This document summarizes a study on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of telecom companies in Afghanistan and their impact on society. The study examines CSR activities of six major telecom companies in areas like education, health, sports and environmental protection. It reviews literature on CSR theories and models. The objectives are to understand CSR practices in the Afghan telecom sector, examine their effect on society, and suggest a CSR model for private firms. The document provides background on CSR and reviews key CSR theories including stakeholder theory, triple bottom line theory and resource-based view theory. It also discusses models of CSR proposed in previous studies.
CSR Practices by Private University-A Study on Leading University Sylhet, Ban...IOSRJBM
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The main purpose of doing business for any organization is to earn profit. But only profit motive does not make a firm or organization long term sustainable. Now- a- dayâs organization does not only busy with profit making but they are more concern for social development also. In that case as an institution education sector also not sit idle they are also involve in social development. They think themselves as a valuable member of the society. As are doing their business activities within the society and the entire stakeholder are from society, so it is impossible to ignore their contribution. The aim of this paper is to explore how academic institutions practices Corporate Social responsibilities in Bangladesh. For this Leading University has been chosen in this case because it does not only provide the quality education and fulfill the academic needs not only in Sylhet but also across the Sylhet. Leading university think along with providing quality education, social development is essential. In keeping with global evolution CSR has gained a lot of attention. It is one of the important mechanisms that affect society positively and develop relationship with stakeholders. CSR not only help leading university to gain the competitive advantages but also help to gain good image. As well as students also gain practical experience of their study of CSR course.
Report- Impact of CSR on financial performance of the companyBindu Priya Pasham
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A team of dedicated professionals from IIM Udaipur, Futurescape and Economic Times have worked on the CSR study of 2015 and has listed Indiaâs top 100 companies for CSR in the year. The top 5 companies and the bottom top 4 companies of the list i.e. 95-99 companies will be considered. The financial data of those companies will be taken and ratios will be performed, so that we come to know whether CSR policy has benefited the companies financially or not.
Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Performance of Banks in Ken...inventionjournals
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International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in the Banking Sector: The ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
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In this article, we explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability with particular reference to Ethiopian financial industry. In line with this, the paper investigated the practice of corporate social responsibility and its impact on profitability in two private banks in Ethiopia. The study used two sampling phases. The first one is to sample out the two banks among the sixteen private banks operated in the country and the second phase is to select number of respondents within the selected banks. According to National Bank of Ethiopia, (NBE, 2020) annual report among the sixteen private commercial banks operated in the country, six of them were operated in the industry for more than 20 years and two banks namely Dashen and United banks were randomly selected for the study. The study used questionnaires as an instrument for data collection and the Cronbach alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the nature of strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables (philanthropic, ethical, legal and economic responsibilities) and the dependent variables (profitability), regression analysis was also employed to determine the degree in which the dependent variable can be predicated or explained from the independent variables. The finding reveals that ethical, philanthropic, legal and economic responsibilities of CSR dimension have a positive and significant impact on profitability of the banks. Furthermore, the overall finding of the study suggested that CSR practice of banks has a significant impact on the level of their profitability. The study recommends that banks should improve their efforts exerted towards their CSR practice in order to enhance their profitability.
CSR Practices by Private University-A Study on Leading University Sylhet, Ban...IOSRJBM
Â
The main purpose of doing business for any organization is to earn profit. But only profit motive does not make a firm or organization long term sustainable. Now- a- dayâs organization does not only busy with profit making but they are more concern for social development also. In that case as an institution education sector also not sit idle they are also involve in social development. They think themselves as a valuable member of the society. As are doing their business activities within the society and the entire stakeholder are from society, so it is impossible to ignore their contribution. The aim of this paper is to explore how academic institutions practices Corporate Social responsibilities in Bangladesh. For this Leading University has been chosen in this case because it does not only provide the quality education and fulfill the academic needs not only in Sylhet but also across the Sylhet. Leading university think along with providing quality education, social development is essential. In keeping with global evolution CSR has gained a lot of attention. It is one of the important mechanisms that affect society positively and develop relationship with stakeholders. CSR not only help leading university to gain the competitive advantages but also help to gain good image. As well as students also gain practical experience of their study of CSR course.
