This Paper Presents A whole New resonant twin active bridge(DAB) topology, that uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor(LCL) network. As compared to ancient DAB topologies, the planned topologies significantly reduced the bridge current, lowering every physical phenomenon and alter losses and conjointly VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model at a lower place varied operational conditions. Experiment results of a model is reduced the outflow current of the circuit. are presented with discussion to demonstrate the improved performance of the LCL DAB topology. Result clearly that the planned DAB Topology provide higher efficiency over an oversized vary of every input voltage and as compared to ancient DAB topology
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic approach in developing a new switching look-up table for direct power control (DPC) strategy applied to the three-phase grid connected three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier. The term of PWM rectifier used in this paper is also known as AC-DC converter. The approach provides detailed information regarding the effects of each multilevel converter space vector to the distribution of input active and reactive power in the converter system. Thus, the most optimal converter space vectors are able to be selected by the switching look-up table, allowing smooth control of the active and reactive powers for each sector. In addition, the proposed DPC utilizes an NPC capacitor balanced strategy to enhance the performance of front-end AC-DC converter during load and supply voltage disturbances. The steady state as well as the dynamic performances of the proposed DPC are presented and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the AC-DC converter utilizing the new look-up table is able to produce almost sinusoidal line currents with lower current total harmonic distortion, unity power factor operation, adjustable DC-link output voltage and good dynamic response during load disturbance.
This paper deals with comparison of responses of PI and Proportional Resonant controlled DC to AC Converter systems. The objective of this work is to regulate the output of Dual Active Bridge DC to DC converter (DABDAC). The input DC is converted into high frequency AC using Half bridge inverter. It is stepped up by using step up transformer and then it is rectified. The DC is converted into Low frequency AC using a Half bridge inverter. The open loop DABDAC system, closed loop PI based DABDAC system an Proportional Resonant Controller (PRC)based DABDAC system are designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The results of PR controlled system are compared with those of PI controlled system. The results indicate that the proposed PRC-DABDAC has better time domain response than PI controlled DABDAC system. The proposed DABDAC system has advantages like high gain and steady state error in output voltage.
A Novel Approach of Position Estimation and Power Factor Corrector Converter ...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a Power factor Corrected (PFC) Bridgeless Buck-Boost converter fed BLDC motor drive. The Bridgeless configuration eliminates the Diode Bridge Rectifier in order to reduce the number of components and the conduction loss. The position sensors used in BLDC drives have drawbacks of additional cost, mechanical alignment problems. These bottle necks results in sensorless technique. The Sensorless technique mostly relies on measurement of Back EMF to determine relative positions of stator and rotor for the correct coil energising sequence can be implemented. This paper introduces the offline Finite Element method for sensorless operation. The proposed sensorless scheme estimates the motor position at standstill and running condition. The obtained Power Factor is within the acceptable limits IEC 61000-3-2. The proposed drive is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink the obtained results are validated experimentally on a developed prototype of the drive.
Extremely high duty cycle of boost converter may result in higher conduction losses. To achieve a high
conversion ratio without operating at extremely high duty ratio, some converters based on transformers or coupled
inductors or tapped inductors have been provided. However, the leakage inductance in the transformer, coupled
inductor or tapped inductor will cause high voltage spikes in the switches and reduce system efficiency. A novel
single switch cascaded dc-dc converter of boost and buck boost converters have extended voltage conversion ratio
to d/(1-d)2. The features of the converter are high voltage gain; only one switch for realizing the converter, the
number of magnetic components is small etc. So comparing with other topologies cascaded converter is more
effective. Simulation of the converter for a dc input voltage and fixed duty cycle was done, and the same was
verified experimentally for a low input voltage. The software used for simulation was MatlabR2014a
An improved closed loop hybrid phase shift controller for dual active bridge ...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new closed loop hybrid phase shift control is proposed for dual active bridge (DAB) converter with variable input voltage. The extended phase shift (EPS) control is applied when load gets heavy enough and the secondary side phase shift angle decreases to zero. When this modified DAB converter operates at light loads, the triple phase shift (TPS) modulation method is applied, and the added control freedom is the secondary phase shift angle between the two-secondary side switching legs. The hybrid phase shift control (HPS) scheme is a combination of EPS and TPS modulations, and it provides a very simple closed form implementation for the primary and secondary side phase shift angles. Depending on the application by changing the phase shift angles we can achieve Buck or Boost operation. A characteristic table feedback control method has been used for closed loop operation. By using 1D look up table the proposed DAB converter provides constant 400V for any given input voltage.
This paper presents a comprehensive and systematic approach in developing a new switching look-up table for direct power control (DPC) strategy applied to the three-phase grid connected three-level neutral-point clamped (3L-NPC) pulse width modulated (PWM) rectifier. The term of PWM rectifier used in this paper is also known as AC-DC converter. The approach provides detailed information regarding the effects of each multilevel converter space vector to the distribution of input active and reactive power in the converter system. Thus, the most optimal converter space vectors are able to be selected by the switching look-up table, allowing smooth control of the active and reactive powers for each sector. In addition, the proposed DPC utilizes an NPC capacitor balanced strategy to enhance the performance of front-end AC-DC converter during load and supply voltage disturbances. The steady state as well as the dynamic performances of the proposed DPC are presented and analyzed by using MATLAB/Simulink software. The results show that the AC-DC converter utilizing the new look-up table is able to produce almost sinusoidal line currents with lower current total harmonic distortion, unity power factor operation, adjustable DC-link output voltage and good dynamic response during load disturbance.
