This document describes research on developing a microfluidic immunoassay device to rapidly detect and quantify levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), a biomarker for periodontal disease, in human saliva samples. The device, called a microchip electrophoretic immunoassay (μCEI), uses microfluidic channels to enrich and separate the MMP-8 antigen from saliva via competitive immunoassay and capillary electrophoresis. The μCEI shows potential for point-of-care diagnosis and monitoring of periodontal disease through a small, portable device that analyzes saliva, which could enable more frequent disease assessment.
Laser assisted nonsurgical periodontal therapy a review (autosaved)Dr Viral Patel
This document reviews the use of lasers in non-surgical periodontal therapy. It discusses how lasers can be used to decontaminate and coagulate periodontal pockets to remove bacterial biofilms and support healing. Different types of lasers including diode, Nd:YAG, CO2, and erbium lasers are described. Treatment protocols involve using lasers for sulcular debridement and repeated decontamination of pockets over multiple appointments to thoroughly reduce the bacterial load and support tissue maturation. Lasers are shown to be bactericidal and improve periodontal health outcomes when used as an adjunct to conventional root debridement and as part of expanded infection therapy protocols.
Lateral flow assays using polymer microspheres have become a useful diagnostic tool for point-of-care testing due to their simplicity, low cost, and not requiring specialized equipment or training. Most lateral flow assays rely on nitrocellulose membranes and use gold particles or dyed polystyrene microspheres to capture analytes. Sensitivity can be improved by using larger or more intensely dyed microspheres. New types of fluorescent and superparamagnetic microspheres have potential to develop more sensitive lateral flow assays and quantitative readings.
This study evaluated the bactericidal effects of two novel laser wavelengths - a 980 nm diode laser and a 532 nm KTP laser - for endodontic treatment. Bacteria-inoculated dentin samples were irradiated with each laser at 1W and 1.5W output powers. Both lasers significantly reduced counts of E. coli bacteria, with greater reductions at 1.5W. Against more resistant E. faecalis, reductions were seen only at 1.5W. Temperature increases during irradiation were also measured. Scanning electron microscopy found no notable morphological changes to irradiated dentin. The lasers demonstrated effectiveness against bacteria in deep dentin layers and may be suitable additions to current endodont
This study assessed whether biostimulation with a diode laser regulates cementoblast functions such as proliferation and biomineralization. Cementoblasts treated with a diode laser showed increased survival and proliferation over time compared to untreated cells. The laser-treated cells also demonstrated more mineralized nodule formation. While further studies are needed, biostimulating cementoblasts with low-level lasers may positively impact periodontal regeneration by allowing cementoblasts to remain in the area longer to aid in new attachment formation.
Magnetic beads in MedLab Magazine issue 02.009Fabrice Sultan
The document discusses magnetic nanoparticles and microspheres, including Estapor® microspheres and MagPrep® particles, and their various applications. Estapor® microspheres offer advantages for immobilizing antibodies or antigens due to their ability to efficiently bind target molecules. Magnetic particles provide an alternative to conventional chromatography that allows automation and replacement of centrifugation or organic solvents with simple magnetic separation. Estapor® microspheres and MagPrep® particles combine these benefits with features like high magnetite content and a non-porous surface, enabling fast migration in magnetic fields while binding targets with high signal and low noise.
This study evaluated human gingival fibroblast and mesenchymal stem cell migration, proliferation, and membrane stiffness using perforated collagen membranes. Cells were cultured from gingival tissue and tested for surface markers. Migration was assessed using transwell assays with membranes perforated at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.7 mm. Proliferation was measured using MTT assays. Membrane stiffness was analyzed by tensile testing. Cell migration increased with larger perforations while proliferation was similar. Membranes remained stiff with perforations up to 0.7 mm. The results suggest perforated membranes could enhance regeneration by allowing cell migration but smaller pores may better prevent tissue ingrowth.
1) The study investigated the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in liquid formulation versus gel formulation on osteoblast and periodontal ligament cell proliferation and differentiation.
2) Results showed that both EMD formulations increased cell proliferation, growth factor expression, and calcium deposition similarly.
3) Future research is needed to evaluate EMD liquid formulation combined with bone grafts for periodontal regeneration compared to the gel formulation.
Laser assisted nonsurgical periodontal therapy a review (autosaved)Dr Viral Patel
This document reviews the use of lasers in non-surgical periodontal therapy. It discusses how lasers can be used to decontaminate and coagulate periodontal pockets to remove bacterial biofilms and support healing. Different types of lasers including diode, Nd:YAG, CO2, and erbium lasers are described. Treatment protocols involve using lasers for sulcular debridement and repeated decontamination of pockets over multiple appointments to thoroughly reduce the bacterial load and support tissue maturation. Lasers are shown to be bactericidal and improve periodontal health outcomes when used as an adjunct to conventional root debridement and as part of expanded infection therapy protocols.
Lateral flow assays using polymer microspheres have become a useful diagnostic tool for point-of-care testing due to their simplicity, low cost, and not requiring specialized equipment or training. Most lateral flow assays rely on nitrocellulose membranes and use gold particles or dyed polystyrene microspheres to capture analytes. Sensitivity can be improved by using larger or more intensely dyed microspheres. New types of fluorescent and superparamagnetic microspheres have potential to develop more sensitive lateral flow assays and quantitative readings.
This study evaluated the bactericidal effects of two novel laser wavelengths - a 980 nm diode laser and a 532 nm KTP laser - for endodontic treatment. Bacteria-inoculated dentin samples were irradiated with each laser at 1W and 1.5W output powers. Both lasers significantly reduced counts of E. coli bacteria, with greater reductions at 1.5W. Against more resistant E. faecalis, reductions were seen only at 1.5W. Temperature increases during irradiation were also measured. Scanning electron microscopy found no notable morphological changes to irradiated dentin. The lasers demonstrated effectiveness against bacteria in deep dentin layers and may be suitable additions to current endodont
This study assessed whether biostimulation with a diode laser regulates cementoblast functions such as proliferation and biomineralization. Cementoblasts treated with a diode laser showed increased survival and proliferation over time compared to untreated cells. The laser-treated cells also demonstrated more mineralized nodule formation. While further studies are needed, biostimulating cementoblasts with low-level lasers may positively impact periodontal regeneration by allowing cementoblasts to remain in the area longer to aid in new attachment formation.