Report- Impact of CSR on financial performance of the companyBindu Priya Pasham
Â
A team of dedicated professionals from IIM Udaipur, Futurescape and Economic Times have worked on the CSR study of 2015 and has listed Indiaâs top 100 companies for CSR in the year. The top 5 companies and the bottom top 4 companies of the list i.e. 95-99 companies will be considered. The financial data of those companies will be taken and ratios will be performed, so that we come to know whether CSR policy has benefited the companies financially or not.
Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on the Performance of Banks in Ken...inventionjournals
Â
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Corporate Social Responsibility and Profitability in the Banking Sector: The ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Â
In this article, we explore the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability with particular reference to Ethiopian financial industry. In line with this, the paper investigated the practice of corporate social responsibility and its impact on profitability in two private banks in Ethiopia. The study used two sampling phases. The first one is to sample out the two banks among the sixteen private banks operated in the country and the second phase is to select number of respondents within the selected banks. According to National Bank of Ethiopia, (NBE, 2020) annual report among the sixteen private commercial banks operated in the country, six of them were operated in the industry for more than 20 years and two banks namely Dashen and United banks were randomly selected for the study. The study used questionnaires as an instrument for data collection and the Cronbach alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument. Correlation analysis was carried out to identify the nature of strength and direction of the relationship between the independent variables (philanthropic, ethical, legal and economic responsibilities) and the dependent variables (profitability), regression analysis was also employed to determine the degree in which the dependent variable can be predicated or explained from the independent variables. The finding reveals that ethical, philanthropic, legal and economic responsibilities of CSR dimension have a positive and significant impact on profitability of the banks. Furthermore, the overall finding of the study suggested that CSR practice of banks has a significant impact on the level of their profitability. The study recommends that banks should improve their efforts exerted towards their CSR practice in order to enhance their profitability.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
Â
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
Corporate Social Responsibility Model Based On âTri Hita Karanaâ Cultureinventionjournals
Â
This research was conducted with the background of the CSR activities that are usually done by the company including the BPR industry. So far, CSR has not been adjusted to the values of local wisdom. One of the values of local wisdom in Bali that can be adopted by companies is the cultural value THK. Therefore, this study has the objective to explain the model of CSR-based cultural values THK. This study used a qualitative approach using key informants are stakeholders of the BPR industry, consisting of: the director of BPR, BPR commissioner, banking analyst, cultural experts, and academics. The number of informants there are as many as 15 people. The results showed that the BPR in Bali has implemented CSR activities such as: providing funding punia to pretend, to invite employees to tirta yatra, took off in the days of Hinduism, planting trees, using conditioned taste, using office facilities friendly environment, provide a decent salary, give a reasonable interest rate, giving social assistance to orphanages / nursing, until there doing house renovation. The various CSR activities when combined with cultural concepts THK then be grouped into parahyanganbased CSR, CSR-based pawongan, and CSR-based palemahan. All this THK-based CSR activities have a positive impact for all stakeholders BPR industry in Bali, such as: maintenance of harmonious relations with the BPR employees, customers and the surrounding community, the preservation of the natural environment is good, and the increased performance of BPR.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This article talks about Indiaâs Competitiveness Edge - A Study of the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research.
CSR has a long history associated with it impacts on organizations behavior. CSR is originally considered an American and European concept. During the 1990s the idea of CSR became almost universally approved, also CSR was coupled with strategy literature and finally, in the 2000s.
In India as in the rest of the world there is a growing realization the capital markets and corporations are. After all, created by society and must therefore serve it, not merely profit from it. And those consumers and citizens campaigns can make all the difference.