This paper deals with comparison of responses of PI and Proportional Resonant controlled DC to AC Converter systems. The objective of this work is to regulate the output of Dual Active Bridge DC to DC converter (DABDAC). The input DC is converted into high frequency AC using Half bridge inverter. It is stepped up by using step up transformer and then it is rectified. The DC is converted into Low frequency AC using a Half bridge inverter. The open loop DABDAC system, closed loop PI based DABDAC system an Proportional Resonant Controller (PRC)based DABDAC system are designed, modeled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink. The results of PR controlled system are compared with those of PI controlled system. The results indicate that the proposed PRC-DABDAC has better time domain response than PI controlled DABDAC system. The proposed DABDAC system has advantages like high gain and steady state error in output voltage.
A Novel Approach of Position Estimation and Power Factor Corrector Converter ...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes a Power factor Corrected (PFC) Bridgeless Buck-Boost converter fed BLDC motor drive. The Bridgeless configuration eliminates the Diode Bridge Rectifier in order to reduce the number of components and the conduction loss. The position sensors used in BLDC drives have drawbacks of additional cost, mechanical alignment problems. These bottle necks results in sensorless technique. The Sensorless technique mostly relies on measurement of Back EMF to determine relative positions of stator and rotor for the correct coil energising sequence can be implemented. This paper introduces the offline Finite Element method for sensorless operation. The proposed sensorless scheme estimates the motor position at standstill and running condition. The obtained Power Factor is within the acceptable limits IEC 61000-3-2. The proposed drive is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink the obtained results are validated experimentally on a developed prototype of the drive.
Extremely high duty cycle of boost converter may result in higher conduction losses. To achieve a high
conversion ratio without operating at extremely high duty ratio, some converters based on transformers or coupled
inductors or tapped inductors have been provided. However, the leakage inductance in the transformer, coupled
inductor or tapped inductor will cause high voltage spikes in the switches and reduce system efficiency. A novel
single switch cascaded dc-dc converter of boost and buck boost converters have extended voltage conversion ratio
to d/(1-d)2. The features of the converter are high voltage gain; only one switch for realizing the converter, the
number of magnetic components is small etc. So comparing with other topologies cascaded converter is more
effective. Simulation of the converter for a dc input voltage and fixed duty cycle was done, and the same was
verified experimentally for a low input voltage. The software used for simulation was MatlabR2014a
Design of Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Low Voltage Dc ApplicationsIOSRJEEE
An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flying- capacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.
Comparison of Buck-Boost and Cuk Converters for BLDC Drive Applications with PFCIJMTST Journal
The devices generally used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to undergo rectification for their proper functioning and operation. Hence there is a need to reduce the line current harmonics so as to improve the power factor of the system. This has led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. This project presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter-fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications. The conventional PFC scheme of the BLDC motor drive utilizes a pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) for speed control with a constant dc link voltage. This offers higher switching losses in VSI as the switching losses increase as a square function of switching frequency. A BL configuration of the buck–boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the conduction losses associated with it. A PFC BL buck–boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. The simulation results are presented by using Matlab/Simulink software. The proposed concept can be extended with cuk converter for BLDC drive applications using Matlab/Simulink software
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based D...IJERA Editor
Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the
configurations of the diode-clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverters. This paper presents a threephase,
five-level and seven level cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter based active filter for power line
conditioning to improve power quality in the distribution network. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the
power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier
Load (NLDRL). The compensation process is based on concept of p-q theory. A CHB Inverter is considered for
shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level shifted PWM (LSPWM) and phase shifted
PWM (PSPWM) techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter. The results are
obtained through Matlab/Simulink software package.
Design and implementation of Closed Loop Control of Three Phase Interleaved P...IJMTST Journal
A single-phase, three-level, single-stage power-factor corrected AC/DC converter operated under closed
loop manner is presented. That operates with a single controller to regulate the output voltage and the input
inductor act as a boost inductor to have a single stage power factor correction with good output response. The
paper deals with a new single stage three level ac-dc converter which performs both power factor correction
and voltage regulation in a single stage. The proposed converter has two separate controllers, one for power
factor correction and the other for regulating the output voltage. A comprehensive review of the existing single
stage topologies has been carried out. Then the operating principle, control scheme and the design of the new
converter are presented. The proposed converter is having an input power factor close to unity and better
voltage regulation compared to the conventional ac-dc converter topologies. Proposed topology is evaluated
through Matlab/Simulink platform and simulation results are conferred.
This paper proposes two new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters with high voltage-gain and low ripple. All simplifications reduce the number of active switching devices from 2N into N, where N is the phase number. The first simplification reduces the number of inductors from 2N into N+1 and increases the number of diodes from 2N into (2N+1). The second simplification reduces the number of inductors from 2N into N+1 and increases the number of diodes from 2N into (3N+1). The second simplification needs inductors with smaller current rating than the first simplification. The expressions of output voltage as a function of load current are derived by taking into account the voltage drops across the inductors and switching power devices. Simulated and experimental results are included to show the basic performance of the proposed cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This paper presents the simulation design of dc/dc interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By employin the interleaved structure, the input current stresses to switching devices were reduced and this signified to a switching conduction loss reduction. All the parameters had been calculated theoretically. The proposed converter circuit was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice software programmes. The converter circuit model, with specifications of output power of 200 W, input voltage range from 10~60 V, and operates at 100 kHz switching frequency was simulated to validate the designed parameters. The results showed that the main switches of the model converter circuit achieved ZVS conditions during the interleaving operation. Consequently, the switching losses in the main switching devices were reduced. Thus, the proposed converter circuit model offers advantages of input current stress and switching loss reductions. Hence, based on the designed parameters and results, the converter model can be extended for hardware implementation.