Magnetic beads in MedLab Magazine issue 02.009Fabrice Sultan
The document discusses magnetic nanoparticles and microspheres, including Estapor® microspheres and MagPrep® particles, and their various applications. Estapor® microspheres offer advantages for immobilizing antibodies or antigens due to their ability to efficiently bind target molecules. Magnetic particles provide an alternative to conventional chromatography that allows automation and replacement of centrifugation or organic solvents with simple magnetic separation. Estapor® microspheres and MagPrep® particles combine these benefits with features like high magnetite content and a non-porous surface, enabling fast migration in magnetic fields while binding targets with high signal and low noise.
This study evaluated human gingival fibroblast and mesenchymal stem cell migration, proliferation, and membrane stiffness using perforated collagen membranes. Cells were cultured from gingival tissue and tested for surface markers. Migration was assessed using transwell assays with membranes perforated at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.7 mm. Proliferation was measured using MTT assays. Membrane stiffness was analyzed by tensile testing. Cell migration increased with larger perforations while proliferation was similar. Membranes remained stiff with perforations up to 0.7 mm. The results suggest perforated membranes could enhance regeneration by allowing cell migration but smaller pores may better prevent tissue ingrowth.
1) The study investigated the effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in liquid formulation versus gel formulation on osteoblast and periodontal ligament cell proliferation and differentiation.
2) Results showed that both EMD formulations increased cell proliferation, growth factor expression, and calcium deposition similarly.
3) Future research is needed to evaluate EMD liquid formulation combined with bone grafts for periodontal regeneration compared to the gel formulation.
The document discusses biomaterials and their applications. It provides examples of new biomaterials being used, such as marrow stem cells healing broken bones and doctors growing new jaws. It defines biomaterials and discusses their biocompatibility and how the host responds. It also discusses various biomaterial testing methods and regulations. Overall, the document provides an overview of biomaterials, their uses in medicine, associated testing and regulations.
Recent innovations in wound care include zip stitches, the Modular Adaptive Electrotherapy Delivery System (MAEDS), natural fiber reinforced biodegradable staples, biocompatible chitosan composites, and crab shell bandages. The document also discusses the top companies in wound care manufacturing, including 3M, Smith & Nephew, and ConvaTec. Novel approaches aim to accelerate wound healing through techniques like controlled electrotherapy delivery, reinforced biodegradable materials, antimicrobial properties, and blood clotting abilities derived from natural sources.
The document discusses recurrent corneal erosions (RCE), a condition characterized by episodic breakdown of the corneal epithelium resulting from inadequate epithelial-stromal attachments. It describes the history and classification of RCE and discusses the pathogenesis of RCE following trauma or epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. Signs and symptoms include recurrent episodes of pain, redness, photophobia and watering. Management involves conservative measures like lubrication or therapeutic contact lenses, with surgical techniques like debridement or anterior stromal puncture employed for more severe cases.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy aim at killing tumor cells or at least stopping their multiplication. Those therapies have strong limitations: first, their inherent toxicity is not limited to tumoral cells, but also affects healthy tissue; second, only the strongest and most resistant tumoral cells are able to survive, leading to increasingly aggressive tumors.
Evaluation of Microleakage and Microgap of Two Different Internal Implant–Abu...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Aim: The higher success rate (>90%) of dental implants over 5 years has made this treatment option favorable for dental surgeons as well as for patients. The present in vitro study was conducted to assess microleakage and microgap of two dissimilar internal implant–abutment associations.
Materials and methods: Forty dental implants were divided into two groups: trilobe internal connection fixtures in group I and internal hexagonal geometry fixtures in group II. For the immersion of implant abutment assemblies, sterilized tubes containing 4 mL of Staphylococcus aureus broth culture were incubated at 37°C for 2 weeks. Gram’s stain and biochemical reactions were used for identification of colonies.
Results: The mean log10 colony-forming unit (CFU) in group I was 8.6 and was 9.3 in group II. The disparity among two groups was found to be significant (p < 0.05). The mean microgap in group I was 7.2 μm and was 10.4 μm in group II. The disparity among the two groups was found
to be significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Authors found that microscopic space between implant and abutment may be the site of penetration of bacteria. There was significant higher log10 CFU in dental implant fixtures with an internal hexagonal geometry compared to the dental implant fixtures with a trilobe internal connection.
Current Status of Nanotechnology Methods Applied For Dental Implantsinventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This case report describes the successful management of a mandibular molar with lingual and furcal perforations complicated by formocresol-induced osteo-gingival necrosis, which was treated using a staged approach involving resorbable demineralized bone matrix and mineral trioxide aggregate. Three-year follow-up demonstrated resolution of the osseous defect and a healthy periodontium, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach.
3D cell culture allows for more natural cell-to-cell attachments and communication through gap junctions compared to 2D culture. This results in greater tissue differentiation and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation in 3D culture, whereas cells in 2D culture are more easily killed. A lab-on-a-chip integrates multiple laboratory functions onto a single microfluidic chip and offers advantages like lower reagent costs, portability, faster reactions, and lower fabrication costs compared to traditional labs.
This document summarizes a study on using natural nanotolith/bacterial cellulose scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration. Key findings include:
(b)
1) Bacterial cellulose and nanotolith gels were produced and combined to form bionanocomposite scaffolds.
2) Scanning electron microscopy showed the scaffolds had a 3D network of cellulose nanofibers.
3) Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured on the scaffolds. Cell adhesion was initially lower on scaffolds but viability increased over 28 days, showing the scaffolds support cell growth over time.
3D cell culture techniques for the tumor modelsDurgesh Jha
The document discusses 3D cell culture techniques for developing in vitro tumor models. It begins with an introduction to the advantages of 3D culture over 2D culture in mimicking the complex tumor microenvironment. Various 3D culture techniques are described, including spontaneous aggregation, liquid overlay, hanging drop method, and scaffold-based cultures. The mechanisms of spheroid formation and applications of 3D tumor models in cancer research are also summarized.