For over 50 years, Hindalco has worked in the hinterlands of India to better the quality of life of the underprivileged sections of society. This study is undertaken to provide a systematic analysis of:
Provisions for Corporate Social Responsibility in Companies Act, 2013RHIMRJ Journal
Â
CSR as a concept has attracted worldwide attention and acquired a new resonance in the global economy Heightened
interest in CSR in recent years has stemmed from the advent of globalisation and international trade, which has reflected in
increased business complexity and new demands for enhanced transparency and corporate citizenship. Moreover, while
Governments have traditionally assumed the sole responsibility for the improvement of the living conditions of the population,
societyâs needs have exceeded the capabilities of Governments to fulfill them. In this context, the spotlight is increasingly
turning to focus on the role of business in society and progressive companies are seeking to differentiate themselves through
engagement in what is referred to as CSR. The Companies Act, 2013 has taken one step ahead and introduced mandatory
provisions in the field of CSR. Though many believe that concerns on the new company law are manifold and it is a bold yet
not beautiful step. For instance, India Inc is concerned that the cost of board performance evaluation may outweigh the
benefits for many small companies in this regard. Also, it has concerns about the prospect of an over regulated regime and the
attendant scourge of corruption. Given the advantages and concerns on the new regulations introduced by the new Companies
Act, we all need to wait and watch once the companies start implementing the new provisions and therefore, the practical
aspects and implications will be evaluated thereafter.
Value Creation Through Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countrie...Waqas Tariq
Â
Consumer support for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been in practice for some years now and firms are demanded to seriously take CSR initiatives. This project has been compiled out of a wealth of literature that addresses the need and importance of CSR and business ethics in the society in great depth. A case study of CSR at Proctor and Gamble Pakistan was carried out by employing both the qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques to gather information so as to bring the attributes of triangulation in this research. The research findings outlined various views and beliefs of the respondents with regards to CSR initiatives by Proctor and Gamble Pakistan. The CSR awareness and societal veracities are the factors that encourage consumers to think ethically and make decisions in terms of who to develop associations with. The research shows a reflection of deductive approach and the researcher understood the inbuilt pros and cons of dependence upon secondary sources of information. It was attempted to adopt a hybrid strategy in this project but it mainly took a positivist look because of the nature of the questionnaire survey based upon close-ended questions aiming for quantitative data. The trend for CSR initiatives in developing countries is now growing at a decent pace and the recent advancements in technology and media have resulted in grown awareness among consumer groups to exert pressures on multinational companies to be apparent in their statements as well as practices.
Analysis of the effects of economic corporate social responsibility on financ...inventionjournals
Â
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect economic corporate social responsibility on Financial performance. The study was guided by the following objectives: To analyze the effect of innovational CSR cost on financial performance, to examine the effect of social quality practices spending on financial performance ,to find out the effect of corporate entrepreneurship spending on financial performance and to examine the effect of financial literacy expenditure CSR on financial The study was guided by Stakeholders theory, Shareholder theory and Shareholder-Based Financial Performance theory. This study used quantitative research approaches. Quantitative research is generally associated. Collecting and converting data into numerical form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions drawn. This study will employ descriptive research design. The target population used was 100 and sampling procedure used was stratified. The study used primary (collected using questionnaires) and secondary data (trend analysis). To test the validity of the research instruments the questionnaires prepared and submitted to the supervisor and other research experts. In order to test the reliability of the instrument used in this study, the researcher used test retest method. Descriptive and inferential statistics method was used for data analysis and interpretation regression model was used to analyze the effect between variables. The study recommended that companies should ensure effective sustainability programs which include social responsibility, They should also ensure effective social programs are accomplished through cause-related marketing and corporate philanthropy, they should also create initiative which has beneficial relationship between the corporation and society, they should also should ensure corporate governance which is the framework of rules and practices by which a board of directors and embrace accountability, fairness, and transparency in a company's relationship with its stakeholders. For further research the study suggests that more studies should be done on economic social responsibility and corporate governance, economic social responsibility and financial literacy.
