a major fruit grown
Kashmir. Jammu And Kashmir State controls 49% of
the land dedicated to apple cultivation in India,
contributing more than 70% of the total apple
production of the country. As per the survey carried out
by the Global Consulting agency horticulture
on of the state contributes about 45% of total
agricultural production of the state, of which 80% is
controlled by the production of apple fruit. Apple
business in Jammu and Kashmir engages nearly 30 lakh
people either directly or indirectly. From past few years
the trend of converting the land into apple orchards has
been rapidly increased. It has been increased from
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1248
47342 hectares in 1975-76 to 78007 hectares in 1995-
96, which further increased to 143501 hectares in 2016-
17. The cultivation of apple is done in all districts of
Kashmir valley. Major contributors to apple production
are Baramulla, Shopian, Pulwama, kupwada, Anantnag,
Kulgam etc.
Review of literature
Apple (Mauls Pulmila M) is undoubtedly the most
important temperate fruits of Kashmir with an excellent
keeping quality & wide variety of tastes & flavors. It is
through the efforts of consciousness of beauty, taste &
agro climatic conditions of valley which has made it
ideally suited state for apples. Apple industry is a major
sector of the economy of Kashmir valley & the fruit
industry in the state indeed become the bull work of
rural economy (wani e tal _1993)
Rauf et al(2010) studied on “Economics of production
and marketing of apples in Himachal Pradesh and
Jammu and Kashmir.” Marketing aspect of the study
indicated that channel (Producer-----pre harvest
contractor----commission agent----retailer----consumer)
was patronized by about 11% of the sample orchardists
in Himachal Pradesh and more than 17% in Jammu and
Kashmir. Channel (Producer---- commission agent----
Whole saler---- Retailer---- Consumer) is largest
channel through which 56% of produce in Himachal
Pradesh and 64% in Jammu and Kashmir are routed .
Malik (2013)” Apple production is the main occupation
of the Kashmir valley, as it constitutes 90% of total
fruit crop in the valley. But this sector faces lot of
problems like improper marketing facilities, ignorance
from government side, and lack of infrastructure”
“Jammu and Kashmir is the largest apple producing
state of India, but the state doesn’t earn that from apple
industry what it should have. The main problem of
apple industry in Kashmir is the lack of marketing
information and technique” Dr Musadiq Amen Shah.
“Horticulture is the most important income generating
industry of Jammu and Kashmir, and Kashmir is an
ideal region in the world for growing fresh and dry
fruits. The demand for kashmiri fruit within the country
is huge and export potential is also very high. The fruit
industry in Kashmir is generating Rs 600 crore revenue
and providing employment to more than 33 lakh people
directly or indirectly in the state” Ghulam Malik ,
General secretary Jammu and Kashmir K.T
Objectives of the present study
1: To study the district wise area and production of
apples in Kashmir.
2: To study the dispatch of apple fruit to different
national and international markets from fruit mandi
sopore.
Research Methodology
Keeping in view the objective of the study, the data
collection was carried out both at primary & secondary
level.
At primary level, data was collected by face to face
unstructured interview. District Baramulla as being the
highest apple producing district in the valley was given
the special preference in data collection.
For the collection of secondary data various websites
were consulted like SKUAST, J&K horticultural board,
American horticultural board etc. Relevant material in
the form of books & journals were also consulted for
study. Data was also collected from the department of
horticulture and other allied departments
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1249
Table: 1 Following data shows the area under apple cultivation in all the ten districts of Kashmir from 2012-2017
(Area in Hectares)
S.No District 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
1 Baramulla 24601 24675 24952 25203 25203
2 Kupwada 18942 18981 19012 19015 19107
3 Srinagar 3089 3114 3114 1410 1470
4 Bandipora 5605 5840 5994 6160 6174
5 Ganderbal 5716 6382 6725 6965 7310
6 Budgam 14649 14758 14912 12835 13015
7 Pulwama 11425 12389 12798 14143 14290
8 Shopian 20625 20685 21595 21607 21663
9 Kulgam 16766 17442 17153 18192 18207
10 Anantnag 16539 17119 17217 16971 17062
Total 137957 141385 143472 142501 143501
Source (Horticulture Board Kashmir).
Table 2: District wise estimate of apple production of Kashmir from 2012-2017( Production in Mts)
S.No District 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
1 Baramulla 328035 510766 423637 529265 380005
2 Kupwada 203743 283444 105369 278657 257072
3 Srinagar 39281 39481 14490 18079 17064
4 Bandipora 65102 69147 30584 56143 64834
5 Ganderbal 51844 57146 48528 59768 59768
6 Budgam 85092 86047 31526 156081 132329
7 Pulwama 85095 110192 90182 145800 139288
8 Shopian 191506 204185 183412 248044 237001
9 Kulgam 120734 131749 57518 209205 207259
10 Anantnag 150285 136702 149391 214406 188148
Total 1320717 1628859 1134637 1915448 1682768
Source (Horticulture Board Kashmir)
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1250
Data Analysis
Table 1 and table 2 shows the statistics regarding area
and production of apples from the year 2012-13 to the
year 2016-17. In the year 2012-13 the total area under
apple cultivation was 137957 hectares while as the
production in the same year was 1320717 metric tons.