Nanotechnology shows promise for improving drug development and delivery. It allows manipulation of matter at the nanoscale to create new materials and target drugs to specific sites. Nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and other nanocarriers can encapsulate drugs and release them only in desired locations like cancer sites. This spares healthy tissues and improves efficacy. Nanotech is now used at all stages from formulation to clinical trials. It has led to once-daily antibiotics and tumor-targeted cancer drugs in clinical trials. Further research is still needed but nanotechnology may transform medicine by improving drug delivery and reducing side effects.
Use of AuNP's in image guided radiation therapy Syed Nayyer Alvi
This document summarizes a novel strategy for radiation therapy that uses gold nanoparticles targeted to tumor vasculature. The strategy aims to intensify damage to tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue. Gold nanoparticles are conjugated with a peptide targeting receptor expressed on tumor blood vessels. Confocal imaging shows the nanoparticles cause significant vascular damage in tumors when combined with radiation. In vivo experiments in mouse models demonstrate the nanoparticles accumulate in tumors and analysis shows increased tumor damage when the targeted nanoparticles are used with radiation therapy compared to radiation alone. The dual targeting strategy could help maximize tumor damage while reducing radiation doses and limiting damage to healthy tissues.
YIRS Copy-Electrospun Polyurethane Graft Porosity for Cellular Infiltration P...Erik Wennberg
1) The researchers tested two methods of adding sodium chloride to electrospun polyurethane scaffolds to create pores large enough for cell infiltration but did not achieve the target pore size of 50-100 μm.
2) Method 1, directly applying sodium chloride granules, produced larger pores when larger granules were used but did not reach the target. Method 2, electrospinning a polyurethane-sodium chloride solution, did not effectively introduce pores.
3) Future work may use larger sodium chloride granules or an alternative vertical electrospinning approach to help granules reach the collector and create larger pores.
Building on the sell-out success of the launch event, SMi Group is delighted to announce the return of 3D Cell Culture, taking place on 21st and 22nd of February 2018, in London UK.
3D Cell Culture is rapidly growing with incredible potential for industrial application and a widespread reach that can be seen across many different fields, such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics.
The 2nd annual conference will explore these overlapping areas and will combine pioneering breakthroughs with scientific research to strengthen your commercial success. Join us for exclusive insight into key topics such as disease models, organoids, organ-on-a-chip technologies, Ipsc advances and CRISPR technology. Notable speakers on the agenda for 2018 will include experts from Aurelia Bioscience, ReInnervate Ltd, Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, University College London, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Kugelmeiers, GSK, AstraZeneca, Roche and more!
Aristotle vs plutarch a comparison of solonian reformRegine Labog
Plutarch and Aristotle provide different but complementary accounts of Solon's reforms in ancient Athens. Both describe Solon establishing property classes, canceling debts, and granting new political powers to the lower classes. However, Plutarch includes more details on specific laws and emphasizes the chronology, while Aristotle focuses on the constitutional framework. Overall, their accounts agree on the major reforms but take different approaches reflecting their separate literary goals. Solon's poetry is also analyzed, with some passages used to corroborate historical events while others expressed his personal feelings.
Genevieve Aubuchon is an Abenaki girl who nurses wounded soldiers at Hotel-Dieu in Quebec, New France in 1759. She writes about the events in her diary, including the British taking of Quebec city and her brother and his friend joining the French army to fight. Both are wounded after a battle, with Etienne dying of his wounds. A wounded British lieutenant, Andrew Doig, comes to recover at Mme Claire's home where Genevieve lives. Genevieve and the lieutenant become friends, and after adjusting to the changes in New France, Genevieve later marries the British soldier.
The perfect solar design for a berkeley homeRegine Labog
This document provides an analysis of optimal solar system battery and panel choices for a client's home in Berkeley. Key points:
1. The analysis evaluates different battery types and selects the Premium Surrette battery as the optimal choice due to its lower lifetime cost despite higher initial cost.
2. When choosing solar panels, the analysis selects Evergreen 210W panels due to their lower cost per watt and environmental impact while still maintaining decent efficiency.
3. The recommendations conclude that the best option for the client is an on-grid system that sells excess power to PG&E, as it is the most feasible option within the client's budget. Going off-grid would require prohibitively expensive batteries.
Este documento presenta información sobre el concepto de números y dispositivos básicos para los números del 1 al 5. Incluye un enlace a un video sobre números y fue creado por Dora Luz Delgado para el Colegio San Ignacio el 31 de mayo de 2011.
The effect of pdms based microdevice channel width on plasmid dna transformat...Regine Labog
The document summarizes an experiment that studied the effect of microdevice channel width on plasmid DNA transformation efficiency in E. coli. Four PDMS microdevices with channel widths of 50 μm, 100 μm, 250 μm, and 500 μm were fabricated and used in chemical transformation trials. While transformation was successful, the data showed high variability and no clear relationship between channel width and transformation efficiency. Future work is needed to improve device design and experimental methods to better study the potential influence of channel width.
A novel microfluidic device for rapid melanoma diagnosisRegine Labog
This document describes a proposed microfluidic device for rapid melanoma diagnosis. The device uses cell lysis with SDS to extract mRNA from skin samples. Molecular beacons anchored in the device wells are used to detect five relevant melanoma genes from the extracted mRNA. If fluorescence is detected in the wells, it indicates the presence of those genes and suggests a positive melanoma diagnosis. The portable, quantitative device aims to improve current melanoma diagnostics by providing faster, less invasive results compared to standard pathological analysis methods. The microfluidic design incorporates mixing channels and molecular detection to analyze skin samples for potential melanoma markers at the point-of-care.
Engineering a bioartificial kidney utilizing a decellularized matrixRegine Labog
This document proposes engineering a bioartificial kidney using a decellularized donor kidney matrix that is then recellularized. Specifically:
1) A donor kidney would be decellularized using detergents to remove all cellular material while keeping the extracellular matrix intact.