Corporate Social Responsibility Model Based On âTri Hita Karanaâ Cultureinventionjournals
Â
This research was conducted with the background of the CSR activities that are usually done by the company including the BPR industry. So far, CSR has not been adjusted to the values of local wisdom. One of the values of local wisdom in Bali that can be adopted by companies is the cultural value THK. Therefore, this study has the objective to explain the model of CSR-based cultural values THK. This study used a qualitative approach using key informants are stakeholders of the BPR industry, consisting of: the director of BPR, BPR commissioner, banking analyst, cultural experts, and academics. The number of informants there are as many as 15 people. The results showed that the BPR in Bali has implemented CSR activities such as: providing funding punia to pretend, to invite employees to tirta yatra, took off in the days of Hinduism, planting trees, using conditioned taste, using office facilities friendly environment, provide a decent salary, give a reasonable interest rate, giving social assistance to orphanages / nursing, until there doing house renovation. The various CSR activities when combined with cultural concepts THK then be grouped into parahyanganbased CSR, CSR-based pawongan, and CSR-based palemahan. All this THK-based CSR activities have a positive impact for all stakeholders BPR industry in Bali, such as: maintenance of harmonious relations with the BPR employees, customers and the surrounding community, the preservation of the natural environment is good, and the increased performance of BPR.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This article talks about Indiaâs Competitiveness Edge - A Study of the Role of Corporate Social Responsibility. It has been co- authored by Dr. Uday Salunkhe, Director of the prestigious Welingkar Institute of Management and Research.
CSR has a long history associated with it impacts on organizations behavior. CSR is originally considered an American and European concept. During the 1990s the idea of CSR became almost universally approved, also CSR was coupled with strategy literature and finally, in the 2000s.
In India as in the rest of the world there is a growing realization the capital markets and corporations are. After all, created by society and must therefore serve it, not merely profit from it. And those consumers and citizens campaigns can make all the difference.
For over 50 years, Hindalco has worked in the hinterlands of India to better the quality of life of the underprivileged sections of society. This study is undertaken to provide a systematic analysis of:
Provisions for Corporate Social Responsibility in Companies Act, 2013RHIMRJ Journal
Â
CSR as a concept has attracted worldwide attention and acquired a new resonance in the global economy Heightened
interest in CSR in recent years has stemmed from the advent of globalisation and international trade, which has reflected in
increased business complexity and new demands for enhanced transparency and corporate citizenship. Moreover, while
Governments have traditionally assumed the sole responsibility for the improvement of the living conditions of the population,
societyâs needs have exceeded the capabilities of Governments to fulfill them. In this context, the spotlight is increasingly
turning to focus on the role of business in society and progressive companies are seeking to differentiate themselves through
engagement in what is referred to as CSR. The Companies Act, 2013 has taken one step ahead and introduced mandatory
provisions in the field of CSR. Though many believe that concerns on the new company law are manifold and it is a bold yet
not beautiful step. For instance, India Inc is concerned that the cost of board performance evaluation may outweigh the
benefits for many small companies in this regard. Also, it has concerns about the prospect of an over regulated regime and the
attendant scourge of corruption. Given the advantages and concerns on the new regulations introduced by the new Companies
Act, we all need to wait and watch once the companies start implementing the new provisions and therefore, the practical
aspects and implications will be evaluated thereafter.