IEEE 2015-15 Power Electronics and Power System Project titles for ME and BE Students,Bangalore.power electronics and power system projects in bangalore.
Reactive Power Compensation in 132kv & 33kv Grid of Narsinghpur Areaijceronline
Power Sector is considered to be very important and priority sector as it leads to overall development of country. The cost of installation of new generating units is rising; hence generated electrical energy has to be utilized carefully and efficiently, which changes through each AC cycle. It is proposed to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur, to assess its adequacy and saving in transmission losses. An optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system shall be worked out. Load Flow Study for the effect of group shunt compensation provided on 132KV bus of 220KV sub-station Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132KV sub stations Srinagar, Narsinghpur, Gadarwara and Burman sub-stations for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from partial grid network in Narsinghpur district. If reactive power is supplied near the load, the line current can be reduced or minimized, reducing power losses and improving voltage regulation at the load terminals. The leading current drawn by the shunt capacitors compensates the lagging current drawn by the load. The selection of shunt capacitors depends on many factors, the most important of which is the amount of lagging reactive power taken by the load. Objective was to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur and to assess the adequacy and saving in transmission losses & to work out an optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system. Depending on the stages of 'ON' and 'OFF', operations to be carried out in various permutations and combinations of shunt compensators i.e. switchable capacitor banks provided on 132 KV bus of 220KV substation Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132 KV substations
A Novel Control Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner Using Nine-Switc...IJERA Editor
A nine-switch power converter having two sets of out-put terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maxi-mal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in experiment, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced semiconductor cost.
Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal...paperpublications3
Abstract: This article deals with a transformerless buck-boost converter with simple structure. By inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter new converter is obtained. Compared with the traditional buck-boost converter, its voltage gain is quadratic of the traditional buck-boost converter. It can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this transformerless buck-boost converter is common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive. The two power switches of the proposed buck-boost converter operate synchronously. The operating principles and the steady-state analyses for the buck-boost converter operating in CCM are presented. The PSIM simulations are provided to compare and validate the effectiveness of the buck-boost converter.
Keywords: Buck-Boost, Transformerless, Positive Output Voltage, Quadratic Gain.
Title: Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal Duty Ratio
Author: Aleena Paul K, Prof.Sini Paul, Prof.Geethu James
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
A Integrated Technique of SIDO PFC Fly back Converter in power systemIJMTST Journal
Energy saving is the major international efforts to control down the global warming .Power electronics based devices has being improving day by day for saving the electrical energy in the power grids. The govt. of India is also contributing several projects based on energy conservation. The Designing of a single-inductor dual output (SIDO) fly-back power factor correction (PFC) converter is proposed, in which the PFC and power conversion are done at the same time, multiplexing of a single-inductor is implemented through which each output can be regulated independently. The converter will be operating under in critical conduction mode (CRM). A SIDO PFC converter is a system of dual efficient DC output obtained from the AC source, it can also be replaced by solar panel and our system is capable of running a dc motor also, fly back converter can be used in both ac-dc and dc-dc conversion process. The efficiency along with power factor, total harmonic distortion (THD), settling time and output accuracy of this converter will be improved by implementing the neural network as controllers in the system
Simulation of a 13-Level Inverter with Facts Capability for Distributed Energ...IJMTST Journal
This Paper Presents A whole New resonant twin active bridge(DAB) topology, that uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor(LCL) network. As compared to ancient DAB topologies, the planned topologies significantly reduced the bridge current, lowering every physical phenomenon and alter losses and conjointly VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model at a lower place varied operational conditions. Experiment results of a model is reduced the outflow current of the circuit. are presented with discussion to demonstrate the improved performance of the LCL DAB topology. Result clearly that the planned DAB Topology provide higher efficiency over an oversized vary of every input voltage and as compared to ancient DAB topology
Design of Half Bridge LLC Resonant Converter for Low Voltage Dc ApplicationsIOSRJEEE
An advanced hybrid LLC series resonant converter with united flying-capacitor cell is proposed in this paper to permit the high step-down conversion in the high input voltage applications. The in-built flyingcapacitor branch in the primary side can efficiently share out the primary switch voltage stress related with the half-bridge LLC converters. And the input voltage can be shared correspondingly and automatically between the two series half-bridge components lacking additional balance circuit or control strategies owing to the built-in flying- capacitor cell. Likewise, the inherent soft switching performance in extensive load range that exists in the LLC converters is still kept to decrease the switching losses, which ensures the high efficiency. In addition, the proposed converter can be comprehensive to reduce the switch voltage stress byemploying stacked connection. Finally, a 500∼640 Vinput 48 Voutput 1 kW prototype is built and tested to verify the efficiency of the proposed converter. The results prove that the proposed converter is an excellent candidate for the high input voltage and high step-down dc/dc conversion systems.