2) Bone marrow-derived stem cells would be differentiated into kidney cell types then seeded sequentially onto the matrix to repopulate it.
3) The recellularized kidney would be cultured in a bioreactor to mimic physiology and test waste removal efficiency before potential transplantation.
4) Characterization of stem cell contribution and kidney function would be done through immunostaining and waste clearance measurements. The goal is to engineer a
The document discusses biomaterials and their applications. It provides examples of new biomaterials being used, such as marrow stem cells healing broken bones and doctors growing new jaws. It defines biomaterials and discusses their biocompatibility and how the host responds. It also discusses various biomaterial testing methods and regulations. Overall, the document provides an overview of biomaterials, their uses in medicine, associated testing and regulations.
Recent innovations in wound care include zip stitches, the Modular Adaptive Electrotherapy Delivery System (MAEDS), natural fiber reinforced biodegradable staples, biocompatible chitosan composites, and crab shell bandages. The document also discusses the top companies in wound care manufacturing, including 3M, Smith & Nephew, and ConvaTec. Novel approaches aim to accelerate wound healing through techniques like controlled electrotherapy delivery, reinforced biodegradable materials, antimicrobial properties, and blood clotting abilities derived from natural sources.
The document discusses recurrent corneal erosions (RCE), a condition characterized by episodic breakdown of the corneal epithelium resulting from inadequate epithelial-stromal attachments. It describes the history and classification of RCE and discusses the pathogenesis of RCE following trauma or epithelial basement membrane dystrophy. Signs and symptoms include recurrent episodes of pain, redness, photophobia and watering. Management involves conservative measures like lubrication or therapeutic contact lenses, with surgical techniques like debridement or anterior stromal puncture employed for more severe cases.
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy aim at killing tumor cells or at least stopping their multiplication. Those therapies have strong limitations: first, their inherent toxicity is not limited to tumoral cells, but also affects healthy tissue; second, only the strongest and most resistant tumoral cells are able to survive, leading to increasingly aggressive tumors.
Evaluation of Microleakage and Microgap of Two Different Internal Implant–Abu...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Aim: The higher success rate (>90%) of dental implants over 5 years has made this treatment option favorable for dental surgeons as well as for patients. The present in vitro study was conducted to assess microleakage and microgap of two dissimilar internal implant–abutment associations.
Materials and methods: Forty dental implants were divided into two groups: trilobe internal connection fixtures in group I and internal hexagonal geometry fixtures in group II. For the immersion of implant abutment assemblies, sterilized tubes containing 4 mL of Staphylococcus aureus broth culture were incubated at 37°C for 2 weeks. Gram’s stain and biochemical reactions were used for identification of colonies.
Results: The mean log10 colony-forming unit (CFU) in group I was 8.6 and was 9.3 in group II. The disparity among two groups was found to be significant (p < 0.05). The mean microgap in group I was 7.2 μm and was 10.4 μm in group II. The disparity among the two groups was found
to be significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Authors found that microscopic space between implant and abutment may be the site of penetration of bacteria. There was significant higher log10 CFU in dental implant fixtures with an internal hexagonal geometry compared to the dental implant fixtures with a trilobe internal connection.
Current Status of Nanotechnology Methods Applied For Dental Implantsinventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This case report describes the successful management of a mandibular molar with lingual and furcal perforations complicated by formocresol-induced osteo-gingival necrosis, which was treated using a staged approach involving resorbable demineralized bone matrix and mineral trioxide aggregate. Three-year follow-up demonstrated resolution of the osseous defect and a healthy periodontium, highlighting the effectiveness of this approach.
3D cell culture allows for more natural cell-to-cell attachments and communication through gap junctions compared to 2D culture. This results in greater tissue differentiation and resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation in 3D culture, whereas cells in 2D culture are more easily killed. A lab-on-a-chip integrates multiple laboratory functions onto a single microfluidic chip and offers advantages like lower reagent costs, portability, faster reactions, and lower fabrication costs compared to traditional labs.
This document summarizes a study on using natural nanotolith/bacterial cellulose scaffolds for dental tissue regeneration. Key findings include:
(b)
1) Bacterial cellulose and nanotolith gels were produced and combined to form bionanocomposite scaffolds.
2) Scanning electron microscopy showed the scaffolds had a 3D network of cellulose nanofibers.
3) Human dental pulp stem cells were cultured on the scaffolds. Cell adhesion was initially lower on scaffolds but viability increased over 28 days, showing the scaffolds support cell growth over time.
3D cell culture techniques for the tumor modelsDurgesh Jha
The document discusses 3D cell culture techniques for developing in vitro tumor models. It begins with an introduction to the advantages of 3D culture over 2D culture in mimicking the complex tumor microenvironment. Various 3D culture techniques are described, including spontaneous aggregation, liquid overlay, hanging drop method, and scaffold-based cultures. The mechanisms of spheroid formation and applications of 3D tumor models in cancer research are also summarized.
Nanotechnology shows promise for improving drug development and delivery. It allows manipulation of matter at the nanoscale to create new materials and target drugs to specific sites. Nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers, and other nanocarriers can encapsulate drugs and release them only in desired locations like cancer sites. This spares healthy tissues and improves efficacy. Nanotech is now used at all stages from formulation to clinical trials. It has led to once-daily antibiotics and tumor-targeted cancer drugs in clinical trials. Further research is still needed but nanotechnology may transform medicine by improving drug delivery and reducing side effects.
Use of AuNP's in image guided radiation therapy Syed Nayyer Alvi
This document summarizes a novel strategy for radiation therapy that uses gold nanoparticles targeted to tumor vasculature. The strategy aims to intensify damage to tumor tissue while sparing healthy tissue. Gold nanoparticles are conjugated with a peptide targeting receptor expressed on tumor blood vessels. Confocal imaging shows the nanoparticles cause significant vascular damage in tumors when combined with radiation. In vivo experiments in mouse models demonstrate the nanoparticles accumulate in tumors and analysis shows increased tumor damage when the targeted nanoparticles are used with radiation therapy compared to radiation alone. The dual targeting strategy could help maximize tumor damage while reducing radiation doses and limiting damage to healthy tissues.