Value Creation Through Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countrie...Waqas Tariq
Â
Consumer support for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been in practice for some years now and firms are demanded to seriously take CSR initiatives. This project has been compiled out of a wealth of literature that addresses the need and importance of CSR and business ethics in the society in great depth. A case study of CSR at Proctor and Gamble Pakistan was carried out by employing both the qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques to gather information so as to bring the attributes of triangulation in this research. The research findings outlined various views and beliefs of the respondents with regards to CSR initiatives by Proctor and Gamble Pakistan. The CSR awareness and societal veracities are the factors that encourage consumers to think ethically and make decisions in terms of who to develop associations with. The research shows a reflection of deductive approach and the researcher understood the inbuilt pros and cons of dependence upon secondary sources of information. It was attempted to adopt a hybrid strategy in this project but it mainly took a positivist look because of the nature of the questionnaire survey based upon close-ended questions aiming for quantitative data. The trend for CSR initiatives in developing countries is now growing at a decent pace and the recent advancements in technology and media have resulted in grown awareness among consumer groups to exert pressures on multinational companies to be apparent in their statements as well as practices.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
⢠The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
⢠The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate âany matterâ at âany timeâ under House Rule X.
⢠The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
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A Study Of Corporate Social Responsibility Practices And Its Effect On Society
1. http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 3194 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 12, December 2020, pp.3194-3201, Article ID: IJM_11_12_299
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=12
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
DOI: 10.34218/IJM.11.12.2020.299
Š IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
A STUDY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY PRACTICES AND ITS
EFFECT ON SOCIETY
Masood Khan
Research Scholar, Department of management Studies,
Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Dr. Manisha Choudhary
Associate Professor, Department of management Studies,
Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
The philosophy of CSR has been a great debatable topic for researchers, CSR-
Experts, practitioners, businesses, public or private entities, and academics for almost
decades since the 1950s, but CSR standard definition remains vague due to its expended
approaches to this field. Nowadays, every firm around the globe considers and pays
careful attention to their social responsibilities. Before the 1960s, companies had to
focus on daily business operations and envisioned only benefits but currently, strategies
of organizations are experienced differently as compared to the earliest businesses. The
focus of the research paper imparts corporate social responsibility practices by Afghan
GSM companies i.e. AWCC, Roshan, Etisalat, MTN, Afghan Telecom and Wasel
Telecom and their impact on society key areas such as education, health, sports, and
community relationship and environmental relationship. Furthermore, this study strives
to suggest a CSR model relating to CSR activities that could be included in the firm's
main objectives with specific reference to the Afghan telecom sector. Also, this paper
briefly explains, definitions of terms related to study and social responsibility historical
details.
Key words: AWCC, CSR, Service, MTN, Afghan Telecom.
Cite this Article: Masood Khan and Manisha Choudhary, A Study of Corporate Social
Responsibility Practices and Its Effect on Society, International Journal of Management
(IJM), 11(12), 2020, pp. 3194-3201.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/issues.asp?JType=IJM&VType=11&IType=12
1. INTRODUCTION
The term âCorporate Social Responsibilityâ or simply CSR has a deep history, justifying its
activities impact on organizational performance and thus its influence on society. The
2. Masood Khan and Manisha Choudhary
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp 3195 editor@iaeme.com
philosophy of CSR has been a great debatable topic for researchers, CSR-Experts, practitioners,
businesses, public or private entities, and academics for almost decades since the 1950s, but
CSR standard definition remains vague due to its expended approaches to this field. Nowadays,
every firm around the globe considers and pays careful attention to their social responsibilities.
Before the 1960s, companies had to focus on daily business operations and envisioned only
benefits but currently, strategies of organizations are experienced differently as compared to
the earliest businesses. They intend to care, be supportive, and responsive in the societies they
operate, thus social practitioners seems these actions a voluntary contribution to the community.
(Carroll 1979). Nearly most organization in the world with regards to their economic capacity
and business volume confirms and considers themselves a responsible citizen of the community
and environment. Organizations seek and strive to create a stronger relationship in society for
their sustainable profit and survival. They aim to build trust and the ability to attract more
customers to the market. Communities are the main target and important segment for any
business therefore, enterprises must be honest to creating a stronger, stable, friendly, and social
business environment.
CSR is taken by firms as a multi-profit tool, creating a healthier image in the market that
promotes company reputation and reliability with stakeholders. Social Responsibilities build
co-relation among society and business and bring them together and closer to each other, so the
business is bound to become more socially responsible, being more thoughtful and responsive
to community and environment. Additionally, CSR could be a great source for a firmâs
competitive advantage (Masood, Pankaj 2019).