Comparison of Buck-Boost and Cuk Converters for BLDC Drive Applications with PFCIJMTST Journal
The devices generally used in industrial, commercial and residential applications need to undergo rectification for their proper functioning and operation. Hence there is a need to reduce the line current harmonics so as to improve the power factor of the system. This has led to designing of Power Factor Correction circuits. This project presents a power factor corrected (PFC) bridgeless (BL) buck–boost converter-fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive as a cost-effective solution for low-power applications. The conventional PFC scheme of the BLDC motor drive utilizes a pulse width-modulated voltage source inverter (PWM-VSI) for speed control with a constant dc link voltage. This offers higher switching losses in VSI as the switching losses increase as a square function of switching frequency. A BL configuration of the buck–boost converter is proposed which offers the elimination of the diode bridge rectifier, thus reducing the conduction losses associated with it. A PFC BL buck–boost converter is designed to operate in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) to provide an inherent PFC at ac mains. The simulation results are presented by using Matlab/Simulink software. The proposed concept can be extended with cuk converter for BLDC drive applications using Matlab/Simulink software
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Power Quality Improvement Using Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Based D...IJERA Editor
Cascaded multilevel configuration of the inverter has the advantage of its simplicity and modularity over the
configurations of the diode-clamped and flying capacitor multilevel inverters. This paper presents a threephase,
five-level and seven level cascaded multilevel voltage source inverter based active filter for power line
conditioning to improve power quality in the distribution network. The DSTATCOM helps to improve the
power factor and eliminate the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) drawn from a Non-Liner Diode Rectifier
Load (NLDRL). The compensation process is based on concept of p-q theory. A CHB Inverter is considered for
shunt compensation of a 11 kV distribution system. Finally a level shifted PWM (LSPWM) and phase shifted
PWM (PSPWM) techniques are adopted to investigate the performance of CHB Inverter. The results are
obtained through Matlab/Simulink software package.
Design and implementation of Closed Loop Control of Three Phase Interleaved P...IJMTST Journal
A single-phase, three-level, single-stage power-factor corrected AC/DC converter operated under closed
loop manner is presented. That operates with a single controller to regulate the output voltage and the input
inductor act as a boost inductor to have a single stage power factor correction with good output response. The
paper deals with a new single stage three level ac-dc converter which performs both power factor correction
and voltage regulation in a single stage. The proposed converter has two separate controllers, one for power
factor correction and the other for regulating the output voltage. A comprehensive review of the existing single
stage topologies has been carried out. Then the operating principle, control scheme and the design of the new
converter are presented. The proposed converter is having an input power factor close to unity and better
voltage regulation compared to the conventional ac-dc converter topologies. Proposed topology is evaluated
through Matlab/Simulink platform and simulation results are conferred.
This paper proposes two new simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters with high voltage-gain and low ripple. All simplifications reduce the number of active switching devices from 2N into N, where N is the phase number. The first simplification reduces the number of inductors from 2N into N+1 and increases the number of diodes from 2N into (2N+1). The second simplification reduces the number of inductors from 2N into N+1 and increases the number of diodes from 2N into (3N+1). The second simplification needs inductors with smaller current rating than the first simplification. The expressions of output voltage as a function of load current are derived by taking into account the voltage drops across the inductors and switching power devices. Simulated and experimental results are included to show the basic performance of the proposed cascade multiphase DC-DC boost power converters.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This paper presents the simulation design of dc/dc interleaved boost converter with zero-voltage switching (ZVS). By employin the interleaved structure, the input current stresses to switching devices were reduced and this signified to a switching conduction loss reduction. All the parameters had been calculated theoretically. The proposed converter circuit was simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink and PSpice software programmes. The converter circuit model, with specifications of output power of 200 W, input voltage range from 10~60 V, and operates at 100 kHz switching frequency was simulated to validate the designed parameters. The results showed that the main switches of the model converter circuit achieved ZVS conditions during the interleaving operation. Consequently, the switching losses in the main switching devices were reduced. Thus, the proposed converter circuit model offers advantages of input current stress and switching loss reductions. Hence, based on the designed parameters and results, the converter model can be extended for hardware implementation.
IEEE 2015-15 Power Electronics and Power System Project titles for ME and BE Students,Bangalore.power electronics and power system projects in bangalore.
Reactive Power Compensation in 132kv & 33kv Grid of Narsinghpur Areaijceronline
Power Sector is considered to be very important and priority sector as it leads to overall development of country. The cost of installation of new generating units is rising; hence generated electrical energy has to be utilized carefully and efficiently, which changes through each AC cycle. It is proposed to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur, to assess its adequacy and saving in transmission losses. An optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system shall be worked out. Load Flow Study for the effect of group shunt compensation provided on 132KV bus of 220KV sub-station Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132KV sub stations Srinagar, Narsinghpur, Gadarwara and Burman sub-stations for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from partial grid network in Narsinghpur district. If reactive power is supplied near the load, the line current can be reduced or minimized, reducing power losses and improving voltage regulation at the load terminals. The leading current drawn by the shunt capacitors compensates the lagging current drawn by the load. The selection of shunt capacitors depends on many factors, the most important of which is the amount of lagging reactive power taken by the load. Objective was to study the effect of group shunt compensation provided for the mix of rural and urban loads, catered from grid sub-stations in the district of Narsinghpur and to assess the adequacy and saving in transmission losses & to work out an optimum combination of compensators which yields maximum benefits in the system. Depending on the stages of 'ON' and 'OFF', operations to be carried out in various permutations and combinations of shunt compensators i.e. switchable capacitor banks provided on 132 KV bus of 220KV substation Narsinghpur and on 33KV buses of 132 KV substations
A Novel Control Method for Unified Power Quality Conditioner Using Nine-Switc...IJERA Editor
A nine-switch power converter having two sets of out-put terminals was recently proposed in place of the traditional back-to-back power converter that uses 12 switches in total. The nine-switch converter has already been proven to have certain advantages, in addition to its component saving topological feature. Despite these advantages, the nine-switch converter has so far found limited applications due to its many perceived performance tradeoffs like requiring an oversized dc-link capacitor, limited amplitude sharing, and constrained phase shift between its two sets of output terminals. Instead of accepting these tradeoffs as limitations, a nine-switch power conditioner is proposed here that virtually “converts” most of these topological short comings into interesting performance advantages. Aiming further to reduce its switching losses, an appropriate discontinuous modulation scheme is proposed and studied here in detail to doubly ensure that maxi-mal reduction of commutations is achieved. With an appropriately designed control scheme then incorporated, the nine-switch converter is shown to favorably raise the overall power quality in experiment, hence justifying its role as a power conditioner at a reduced semiconductor cost.
Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal...paperpublications3
Abstract: This article deals with a transformerless buck-boost converter with simple structure. By inserting an additional switched network into the traditional buck-boost converter new converter is obtained. Compared with the traditional buck-boost converter, its voltage gain is quadratic of the traditional buck-boost converter. It can operate in a wide range of output voltage, that is, the proposed buck-boost converter can achieve high or low voltage gain without extreme duty cycle. Moreover, the output voltage of this transformerless buck-boost converter is common-ground with the input voltage, and its polarity is positive. The two power switches of the proposed buck-boost converter operate synchronously. The operating principles and the steady-state analyses for the buck-boost converter operating in CCM are presented. The PSIM simulations are provided to compare and validate the effectiveness of the buck-boost converter.
Keywords: Buck-Boost, Transformerless, Positive Output Voltage, Quadratic Gain.
Title: Transformerless Buck-Boost Converter With Positive Output Voltage and Nominal Duty Ratio
Author: Aleena Paul K, Prof.Sini Paul, Prof.Geethu James
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
A Integrated Technique of SIDO PFC Fly back Converter in power systemIJMTST Journal
Energy saving is the major international efforts to control down the global warming .Power electronics based devices has being improving day by day for saving the electrical energy in the power grids. The govt. of India is also contributing several projects based on energy conservation. The Designing of a single-inductor dual output (SIDO) fly-back power factor correction (PFC) converter is proposed, in which the PFC and power conversion are done at the same time, multiplexing of a single-inductor is implemented through which each output can be regulated independently. The converter will be operating under in critical conduction mode (CRM). A SIDO PFC converter is a system of dual efficient DC output obtained from the AC source, it can also be replaced by solar panel and our system is capable of running a dc motor also, fly back converter can be used in both ac-dc and dc-dc conversion process. The efficiency along with power factor, total harmonic distortion (THD), settling time and output accuracy of this converter will be improved by implementing the neural network as controllers in the system
Simulation of a 13-Level Inverter with Facts Capability for Distributed Energ...IJMTST Journal
This Paper Presents A whole New resonant twin active bridge(DAB) topology, that uses a tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor(LCL) network. As compared to ancient DAB topologies, the planned topologies significantly reduced the bridge current, lowering every physical phenomenon and alter losses and conjointly VA rating associated with the bridges. The performance of the DAB is investigated using a mathematical model at a lower place varied operational conditions. Experiment results of a model is reduced the outflow current of the circuit. are presented with discussion to demonstrate the improved performance of the LCL DAB topology. Result clearly that the planned DAB Topology provide higher efficiency over an oversized vary of every input voltage and as compared to ancient DAB topology
Las bursas son estructuras anatómicas en forma de bolsa, llenas de líquido, ubicadas en sitios tisulares donde los tendones o los músculos pasan sobre prominencias óseas cercanas a las articulaciones. Su función es facilitar el movimiento y reducir el roce entre las superficies antedichas.
En gral. la causa de inflamación de estas estructuras son traumaticas (roce constante contra otra superficie) e infecciosas como enfermedades reumáticas ( Gota, artritis reumatoidea etc.)
En el caso del codo puede producirse por personas ya sean estudiantes o trabajadores de oficina que pasan largas horas con los codo apoyados sobre una mes o escritorio o cualquier superficie dura, eso va irritando la bolsa hasta producir una inflamación que en algunos casos es de tamaño importante.
Su clínica es bastante fácil de identificar pues la inflamación de la bursa, y la temperatura que tiene hace llegar a un diagnóstico preciso con solo el examen físico.
An Energy-Efficient Min-Max Optimization with RSA Security in Wireless Sensor...IJMTST Journal
A Novel Energy-efficient Min-max Optimization (NEMO) is proposed to improve the data delivery
performance and provide security in WSN. The NEMO scheme is applied in the virtual grid environment to
periodically collect the data from source node to the mobile sink through the cell headers. Here the movement
of sink is in controlled fashion and collects the data from the border line cell headers. For efficient data
delivery Fruit Fly Optimization (FFO) algorithm is applied here to find the best path by using the fitness value
calculated between the nodes based on the distance. The optimal path is chosen by first calculating the
minimum hop count paths and then finds the maximum of total fitness value along those paths. In that way
best path is selected by considering the shortest path which improves the data delivery performance and
also it minimizes the energy consumption. The proposed scheme enables the sensor nodes to maintain the
optimal path towards the latest location of mobile sink by using the FFO algorithm which leads to maximize
the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. RSA digital signature is used to provide the security
between the intermediate nodes during the data delivery. The source node generates the keys and broadcast
it to all other nodes in the network. Source node signs the data using its private key and the intermediate
nodes verifies the data using the source’s public key which is already broadcasted by the source node. If the
data is valid then it forwards to the next intermediate nodes and till the sink node gets the data, forwarding
takes place. Else the data packets are dropped and inform that node as misbehaving node and the source
chooses the next best path without having that misbehaving node in the path..
Special Marketing Edition of Chaos and CreativityJason Theodor
The interent is a most unpredictable medium, especially for brands and marketers. Why is that? Because it is an emergent phenomenon filled with chaotic and complex interactions. It is, as author Nassim Taleb would say, a Black Swan. This presentation explores these thoughts and what can be done about it.