YIRS Copy-Electrospun Polyurethane Graft Porosity for Cellular Infiltration P...Erik Wennberg
1) The researchers tested two methods of adding sodium chloride to electrospun polyurethane scaffolds to create pores large enough for cell infiltration but did not achieve the target pore size of 50-100 μm.
2) Method 1, directly applying sodium chloride granules, produced larger pores when larger granules were used but did not reach the target. Method 2, electrospinning a polyurethane-sodium chloride solution, did not effectively introduce pores.
3) Future work may use larger sodium chloride granules or an alternative vertical electrospinning approach to help granules reach the collector and create larger pores.
Building on the sell-out success of the launch event, SMi Group is delighted to announce the return of 3D Cell Culture, taking place on 21st and 22nd of February 2018, in London UK.
3D Cell Culture is rapidly growing with incredible potential for industrial application and a widespread reach that can be seen across many different fields, such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics.
The 2nd annual conference will explore these overlapping areas and will combine pioneering breakthroughs with scientific research to strengthen your commercial success. Join us for exclusive insight into key topics such as disease models, organoids, organ-on-a-chip technologies, Ipsc advances and CRISPR technology. Notable speakers on the agenda for 2018 will include experts from Aurelia Bioscience, ReInnervate Ltd, Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, University College London, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Kugelmeiers, GSK, AstraZeneca, Roche and more!
Aristotle vs plutarch a comparison of solonian reformRegine Labog
Plutarch and Aristotle provide different but complementary accounts of Solon's reforms in ancient Athens. Both describe Solon establishing property classes, canceling debts, and granting new political powers to the lower classes. However, Plutarch includes more details on specific laws and emphasizes the chronology, while Aristotle focuses on the constitutional framework. Overall, their accounts agree on the major reforms but take different approaches reflecting their separate literary goals. Solon's poetry is also analyzed, with some passages used to corroborate historical events while others expressed his personal feelings.
Genevieve Aubuchon is an Abenaki girl who nurses wounded soldiers at Hotel-Dieu in Quebec, New France in 1759. She writes about the events in her diary, including the British taking of Quebec city and her brother and his friend joining the French army to fight. Both are wounded after a battle, with Etienne dying of his wounds. A wounded British lieutenant, Andrew Doig, comes to recover at Mme Claire's home where Genevieve lives. Genevieve and the lieutenant become friends, and after adjusting to the changes in New France, Genevieve later marries the British soldier.
The perfect solar design for a berkeley homeRegine Labog
This document provides an analysis of optimal solar system battery and panel choices for a client's home in Berkeley. Key points:
1. The analysis evaluates different battery types and selects the Premium Surrette battery as the optimal choice due to its lower lifetime cost despite higher initial cost.
2. When choosing solar panels, the analysis selects Evergreen 210W panels due to their lower cost per watt and environmental impact while still maintaining decent efficiency.
3. The recommendations conclude that the best option for the client is an on-grid system that sells excess power to PG&E, as it is the most feasible option within the client's budget. Going off-grid would require prohibitively expensive batteries.
Este documento presenta información sobre el concepto de números y dispositivos básicos para los números del 1 al 5. Incluye un enlace a un video sobre números y fue creado por Dora Luz Delgado para el Colegio San Ignacio el 31 de mayo de 2011.
The effect of pdms based microdevice channel width on plasmid dna transformat...Regine Labog
The document summarizes an experiment that studied the effect of microdevice channel width on plasmid DNA transformation efficiency in E. coli. Four PDMS microdevices with channel widths of 50 μm, 100 μm, 250 μm, and 500 μm were fabricated and used in chemical transformation trials. While transformation was successful, the data showed high variability and no clear relationship between channel width and transformation efficiency. Future work is needed to improve device design and experimental methods to better study the potential influence of channel width.
A novel microfluidic device for rapid melanoma diagnosisRegine Labog
This document describes a proposed microfluidic device for rapid melanoma diagnosis. The device uses cell lysis with SDS to extract mRNA from skin samples. Molecular beacons anchored in the device wells are used to detect five relevant melanoma genes from the extracted mRNA. If fluorescence is detected in the wells, it indicates the presence of those genes and suggests a positive melanoma diagnosis. The portable, quantitative device aims to improve current melanoma diagnostics by providing faster, less invasive results compared to standard pathological analysis methods. The microfluidic design incorporates mixing channels and molecular detection to analyze skin samples for potential melanoma markers at the point-of-care.
Engineering a bioartificial kidney utilizing a decellularized matrixRegine Labog
This document proposes engineering a bioartificial kidney using a decellularized donor kidney matrix that is then recellularized. Specifically:
1) A donor kidney would be decellularized using detergents to remove all cellular material while keeping the extracellular matrix intact.
2) Bone marrow-derived stem cells would be differentiated into kidney cell types then seeded sequentially onto the matrix to repopulate it.
3) The recellularized kidney would be cultured in a bioreactor to mimic physiology and test waste removal efficiency before potential transplantation.
4) Characterization of stem cell contribution and kidney function would be done through immunostaining and waste clearance measurements. The goal is to engineer a
Hurricane Katrina was a powerful storm that caused catastrophic damage. It formed over warm ocean waters and gained strength through rising moist air which caused lower pressure and caused the air to spin into the iconic spiral shape. Satellites helped forecasters monitor its movement and intensification, tracking it as it approached New Orleans and the Gulf Coast, bringing deadly storm surge and high winds. Preparing for hurricane season involves making an emergency plan, building a disaster supply kit, and understanding home vulnerabilities to hazards like flooding and wind.
Continuum biomechanics modeling of homologue proteinsRegine Labog
This document summarizes a study that used COMSOL modeling to compare the biomechanical properties of actin and mreB proteins. The researchers modeled actin's helical twist and mreB's parallel structure to apply forces and measure displacement. The results showed mreB had significantly lower maximum displacement than actin, likely due to actin's flexibility from its twisted structure. This difference supports actin's role in eukaryotic cells requiring flexibility, while mreB provides rigid structure for bacterial cells.