CSR's goal is to treat every interested party on a balanced scale because these activities
directly impact employees, corporations, customers, and the community. The focus of the
research paper imparts corporate social responsibility practices by Afghan GSM companies i.e.
AWCC, Roshan, Etisalat, MTN, Afghan Telecom and Wasel Telecom and their impact on
society key areas such as education, health, sports, and community relationship and
environmental relationship. Furthermore, this study strives to suggest a CSR model relating to
CSR activities that could be included in the firm's main objectives with specific reference to the
Afghan telecom sector. Also, this paper briefly explains, definitions of terms related to study
and social responsibility historical details.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is to study and evaluate the CSR activities of the cellular phone
companies in Afghanistan. A model is proposed for Afghan private firms. More specifically the
objectives are i.e.
⢠To understand the nature of CSR practices in the telecommunication sector in
Afghanistan.
⢠To examine the effect of CSR on society in Afghanistan.
⢠To suggest a model of CSR for Afghan private firms.
3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
One of the simplest ways of economizing effect in an inquiry is to review and build upon the
work already done by others. A comprehensive review of literature is done under the research
with thorough consideration and efforts have been made on the part of the researcher to select
a review to arrange it systematically and report it. An in-depth review of literature facilitates
knowing the trend of research already done in a specific area.
The review understudy relates to the CSR practices in telecom sector in Afghanistan, with
an emphasis on its impact on society. The review describes CSR policies and practices in
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telecom sector. It also summarizes available evidence from previous reviews of corporate social
responsibility and its practice to identify factors that contribute to the success or failure of
corporate social responsibility practices. The focus of the review is to summarize, organizes,
and analyze the existing descriptive and analytical material in the literature. Literature reviews
offer insights into the theoretical and conceptual base of CSR.
The review provides theoretical literature on CSR activities in the private telecom sector
and literature on studies that explore the relation among CSR initiatives and the stakeholders.
4. CSR THEORIES
Several changes might happen to businesses with the passage of time due to culture, demand,
taste, time duration, society, customers, and situation. All these variations have been emerged
with social and environmental issues due to the above-mentioned factors. The traditional
concept of business was used to make more money but nowadays, business ethics are
considered more important than profit.
Researchers found that Business Ethics turns to profit sustainability at a long turn. Similarly,
CSR and its impact on society and business have been changed throughout history. CSR
theories have been developed since 1950s-1990s (CSR origination- Carroll 1960) and are
continued proclaiming their value in the business world till today. Before 2000, these theories
were brought to bring social awareness and ethical behaviors among businesses and societies.
Social accountability came more practical after 2000s. As regions same as CSR theories
adoption and implementation is differently practiced, CSR by developed nations like the United
States and European countries - has been defined as a philanthropic process in late decades
where companies were sharing their part of the profit to the charitable organizations helping
poor communities. While European firms intend to focus more on society, having said that the
European organizations were operating in diverse ethical ways considering their internal and
external customers.
There are certain CSR theories in social sciences proposed by business experts and scholars,
but few ones still exist with higher intention in the market. This study will put light on known
CSR theories which are acceptable and common in the literature. Following CSR theories are
described by the researcher, which are appropriate for this study and will help other businesses
and scholars.
⢠Friedman Theory (Shareholder Theory)
⢠Freeman theory (Stakeholder Theory
⢠Triple Bottom Line Theory
⢠Agency Theory
⢠Resource Based View theory (RBV Theory)
5. MODELS OF CSR
Earlier during the traditional time, businesses were intended to make a profit and respond to
consumerâs demand by producing qualitative products and services. Due to modern
industrialization and stakeholderâs interest, it came to know that a company should have an
equilibrium taking business decisions treating all attached parties for its survival. Purposively,
academicians proposed many diverse business concepts for social responsibilities of firms, as
CSR- which aims to keep a firm social, environmentally friendly and ethically responsible to
each internal and external stakeholder. CSR has been debated vaguely by different viewers
concerning cultural, religious, population, and race differentiation.