Single Phase Matrix Converter for Input Power Factor Improvementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
PV Cell Fed High Step-up DC-DC Converter for PMSM Drive ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
In this concept novel high step-up dc–dc converter with an active coupled-inductor network is presented for
a sustainable energy system. The proposed converter contains two coupled inductors which can be
integrated into one magnetic core and two switches. The primary sides of coupled inductors are charged in
parallel by the input source, and both the coupled inductors are discharged in series with the input source to
achieve the high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio, respectively. In addition, the passive
lossless clamped circuit not only recycles leakage energies of the coupled inductor to improve efficiency but
also alleviates large voltage spike to limit the voltage stresses of the main switches. The reverse-recovery
problem of the output diode is also alleviated by the leakage inductor and the lower part count is needed;
therefore, the power conversion efficiency can be further upgraded. The voltage conversion ratios, the effect of
the leakage inductance and the parasitic parameters on the voltage gain are discussed. The voltage stress
and current stress on the power devices are illustrated and the comparisons between the proposed converter
and other converters are given. The simulation results are presented by using Mat lab/Simulink software.
The intention of this paper is to identify a suitable controller for closed loop multi converter system for multiple input sources and to improve time response of high-gain-step up-converter. Closed-loop Multi Converter System (MCS) is utilized to regulate load-voltage. This effort recommends suitable-controller for closed-two loop-controlled-SEPIC-REBOOST Converter fed DC motor. The estimation of the yield in open-two loop and closed- two-loop-circuit has been done using MATLAB or Simulink. Closed-two loop-control of Multi Converter System with Propotional+Integral (PI)- Propotional+Integral (PI) and Proportional+Resonant (PR) - Proportional+Resonant (PR) Controllers are investigated and their responses are evaluated in conditions of rise time, peak time, settling time and steady state error. It is seen that current-mode PR-PR controlled MCS gives better time domain response in terms of motor speed. A Prototype of MCS has been fabricated in the laboratory and the experimental-results are authenticated with the simulation-results.
This paper proposes a non-isolated soft-switching bidirectional dc/dc converter for interfacing energy storage in DC microgrid. The proposed converter employs a half-bridge boost converter at input port followed by a LCC resonant tank to assist in soft-switching of switches and diodes, and finally a voltage doubler circuit at the output port to enhance the voltage gain by two times. The LCC resonant circuit also adds a suitable voltage gain to the converter. Therefore, overall high voltage gain of the converter is obtained without a transformer or large number of multiplier circuit. For operation in buck mode, the high side voltage is divided by half with capacitive divider to gain higher step-down ratio. The converter is operated at high frequency to obtain low output voltage ripple, reduced magnetics and filters. Zero voltage turn-on is achieved for all switches and zero current turn-on and turn-off is achieved for all diodes in both modes i.e., buck/boost operation. Voltage stress across switches and diode is clamped naturally without external snubber circuit. An experimental prototype has been designed, built and tested in the laboratory to verify the performance of the proposed converter.
A Novel Power Factor Correction Rectifier for Enhancing Power QualityIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper, the disturbances in power system due to low quality of power
are discussed and a current injection method to maintain the sinusoidal input
current which will reduce the total current harmonic distortion (THD) as well
as improve the power factor nearer to unity is proposed. The proposed
method makes use of a novel controlled diode rectifier which involves the
use of bidirectional switches across the front-end rectifier and the operation
of the converter is fully analyzed. The main feature of the topology is low
cost, small size, high efficiency and simplicity, and is excellent for
retrofitting front-end rectifier of existing ac drives, UPS etc. A novel strategy
implementing reference compensation current depending on the load
harmonics and a control algorithm for three-phase three-level unity PF
rectifier which draws high quality sinusoidal supply currents and maintains
good dc link- voltage regulation under wide load variation. The proposed
technique can be applied as a retrofit to a variety of existing thyristor
converters which uses three bidirectional switches operating at low frequency
and a half-bridge inverter operating at high frequency .The total power
delivered to the load is processed by the injection network, the proposed
converter offers high efficiency and not only high power factor but also the
Total Harmonic Distortion is reduced. Theoretical analysis is verified by
digital simulation and a hardware proto type module is implemented in order
to confirm the feasibility of the proposed system. This scheme in general is
suitable for the common variable medium-to high-power level DC load
applications.
A Novel High Step-Up DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Renewable Energy System appli...IJERD Editor
Large electric drives and utility applications require advanced power electronics converter to meet
the high power demands. As a result, power converter structure has been introduced as an alternative in high
power and medium voltage situations using Renewable energy sources (RES). This paper describes a new
DC/DC converter with safety, high efficiency and high step up capabilities. This converter is best suited for
Wind/Fuel cell(FC)based Induction Motor applications for pumping systems. The safety feature of this
converter makes it friendly for the farmers to use it for irrigation and agriculture usages. The converter achieves
high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and low voltage stress on the power switches. Also, the
energy stored in the leakage inductor of the coupled inductor can be recycled to the output. The maximum
output voltage is determined by the number of the capacitors. The capacitors are charged in parallel and are
discharged in series by the coupled inductor, stacking on the output capacitor. Thus, the proposed converter can
achieve high step-up voltage gain with appropriate duty ratio and interfaced to induction motor through 9-level
inverter and also energy fed to grid system when no load operation. The simulation results are obtained using
MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Asymmetrical Dc-Dc Converter with a High Voltage GainIJMER
An asymmetrical full bridge converter is proposed in the paper. The proposed converter
achieves zero voltage switching of all the power switches. Zero current switching of all the output diodes
are also achieved here. This in turn provides a highly efficienct operation. The proposed converter can
provide a high voltage gain and the voltages across the semi- conductor devices are effectively clamped.