Hurricane Katrina was a powerful storm that caused catastrophic damage. It formed over warm ocean waters and gained strength through rising moist air which caused lower pressure and caused the air to spin into the iconic spiral shape. Satellites helped forecasters monitor Katrina from space as it moved toward New Orleans, making landfall as a dangerous Category 3 storm, bringing severe winds and a deadly storm surge that flooded much of the city. People were advised to prepare disaster kits and evacuation plans for the 2011 hurricane season.
This summary provides an overview of the characters and plot of the book "The Breadwinner" by Deborah Ellis.
The book follows 11-year-old Parvana who lives with her family in Kabul, Afghanistan under Taliban rule. With the Taliban banning women from work and girls from school, Parvana dresses as a boy to support her family after her father is imprisoned. As the oldest daughter, Parvana takes on responsibilities of reading and selling items to make money. The story also introduces other characters like Parvana's sister Nooria and their friend Shauzia who all struggle under the Taliban's oppressive laws. The document provides background on the characters and storyline, which sees Parvana embarking on a journey
Dink and his friends go to meet their favorite author, Wallis Wallace, at a book signing event but find that Wallace is missing. They receive a letter hinting that Wallace has been kidnapped. Dink, Josh, Ruth Rose, and a writer named Mavis Green work together to investigate clues and discover that Mavis is actually Wallis Wallace in disguise. It was a plot devised by Wallace and her brother to gather inspiration and story ideas from watching the children solve the mystery.
The impact of technology in the gaming industryRegine Labog
This document provides an overview of gaming-on-demand and the video game industry. It discusses the history of video games and how the technology, society, and economy around gaming has changed over time. Currently, the largest businesses in the gaming market are general retailers, online retailers, specialty brick-and-mortar stores, and specialty online stores. Gaming-on-demand would allow users to stream high-end games over the internet to any device, eliminating the need for dedicated gaming hardware. However, issues around latency, bandwidth constraints, and piracy present barriers to the success of this business model.
- Zara is a major clothing brand owned by Spanish company Inditex that operates a unique fast fashion business model. Unlike other brands, Zara produces small quantities of clothing and replenishes stores frequently based on real-time customer feedback.
- Zara maintains control over its entire supply chain from design to manufacturing to distribution. This vertical integration allows it to produce and deliver new designs to stores within 2 weeks.
- For the US market, Zara should start with an aggressive online presence to test demand before opening physical stores focused on major coastal cities. An initial online-focused strategy allows it to learn customer preferences at lower cost and risk.
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A review on microfluidic immunoassays as rapid saliva based clinical diagnostics
1. Microfluidic
immunoassays
as
rapid
saliva-‐based
clinical
diagnostics
A
Review
on
Immunoassays
Regine
Labog
ABSTRACT
Point-‐of-‐care
diagnostics
have
benefited
immensely
from
microfluidic
devices.
Before
the
development
of
microfluidic
immunoassays
for
quantitatively
measuring
disease
through
biomarkers,
common
clinical
diagnostics
were
limited
to
binary
results
for
home
pregnancy
tests,
tuberculosis,
and
influenza.
This
paper
describes
an
advance
in
diagnostics
to
measure
a
biomarker
for
periodontal
disease
in
human
saliva.
This
research
could
be
developed
for
rapid,
reliable
measurement
of
analyzing
disease
markers
in
biological
fluids.
2. Introduction
Peridontal disease affects one or more of the periodontal tissues: alveolar bone,
periodontal ligament, cementum, and gingiva. Unlike other diseases, periodontal disease
is a combination of multiple disease processes that share a common clinical
manifestation. If not treated, it leads to tissue deterioration, loss of connective tissue
attachment, and aleveolar bone loss. Furthering diagnostics research with microdevices
can eventually be used to frequently monitor episodic disease progression, enable early
diagnosis of a disease, or continuously assess therapeutic efficacy.
This paper uses microdevices to find matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8)1, a
major tissue-destructive enzyme in periodontal disease, in samples of saliva. To improve
the assay’s sensitivity to the enzyme, saliva pretreatment of mixing, incubation, and
enrichment, was included before placing the solution in the quantitative immunoassay.
The microchip electrophoretic immunoassay (µCEI) core of the device is based on
photolithographically fabricated molecular sieving gels to enrich the saliva sample and
later resolve a fluorescent antibody from the MMP-8 antigen-to-antibody complex.
Using microfluidics for point of care applications require a platform that is easy to
use, portable, user-friendly, and cheap. Colorimetric detection can fulfill these
requirments.2
Immunoassays
–
Advantages
Most biological procedures normally require solutions to be in an immobilized,
biochemically active phase.3 Immobilization is key, especially for heterogeneous
immunoassays because it affects specificity and sensitivity. Switching from the
macroscale to microscale depends on three main categories for biomolecular
immobilization: surface modification of microfluidic channel walls, packing microfluidic
channels with biomolecule-bearing beads, and packing microfluidic channels with
biomolecule-bearing porous slabs. For mircofluidic bioanalytical assays that do not use
an immobilized phase, an assay based on the rate of diffusion of antibody-antigen
complexes4 in solution as well as a technique for maintaining beads in place in a
recirculating flowstream without permanently immobilizing them is needed5.
3. Research on portable microfluidic devices for clinical diagnostics is a growing
industry because of its massive potential. These diagnostic devices would have lower
manufacturing costs, decreased sample size (here, a small amount of saliva is more than
enough), reproducible, and greater throughput. With the development of point-of-care
microfluidic diagnostics, clients could perform more complex diagnoses in their own
homes.
Immunoassays
–
Disadvantages
A significant disadvantage for microfluidic immobilization systems is its inherent
irreversibility. A channel surface that has been chemically modified is difficult to
remove, renew, or add an immobilized flexibility. This trait limits the flexibility of device
manufacturing since each device must be made with a specific immobilized biochemistry
for a specific application. These devices also take longer to construct as they are more
complex and the physics for macroscale machines differ from microscale devices due to
the laminar flow present in a microdevice.
