Bottom raise vertical jump test

1. A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF STANDARD AND NEWLY
DESIGNED VERTICAL JUMPING TESTS AMONG UNDER-
GRADUATION PHYSICAL EDUCATION TRAINEES
Dr.R.Kalidasan
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Education and Yoga
Bharathidasan University
Tiruchirappalli-620 024
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Vertical jump
Definition
‘a vertical jump or vertical leap is
the act of raising one's centre of
mass higher in the vertical plane
solely with the use of one's own
muscles; it is a measure of how
high an individual or athlete can
elevate off the ground (jump) from
a standstill’.

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Classification
•Standing vertical jump
•Running vertical jump

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Vertical jumping ability plays
decisive role in certain sports

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Vertical jump test
is a very common test for measuring
explosive leg power.

6. Dr. Dudley Allen Sargent
(1849-1924)
Pioneer and renowned researcher in Physical Education
President of the American Physical Education Association (4 terms)
Invented many kinds of exercise equipment
Vertical jump height is known as a Sargent Jump
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Vertical (Sargent) jump

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The jump height can be affected by
how much you bend your knees before jumping
the effective use of the arms

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males females
rating (inches) (cm) (inches) (cm)
excellent > 28 > 70 > 24 > 60
very good 24 - 28 61-70 20 - 24 51-60
above average 20 - 24 51-60 16 - 20 41-50
average 16 - 20 41-50 12 - 16 31-40
below average 12 - 16 31-40 8 - 12 21-30
poor 8 - 12 21-30 4 - 8 11-20
very poor < 8 < 21 < 4 < 11
Vertical Jump Norm Table

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Variations

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Variations (cont..)

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STUDIES ON VERTICAL JUMP
In the past several studies have been done on vertical jump
(Bosco, et. al., 1983; Tambalis, et. al., 2013; Ostojic, et. al.,
2010; and Lees et.al., 2004), which indicates that is a good
measure of strength, explosive power and muscle fibre
composition of lower limb joint musculatures, mainly of
ankle, knee and hip joints. Ugarkovic, et.al., (2002) observed
that vertical jump is one of the important tests for physical
abilities and Davis et.al., (2006) viewed that vertical jump
has often been used as a measure of current and potential
performance level of a player. Kraemer et.al., (2001) and
Markovic (2007) in their studies expressed that for vertical
jump performance, leg power is essential for successful
athletic performance, and also for daily activities and
occupational tasks.

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Objective of the study
To design a new vertical jumping test and to
compare this test with standard vertical
jumping test among under graduate physical
education trainees.
Why new test?
Test is easy to administer & collection of
data is very simple
Test could be administer with out any
equipment

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Subjects
Thirty male under graduate physical
education trainees studying in the
Department of Physical Education,
Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli,
Tamil Nadu State, India were randomly
selected as subjects and their age ranging
from 20 to 24 years

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Designing jumping test
Before designing a new jumping test,
a wide range of consultation with the experts
and literature analysis
were done by the investigator.
Several testing were also carried out to
fine tune this new jumping test item.

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The subject should stand at
least 6 inches away from the
wall and facing it with the
weight evenly distributed over
both feet.
A measurement scale is to
be fixed at bottom of the wall
in the ground, starting from
zero at the ground surface
level.
BOTTOM RAISE VERTICAL JUMP TEST

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The subject take this test with
canvas shoes and front side of the
shoes powdered with chalk can
facilitate the determination of
points touched on the wall.
During the testing the subject
can bend his knees before the
jump and can use his arms
effectively for better
performance.

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The subject take-off should be with both
legs from crouch / any other comfortable
position and both feet should go
simultaneously, tries to touches the wall at
best possible vertical distance and return to
the ground in same fashion.

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The test to be accurate, the
tester must ensure that both
feet touches the wall and
landing back on the ground
with legs nearly fully
extended.
The jump height is usually
recorded as distance score in
metres (or) centimetres.
The best of three trails can
be taken as individual score.