The converter can be utilised effectively in high voltage applications as embedded systems, renewable
energy systems, fuel cells, mobility applications and uninterrupted power supply
Average current control of DC-DC Cuk Converters as Power Factor CorrectorIJERA Editor
The era of electronic devices in all loads due to the manufacturing technologies replaced many conventional electrical or mechanical loads including lighting loads where Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is becoming an emerging technique with many advantages. High frequency switching dc-dc converter is a new technology to control the load and the supply side simultaneously. Due to additional harmonics generated by these switching converters power factor correction has become a necessity in utility side. This paper focuses on the power factor correction of the supply side when employing an ideal LED load with dc-dc Cuk converter. This paper also illustrates the controlling of the power factor correction employing high switching frequency dc-dc converters. The control loops employed are discussed and the strategy for designing the compensator is also explained. The simulated results have been shown to ascertain the accepted performance of the power factor correction converter.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
High Proficiency Grid ConnectedPhotovoltaic Power Generation SystemIJRES Journal
Solar energy hasbecomepopular nowadays and desire for clean energy. Since the solar radiation on no occasion remains constant,it keeps on insecure throughout the day. The need of the hour is to distribute a constant voltage to the grid irrespective of the deviation in temperatures and solar insolation. The inverter is designed from a boost converter along with a line frequency. The voltage from the boost converter is fedto the grid through inverter. In this proposed method high efficiency can be achievedby using only one switch functioning at high frequency at a time. The converter uses IGBT and ultra-fast reverse recovery diode. The simulation and experiment results are verified using MATLAB/Simulink software.
Fuzzy based control of Transformer less Coupled inductor based DC-DC converterIJERA Editor
Most of the industrial applications use any one of the basic DC-DC converter configurations namely buck,
boost, buck–boost, and Cuk converters. These converters are non-isolating converters. Buck-boost converters
use inductors for storing energy from the source and release the same to load or output. This results in high
stress across magnetic components. This drawback restricts usage of buck-boost converters to low power
applications. Flyback converters popularly have known as buck-boost converters uses transformers for
achieving wide range of step down and step up voltages. Coupled inductor based converters or tapped inductor
based converters are used for achieving wide input – wide output conversion ratios. Coherent transition between
step-down and step-up modes is achieved by a proper control scheme. This paper proposes fuzzy logic based
closed loop control scheme for control of converter switches. Theoretical derivations of control parameters with
their membership values, mamdani based rules for development of fuzzy rules and simulation results of a
coupled inductor based DC-DC converter using MATLAB / SIMULINK are concluded.
Similar to A Modern Technique of Deduction in Leakage Current in Resonant Bi-directional DC-DC Converter (20)
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
2. 109 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
A Modern Technique of Deduction in Leakage Current in Resonant Bi-directional DC-DC Converter
beneath reduction level of the power rating of the
circuit. instead of reduction in switching losses in
the circuit,[11] the aim is to step-down of different
current parameter to improved the efficiency of
D.A.B technology. By this proposed methodology,
twin angle rotation management signal P.W.M of
every circuit utilization, yet bidirectional process of
switching circuit. whereas every process is using
for the rising the two way converter performance if
we compare another converter or D.A.B.
technology, the ensuing potency was but ninetieth
at maximum demand or less demand power
requirement. when Endeavour cut back the root
mean square current and voltage switching,
freelance modulation management of every circuit,
yet as a part changes between the circuit, is
utilized in a P.W.M theme was indicated in [17],
then the management algorithmic operated from
twin modulation techniques, at pulse width
modulation process that changes smooth a most
for a angle shift of half of the angle of full load
power. This provided important enhancements in
decreased power efficiency while not decreasing the
conductivity within the rated power capability. For
a direct current modulation relation of 2:1, [9] the
potency changes to seventy seven at a another load
to around ninetieth at rated consumption. Hence
the circuit needed a lot of complicated system then
shifting techniques. So that, variety of twin kind
D.A.B device converter, using another type of series
network, is projected. The system an increases the
switching power vary and decreases the level of
circulating current of the circuit within the voltage
level changer machine windings, because of
increases the current signals [19]–[22].So that,
despite the management and resonant phenomena
is utilized, all another D.A.B. technology which
have consumed more power and decrease the
efficiency of the circuit.
Figure 1 New Resonant Bidirectional DC-DC Converter
This technique illustrate a unique D.A.B
technology, which are using the resonant
phenomena to reduction the level of reactive power
and overcome the demand of reactive power to the
circuit. The converter is utilized the inductive
capacitive inductive filter for resonant phenomena,
which has the outpouring winding ration of
electrical voltage level riser circuit device,
considerably cut back the level of electrical current
, therefore, the conduction losses which are
generally generated by the current in
semiconductor switch and the windings[22-23].
Natural management theme is used, wherever
every bridge is circuit is driven by the modulation
technique whereas repairing the part shift between
the bridges fastened at π/2 or –π/2, to direction
control of the power management. By the analysis
of theory yet as simulink output area unit given
compared practical level of 2500watts model,
illustrated the flexibility of the bidirectional
converter bifacial wattage is high potency high level
power and provide high magnitude DC voltage
level[19].