4. Peridontal
Disease
Peridontal disease is a
progression of gingivitis and
its main cause is poor oral
hygiene. It destroys the
gingival fibers which are the
gum tissues that separate the
tooth from the peridontal
pocket6. Microorganisms
colonize these pockets and
further inflammate the gum
tissues and bone loss. If it is
not diagnosed and treated in
time, the microbic plaque
calcifies to form tartar and
must be removed above and
below the gum.
The prevalent method for measuring periodontal disease is with a periodontal
probe. It is placed between the gums and the teeth and slipped about 2 to 3mm below the
gum line. A subject with a peridontal pocket deeper than 7mm risks eventual tooth loss
over the years. However, this disease could go on without recognition for many years.
Types
of
Immunoassays
Microarrays are commonly used to perform immunoassays. An immunoassay
typically immobilizes antibodies and exposes them to a biological sample. It is separated
into four different types: direct-binding, sandwich (ELISA), competitive, and
displacement.
Direct-binding is when the antibody is labeled, normally fluorescently, and binds
with the target antigen. This method is not only quicker, but also avoids cross-
contamination with a secondary antibody. However, direct-binding requires using every
antibody which can be expensive and time-consuming. Also, some antibodies may not
5. qualify for direct-binding.
Sandwich (ELISA) quantifies the amount of antigen between the primary and
secondary antibodies. The target antigen must have at least two sites to bind to the
primary and secondary antibody since both must act in the sandwich. This restricts
sandwich assays to antigens with multiple binding sites for antibodies, such as proteins or
polysaccharides. However, sandwich is useful when there are low concentrations of
target antigens or high concentrations of contaminating proteins.
Competitive is used when a target antigen does not have any "matched pair"
antibodies to bind to. Here, the higher the antigen concentration, the weaker the signal
since fewer antibodies will be able to bind to the antigen in the well. The major
advantage is that it can use crude or impure samples to selectively bind any antigen
present. For the purposes of this paper, a competitive immunoassay was used due to the
amount of contaminants in saliva.
Displacement uses a micro capillary passage that immobilizes the antibodies to
the antigen of interest. As more antigen displaces the labeled antigen, the displaced
labeled antigen is detected.
Microfluidic
Electrophoresis
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)7 uses a homogeneous phase immunoreaction,
which is normally very rapid due to mass transfer kinetics, followed by separation to
isolate and analyze the MMP-8 antigen. The unique fluid delivery capabilities of
microchip electrophoresis are necessary for automating immunoassays for use at the
point-of-care in the clinical environment. CE separates ionic species by their charge,
frictional forces, and hydrodynamic radius. Without CE, we would be unable to separate
the MMP-8 component from the rest of the saliva mixture.
6. The
Microchip
Electrophoretic
Immunoassay
(µCEI)
To include sample preparation and electrophoretic immunoassay on the same chip,
polymeric elements with certain physical patterns were photopatterned on class
microfluidic devices. The µCEI device consists of channels geared for specified
functions:
I. Sample Loading
II. Sample Enrichment
III. Rapid diffusive mixing of saliva with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody
[mAB] (MMP-8*)
IV. Subsequent Rapid Native Gel electrophoretic separation of MMP-8* from MMP-
8 complex.
Figure
1:
Multistep
Photopolymerization
of
µ CEI
Device
Fabrication
of
the
µ CEI
The three main regions fabricated were the size-exclusion membrane, a small pore-size
separation gel, and a larger pore-size loading gel.
Size-‐Exclusion
Membrane
This portion was fabricated using laser photopolymerization of a solution of acrylamide
monomer, cross-linker, and photoinitiator using pressure-driven flow.
7. Pore-‐Size
Separation
Gel
To define and localize the separation gel in the separation channel, all channels were
rinsed with a buffer and then pressure-loaded with the separation gel precursor solution.
UV photomasking was used to fabricate an intermediate porosity gel plug at the end of
the separation channel. Creating the plug resulted in a separation channel with separation
gel precursor and the elimination of bulk flow in the separation channel.
Pore-‐Size
Loading
Gel
The loading gel was made using photopolymerization of an unmasked chip with a 100-W
UV lamp.
Layout
of
µ CEI
Chip
The µCEI device is labeled for
sample (S), buffer (B), sample waste
(SW), buffer waste (BW), and the
fluorescently labeled monoclonal
antibody to MMP-8 (mAB*). After
a buffer priming step, the mAB* is
loaded into the size-exclusion
membrane followed by the saliva
sample, both through the large pore-
size loading gel. Once the two
solutions are mixed, an electric
potential is applied across the
membrane so that enriched species
go into the separation channel and
start the electrophoretic
immunoassay. Later, the electric
potential is switched to take out the
membrane from the current path.
Figure
2:
Layout
of
µ CEI Chip
8. Quantifying
µ CEI
Assays
The sensitivity and dynamic range of µCEI assays allow us to vary the duration of
sample enrichment at the membrane or the magnitude of electric potential applied when
performing the enrichment step. Quantifying MMP-8 is the first step to moving away
from the binary nature of Point-of-Care clinical diagnostics and will help in monitoring
the disease activity in real time.
Macroscale
Comparison
of
Healthy
and
Periodontally
Diseased
Individuals.
While competitive immunoassay was used on the µCEI device, a regular colorimetric
sandwich ELISA was used in the macroscale to find the amount of concentration of
MMP-8 in saliva from the subjects. The severity of periodontal disease was assessed
through clinical examination, bleeding upon probing, pocket depth, and radiographic
bone loss. The most notable differences between healthy and diseased patients were in
the mean pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. A device capable of reporting
dynamic periodontal disease activity can also improve treatment by more effectively
timing the MMP inhibitor therapy since MMP-8’s active phase is correlated with
collagen deterioration.
Future
Directions
Researchers are motivated to achieve the potential of microfluidic immunoassays in
clinical diagnostics in order to take advantage of its miniaturization, integration, and
automation. However to do so, they must integrate the fields of material characterization,
fabrication, liquid transportation, surface modification, immobilization, and detection and
optimize them. The following are points to consider for the future development of
microfluidic immunoassays.