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Many works of the literature demonstrated and focused on the economic model of CSR.
Carrollâs CSR model is well known in social sciences and cited more than any other typical
scheme in the field; it has four main elements which talk about the legal, social, environmental,
and economic responsibilities of an organization. There are three basic and most prominent
CSR models in the social and ethical subjects.
⢠Carrollâs CSR pyramid
⢠CSR Intersecting Model
⢠CSR Centric Model
6. CSR IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Public jurisdiction as EU in Europe plays a critical role in assisting firms, supporting them
legislatively, direct them to perform business operations in an efficient way. A report on CSR,
Responsible Business Conduct (RBC), and Business-Human Rights published by European
Commission (EC)-Brussels in 2019 clearly defines the social responsibility of European firms
in a concise manner. EC has an emergence role to promote CSR under Guiding Principles on
Business and Human Rights of United Nations (UNGPs).
United Kingdom (UK) has been considered as lead CSR country in the region, due to its
universal position and rich history. As per Capital Care Report (UK), ž individuals agree that
their organizations should go beyond legal compliance for environmental protections and ½
believe to support local communities. There are several legal rules encompassed by UK
government to be implemented by firms to serve society and environment.
7. CSR IN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA)
CSR in the USA has been originated in 1970s during the âsocial contractâ among businesses
and communities which was proposed by Committee for Economic Development. It has been
practiced by US in the areas of humanitarianism, charity, environmental conservation and
volunteerism. CSR is not treated as a mandate legal issue in the US. Businesses are asked to
engage in social and environmental volunteer practices and these practices are defined as
Admirable actions (Fifka, 2013). A study by Brammer in 2005 shows that US corporations
contribute ten times more as compared to British firms. However, USA is consuming an
average of 207 % of ecological capacity as per World Watch 2015 reports. Corporate
responsibilities and environmental concerns in society are the errands of the government to be
considered. (Camilleri, 2015). Therefore, larger firms in US are asked to engage in CSR because
these firms are leading drivers for economic sustainability.
8. CSR IN AFRICA
Social Responsibility has been recognized in different contexts in the world. CSR in Africa
have been copied mostly from Western world (Dobers 2009). But most studies in Africa shows
that Western social theories could not be fully applicable in African context.
Africa has been considered the second-largest moderate territory in the world in accordance
with the population which reaches nearly to almost one billion people. Africaâs economy has
been spontaneously growing in late decades. CSR arguments in Africa are being elevated by
experts and academics interestingly (Okoye 2005). The export of commodities to international
markets is at a low level due to weak trade, economics, and market constancy (George, Forstater
2010). There are developmental challenges in Africa that are seriously considered, a big chunk
of the percentage earns USD two per day or maybe less. The challenges in the region are
poverty, basic education, gender concerns, women empowerment, child abuse, lack of health
facilities, and environmental considerations (Source: CSR papers and publications).
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9. CSR IN INDIA
India is assumed to be the initial CSR legislative country in the world. India CSR act 2013,
stated that a business firm should compliance its social activities in key areas such as equal
gender opportunities, education, and eliminating poverty-hunger reducing. This act instructed
all companies to invest their 2% of total profit every year (Dezan Shira July 2013). This act has
been derived from Mahatma Gandhiâs CSR model which is still known as the âTrusteeship
Modelâ (Harijan).
10. CSR PRACTICES IN AFGHANISTAN
The Karzai Administration of Afghanistan has encouraged larger firms or multinational
companies to invest in CSR. There are few national and international companies involved in
philanthropic activities such as Beverage Firms, Financial Institutions and Mobile
Telecommunication. A report published by Export.gov (https://www.trade.gov/export-
solutions) stated that the mining sector has been involved to protect the society and environment
of the hazardous weapons, battlefield fragments, or metal items that have been retained in the
soil. Some GSM companies developed and implemented social outreach programs in the region
including health, education, sports, infrastructure social development, and many more.