In the year 2013-14 the area under apple cultivation
was 141385 hectares and the production in the same
year was 1628859 metric tons. In the year 2014 -15 the
total area was 143472 hectares and the production was
only 1134637 metric tons. The main cause of this low
production was the sep.2014 floods. But after 2014-15
there was again the increasing trend in area and also in
production. In 2015-16 the apple production in Kashmir
was recorded as 1915448 metric tons, highest in
previous 5 years and the area was also recorded as
142501 hectares. In 2016-17 a little decline trend was
recorded in the production as compared to its previous
year, it was because of the bad weather conditions. In
this year the production was recorded as 1682768
metric tons and the area was 143501 hectares.
From the above statistics it was also found that the
district Baramulla is a largest apple producing district
in Kashmir. In 2012-13 it contributed 24.837% to the
total apple production of Kashmir region and 31.357%,
37.34%, 27.631%, 22.582% respectively in 2013-14.
2014-15. 2015-16 and 2016-17.
Marketing Management
Marketing is a comprehensive function; it is concerned
with every aspect of produce from its inception, design,
pricing, distribution, setting & promotion until it finally
reaches the hands of the consumers. The apple industry
in India is concentrated in the western Himalayas, but
the entire country is consumer of apples. It, therefore
gives a virtual monopoly to these areas to supply apples
to a very vast market. The producers position is more
strengthened because when fruit matures in August &
Sept, there is practically no other fresh fruit available in
the Indian market. Kashmiri apples are dispatched
almost to all national markets including Azad Pur fruit
and vegetable mandi Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai,
Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Bangalore, Jaipur and other
markets. Kashmiri apples are also dispatched to other
countries like Nepal, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Delhi is
considered as the biggest and most suitable market for
Kashmiri apples where loaded trucks remain
unattended for several days due to very heavy arrivals
during the peak marketing months. Delhi is also the
biggest wholesale supplying market dispatching stocks
to different markets throughout the year.
Statement showing diversification of fruit dispatched
from fruit mandi sopore to various terminal markets of
the country as well as abroad for the marketing year
2014-15. Data shows the dispatch in boxes.
Table 3
Station State Total No. of
Boxes
Srinagar J&K 24400
Jammu J&K 379200
Amritsar Punjab 420400
Ludiahana Do 35800
Jalandhar Do 305600
Patiala Do 33000
Rajpur Do 2400
Ganganagar Rajasthan 126400
Jodhpur Do 43200
Jaipur Do 158400
Chandigarh Haryana 187600
Mansa Do 141400
Ahmadabad Gujarat 515200
Surratt Do 21600
Kanpur U.P 293400
Luknow Do 444200
Mumbai Maharashtra 548200
Hyderabad A.P 90200
Delhi U.T Capital 1445400
Dhaka Bangladesh 394800
Total(boxes) 5610800
(Source: Marketing wing of Horticulture Department
Sopore, District Baramulla)
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 1 | Nov-Dec 2017 Page: 1251
Data Analysis
The above statistics shows that in the year 2014-15 the
25.761% of the total fruit was dispatched to Delhi,
followed by Mumbai with 9.77%. and Mumbai was
followed by Ahmadabad with 9.18% of the total fruit
dispatched from fruit mandi sopore. The above
statistics also shows that the apple fruit was also
dispatched to Bangladesh which constitutes 7.036% of
the total dispatch from the said mandi.
CONCLUSIONS:
Apple fruit is the 2nd
among the most widely produced
fruits in the world after banana. China is the largest
apple producing country in the world, contributes over
50% of worlds total apple production. India is ranked as
the 6th
largest apple producing country in the world and
2nd
in Asia after china. There is a scope for further
production in India, it is because the agro climatic
conditions of major apple producing states (J&K,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal) are very favorable for
apple production. Apple production plays a key role in
the country’s agricultural economy, so it needs an
intensive attention of the Government. The economy of
the Jammu and Kashmir state is largely depend upon its
apple industry, as it plays important role in improving
the standard of living of the state as whole and Kashmir
in particular. From the above study it has been found
that there is a rising trend in the area under apple
cultivation in the Jammu and Kashmir. similar rising
trend has been also witnessed in the overall apple
production in the state. The apple fruits of the Kashmir
valley are almost dispatched to all national fruit
markets and also to some international markets like
Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal.
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