9. Mass
Production
for
Wide
Use
Although
PDMS
is
the
go-‐to
polymer
for
microfluidic
research,
replicating
the
fabrication
process
takes
hours
of
time
that
would
limit
product
manufacturing.
In
order
to
make
massive
amounts
of
periodontal
disease
device
detectors,
other
techniques
for
should
be
produced
such
as
injection
molding
and
embossing.
Multiplexed
Assays
Single
chip
multiplexed
assays
are
an
important
feature
of
microfluidic
immunoassays.
There
have
been
recent
developments
for
a
suspension
array
for
a
multiplexed
immunoassay
with
Silica
Colloidal
Crystal
Beads
(SCCBs)8,9
that
show
different
reflective
spectra
as
colors.
Combining
microfluidic
devices
with
SCCBs
has
potential
for
clinical
applications
and,
regardless,
the
multiplexed
assay
will
remain
the
dominant
method
of
commercialization
for
microfluidic
immunoassays.
Surface
Modification
and
Immobilization
A
key
concern
for
immunoassays
is
the
nonspecific
adsorption
or
binding
to
molecules
instead
of
analytes,
which
affects
the
sensitivity
and
selectivity
of
the
assay.
The
competitive
immunoassay
is
a
good
alternative
for
impure
samples
and
the
advances
in
surface
chemistry
and
functional
modification
has
been
studied
extensively
enough
to
provide
a
solid
foundation
in
microfluidic
assays.
However
there
is
still
difficulty
in
surface
modification
and
immobilization
of
these
materials.
Purification
and
Concentration
As
mentioned
above,
the
complexity
and
small
amounts
of
antigens
in
samples
require
purification
and
concentration
procedures.
Microbeads
can
help
improve
sensitivity
and
helps
in
the
purification
process.
Their
increased
surface
area
and
10. ease
of
use
provide
a
promising
method
for
one-‐step
purification
and
concentration
in
a
microfluidic
immunoassay.10
Detection
Compared
to
other
microcomponents,
detection
systems
for
immunoassays
are
bulky
and
expensive.
Although
some
integrated
detection
systems11
have
been
developed,
the
cost,
sensitivity,
and
fabrication
processes
restrict
their
practical
applications.
Thus,
developing
miniature,
portable,
and
inexpensive
detection
systems
with
an
acceptable
sensitivity
for
microfluidic
devices
are
in
great
demand.
Integration,
Packaging,
and
Price
Ultimately,
the
ideal
microfluidic
point
of
care
device
is
one
that
is
integrated,
dispable,
and
cheap.
Most
devices
released
are
used
by
trained
lab
personnel
and
other
auxiliary
machines
are
needed.
These
are
large
barriers
for
commercial
applications
but
an
integrated
low-‐cost
microfluidic
immunoassays
with
multiplex
detection
function
is
possible,
with
further
research,
in
the
near
future.
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1
Microfluidic immunoassays as rapid saliva-based clinical diagnostics
Amy E. Herr†‡, Anson V. Hatch†, Daniel J. Throckmorton†, Huu M. Tran†, James S. Brennan†, William V. Giannobile§, and Anup
K. Singh†
†Biosystems Research Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94550; and §Michigan Center for Oral Research,
School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48106
Edited by Robert H. Austin, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved January 11, 2007 (received for review August 21,
2006)/5268–5273 ! PNAS ! March 27, 2007 ! vol. 104 ! no. 13
2
Taton, T. A.; Mirkin, C. A.; Letsinger, R. L. Scanometric DNA array de- tection with nanoparticle probes. Science 2000, 289(5485),
1757e1760.
3
“Smart” mobile affinity matrix for microfluidic immunoassays Noah Malmstadt, Allan S. Hoffman* and Patrick S. Stayton*
Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Received 27th November 2003, Accepted 12th March 2004 First published as an Advance Article on the web 6th April 2004
Lab Chip, 2004, 4, 412–415
4
A. Hatch, A. E. Kamholz, K. R. Hawkins, M. S. Munson, E. A.
Schilling, B. H. Weigl and P. Yager, Nat. Biotechnol., 2001, 19,
461–465.
5
G. L. Lettieri, A. Dodge, G. Boer, N. F. de Rooij and E. Verpoorte, Lab
Chip, 2003, 3, 34–39.
6
D'Aiuto F, Parkar M, Andreou G, Suvan J, Brett PM, Ready D, Tonetti MS. (2004). Periodontitis and systemic inflammation: control
of the local infection is associated with a reduction in serum inflammatory markers. J Dent Res. 83(2):156-60.
7
Microchip systems for immunoassay: an integrated immunoreactor with electrophoretic separation for serum theophylline
determination
Nghia H. Chiem and D. Jed Harrison*, Clinical Chemistry 44:3 591–598 (1998)
8
Zhao, Y,; Zhao, X. W.; Sun, C.; Li, J.; Zhu, R.; Gu, Z. Z. Encoded silica colloidal crystal beads as supports for potential multiplex
immunoassay. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80(5), 1598e1605.
9
Sun, C.; Zhao, X. W.; Zhao, Y. J.; Zhu, R.; Gu, Z. Z. Fabrication of colloidal crystal beads by a drop-breaking technique and their
applica- tion as bioassays. Small 2008, 4(5), 592e596.
10
Matsunaga, T.; Maeda, Y.; Yoshino, T.; Takeyama, H.; Takahashi, M.; Ginya, H.; Aasahina, J.; Tajima, H. Fully automated
immunoassay for detection of prostate-specific antigen using nano-magnetic beads and micro-polystyrene bead composites, ‘Beads on
Beads’. Anal. Chim. Acta 2007, 597(2), 331e339.
11
Hofmann, O.; Wang, X.; deMello, J. C.; Bradley, D. D. C.; deMello, A. J. Towards microalbuminuria determination on a disposable
diagnostic microchip with integrated fluorescence detection based on thin-film or- ganic light emitting diodes. Lab Chip 2005, 5(8),
863e868.