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Data collection and Statistical techniques
The jumping test namely vertical jump
and newly designed bottom raise vertical
jump test was conducted on all the
subjects.
The collected data were statistical
analysed using mean, standard deviation,
independent ‘t’ test and correlation.

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Test items Mean Standard
deviation
t r
Standard vertical
jump test (mts)
0.44 (±) 0.10
0.23 0.14
Bottom raise vertical
jump test (mts)
0.51 (±) 0.10
Table-I
MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, INDEPENDENT ‘T’ AND CORRELATION
VALUES OF COLLECTED DATA ON SELECTED VERTICAL JUMP TESTS
* Significant at 0.05 level of confidence

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The mean values indicate that bottom raise
vertical jump test was better than standard
vertical jump test.
When both ‘t’ and ‘r’ values were compared
with respective table values, the results
indicate that there were no statistical
significant differences or relationship among
these two test respectively.

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Limitation
This study was limited to only
thirty male subjects, and it was
basically a pilot work, hence it is
recommended that in future this
study may be conducted with large
sample (hence results cannot be
generalised for all).

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Leonel Marshall
(50 inches = 1.27 m)
Cuban professional
Volleyball player
Kadour Ziani
(60 inches = 1.52 m)
Professional Basket ball
dunker

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Conclusion
The mean values indicate that bottom raise
vertical jump test was better than standard
vertical jump test, which may taken as a trend
and extensive work may be carried out with
larger sample at different levels will give actual
trend.
However both ‘t’ and ‘r’ values indicate that
there were no statistical significant differences
or relationship among these two test
respectively.

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Reference
Baker, D. (1995). Selecting the appropriate exercises and loads for speed-strength development. Strength and
Conditioning Coach, 3: 8–15.
Bosco C, Komi PV, Tihanyi J, Fekete G, Apor P. (1983) Mechanical power test and fiber composition of human leg
extensor muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol., 51(1):129-35.
Davis DS, Bosley EE, Gronell LC, Keeney SA, Rossetti AM, Mancinelli CA, et. al. (2006). The relationship of body
segment length and vertical jump displacement in recreational athletes. J Strength Cond Res., 20(1):136-40.
Hanjabam B, Kailashiya J. (2015). Gender difference in fatigue index and its related physiology. Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol, 59(2):170-74.
KIN 335 – BIOMECHANICS, LAB: Measurements of Vertical Jumping Performance. retrieved on 24th February
2018 from https://www.asu.edu/courses/kin335/documents/Vertical%20jump%20lab.pdf
Klavora P. (2000). Vertical jump tests: a critical review. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 22(5):70-74.
Kraemer WJ, Mazzetti SA, Nindl BC, Gotshalk LA, Volek JS, Bush JA, et al. (2001). Effect of resistance training on
women’s strength/power and occupational performances. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 3(6):1011-
25.
Lees A, Vanrenterghem J, De Clercq D. (2004). The maximal and submaximal vertical jump: Implications for
strength and conditioning. J Strength Cond Res., 18(4):787-91.
Markovic G. (2007). Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height? A meta-analytical review. Br J Sports
Med, 41(6):349-55.
NFL Combine: Workouts and drills. Retrieved 2014-04-07 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_jump
Ostojic SM, Stojanovic M, Ahmetovic Z. (2010). Vertical jump as a tool in assessment of muscular power and
anaerobic performance. Med Pregl., 63(5-6):371-75.
Tambalis KD, Panagiotakos DB, Arnaoutis G, Sidossis LS. (2013) Endurance, explosive power, and muscle strength
in relation to body mass index and physical fitness in Greek children aged 7-10 years. Pediatr Exerc Sci., 25(3):394-
406.
Ugarkovic D, Matavulj D, Kukolj M, Jaric S. (2002). Standard anthropometric, body composition, and strength
variables as predictors of jumping performance in elite junior athletes. J Strength Cond Res., 16 (2):227-30.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Bharathidasan University administration
BDU HOD-PE and other staff members
BDU Guest faculty members
BDU Non teaching staff members
BDU Ph.D. Scholars (FT)
BDU B.P.Ed. trainees

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