11. PROBLEM STATEMENT
Most of the CSR debate is being discussed from earlier stages of Friedmanâs Shareholder theory
(1970) and Freemanâs Stakeholder theory (1984). For the time being, discussions have made
huge progress towards the influence of CSR on businesses and societies. CSR should be
considered as a volunteer commitment by both private and public organizations. They should
be socially responsible for their activities in the corporate world, and in reality, it is very
complex to define CSR empirical meaning by firms. Experts and practitioners have clearly
defined the benefits of CSR and its impact on society (Swaen, 2008). Afghanistan is a war-torn
country, has remained too away from global relations and business affinities for decades from
the business world. In reality, Government is the primary authority that is responsible to provide
social assistance to the public but the impact of the past and ongoing civil conflicts, lack of
better management, ethical and religious disparities, poor economy, and most probably high
threat security issues in Afghanistan are the main obstacles for the sustainable economic
development of the country. This study focuses on Corporate Social Responsibility definitions,
CSR activities performed by selected firms in Afghanistan, CSR principles. In addition, it
emphasizes checking the impact of social accountabilities performed by companies on society.
The research also focuses to propose at developing a CSR common model for private firms in
Afghanistan.
12. CONCLUSION
Many businesspeople believed that CSR outlook is only related to a firmâs profit but due to the
high demand for CSR and interesting debates among many scholars, practitioners, and
researchers, the traditional trend turned businesses to a new social and environmental ideology
of CSR. This study represents the notions of internal employees of selected firms for the
research and external stakeholders of the society including CSR beneficiaries, customers,
government authorities, etc. The researcher observed four firmsâ social practices implemented
by them as of 2019 and distinguished them into two major categories including Internal/external
areas of firmsâ discretionary efforts. Internal CSR areas cover Employee Relations. CSR in
Afghanistan is not practiced at a fair proportion as expected to be done, as earlier mentioned,
there are few corporations particularly in telecom sector, which performed more social tasks as
compared to any other division of the industry. Furthermore, these CSR practices have been
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implemented in an unorganized and traditional way. It is noticed that selected firms for this
study have their own mechanisms of practicing their CSR programs. It is very important to have
common and standard models of CSR or a roadmap of social implementation for firms in
Afghanistan. During the study, it was found that almost all companies have a merged
department of CSR engaged or/and with Legal Department of that firm.
To get in conclusion, CSR must be integrated into a firmâs strategy. This ideology should
be accepted as a survivance model by businesses. Moreover, CSR does not mean to earn profit
only but to consider giving back to society. Mahatma Gandhi declared social responsibilities as
an ethical act for business firms. A company should maintain to conduct its business ethically
and ask its personnel to behave in a well-mannered professional fashion.
SUGGESTED CSR MODEL FOR AFGHAN PRIVATE FIRMS
Below suggested model of CSR justifies the third recommended objective of the study which
is âTo propose a CSR model of private firms in Afghanistanâ This figure presents CSR model
concerning local Afghan firms. The model contains internal and external stakeholders who are
associated with the firm. It intends to derive advantages by applying CSR. The hierarchical
process of CSR implementation clarifies the whole scenario of social responsibilities which
enhance and lead to organizational performance. Below is a detailed explanation of the figure.
CSR Suggested Model
Figure 1
Any business activity such as consultancy, production, commercial and noncommercial
trade, construction, engineering, transportation, health, sports, and quality assurance should be
performed by corporates in an acceptable approach which results in trust, achieving the
satisfaction of customers through fulfilling demands of each stakeholder and the long term
relations in the society. Such firms would be able to consider stakeholders as loyal firms to their
social commitments.
Overall, social activities are accepted as important business strategies of firms and intend
to impact the internal firmâs environment and external society.
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