II. PROPOSED METHOD
Proposed planned resonating Dual active bridge
technology device are, during which S1 − S8
defined a conducting device. In the load terminal
side facet is illustrate by the constant potential
supply system, VDC2. In observe, this constant
magnitude signal source, that is in load terminal
side is in connected, for storage of the power we are
used a battery circuit or a ultra capacitor as per
requirement. Moreover, in a very sensible thing, L2
is also incorporated with the leak inductance of the
electrical device rather than using a distinct
electrical device. the first facet four switch
conduction system, of the planned dual active
bridge technology is conducting invery fast process
and very fast frequency, Fs ,and transforming the
constant source voltage level VDC1 into the ac
signal.
DC INPUT
CONVERTER
CIRCUIT
RESONANT
LCL
FILTER
TRANSFORM
ER n:n
RATIO
CONVERTE
R CIRCUIT
DC
OUTPUT
(battery
storage)
Figure 2 block diagram forward mode conduction
DC OUTPUT
CONVERTER
CIRCUIT
RESONANT
LCL
FILTER
TRANSFORM
ER n:n
RATIO
CONVERTE
R CIRCUIT
DC INPUT
(battery
source)
Figure 3 block diagram Reverse mode Conduction
3. 110 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 04 | April 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
which is produced by the modulation process
supply v1 and circuit a pair of is operated at an
equivalent frequency because the primary bridge is
dc offer potential level VDC2 to a P.W.M AC signal
supply vB2.[17-19] These 2 time varying signal are
joined to along to associate degree seclusion
electrical device associate degree an L1C1L2
network, that is tuned to Fs . Previous converters
which are using the concept of D.A.B technology
use linear element network for e.g. inductor &
capacitive network to scale back conduction
reduction by raising the conductivity level of
semiconductor device vary. New proposed topology
is used for the resonance phenomena and operated
in different cycles and using the different
modulation for the provided pulses of switches
square measure utilized to manage the switches so
as to attain soft switching However, as a results of
the tuned (resonant) L1C1L2 network utilized, the
planned system will not exhibit multiple operative
modes as each the resonant and switching
frequencies square measure identical and may be
controlled victimization a simple PWM theme.
Within the planned system, the direction and
magnitude of power flow is regulated by dominant
the pulse breadth of voltages v1 and vB2 [24],
whereas keeping the section shift between them
constant. This is often achieved by operative
switches S1 and S2 of Bridge one in anti phase at
the switch frequency Fs with a requirement cycle of
fifty to come up with voltage vS2, as indicated in
Fig. 2. Switches S3 and S4 square measure
operated within the same way, except that vS4 lags
vS2 by a displacement of α1 degrees. The ensuing
voltage v1, driving the network, is equal to the
distinction between vS2 and vS4. Thus, α1
modulates the pulse breadth (i.e., duty cycle) of the
ac voltage v1 within a vary of 0–50% as α1 changes
from 0◦ to 180◦. Bridge a pair of is controlled in a
similar approach, employing asection
displacement of α2 , to produce a
pulse-width-modulated ac voltage vB2 that is offset
from v1 by a section shift φ.[13] The tuned
(resonant) L1C1L2 network presents a high
electrical resistance to harmonics generated by the
converters, and thus, the currents i1 and iB2
square measure close to sinusoidal as shown by
dotted lines in. beneath tuned conditions, the
magnitudes of the bridge currents i1 and iB2
square measure proportional to vB2 and v1 ,
severally. Additionally, i1 will be leading vB2 by
90◦, whereas iB2 are insulation v1 by 90◦, thus
causing the bridge currents to align with the
voltages once φ is±90◦. As such, the ability flow of
the planned resonant DAB can be regulated by
dominant α1 and α2, whereas maintaining φ fixed
at ±90◦ to reduce the VA rating of the bridges.
III. RESULTS
Dual active bridge technique is 2500watts
resonant concept is used engineered is obtained by
the circuit are bestowed the above simulated value
of different kind of parameter which are using in
the resonant dual active bridge can verified in the
theoretical approaches. Therefore efficiency and
parameter of the model can be illustrate the below
sections. The system time configurationally value
in operation beneath final value were obtained
using a MATLAB perform gauge are summing the
total response of the primary techniques which is
obtained by the Fourier series expression and
denotes the value of different voltage is symbolic
representation v1 and v2 . Parameter section of the
circuit can be associate potency of ninety six at full
load condition,. Circuit is disciplined by associate
controller circuit, exploitation modulation value of
the different firing angle of the circuit is that α1 &
α2 and large Ф of +π/2 or –π/2. Defining the power
of the given D.A.B to power can be transmitted by
the forward mode of direction; the input voltage of
the circuit 2 of dual active bridge technology is
referred by the voltage vB2 that's insolent π/2.
TABLE I
CIRCUIT PARAMETER OF SYSTEM
Parameter Theoretical
value
Experimental
value
Rated
power
2.5 kW
VDC1 380 V
VDC2 50 V
Turns ratio
n
7.54
Magnetics Ferro cube E65/32/27
fs 50KHz
L1 145 µH 144 µH
L2 145 µH 146 µH
C1 69.8 nF 66 nF
HV
Switches
FDP054N10 MOSFET
LV SIDE FDP054N10 MOSFET
Conduction of the both bridges angle of the
modulations is 165◦ and beneath these conditions,
more or less 2500wats provides to theoretical Vdc2
to Vdc1. Leakage current of the D.A.B. circuit were
4. 111 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
A Modern Technique of Deduction in Leakage Current in Resonant Bi-directional DC-DC Converter
more or harmonic containing signal and and high
voltage circuit, so indicating close to zero reactive
wattage circulation between the bridge and
therefore the inductive capacitive inductive passive
network. What is more, the experimental model
illustrate in smart agreement with the theoretical
result, so confirming the model level accurate value
bestowed in different conditions. Fig. nine defined
the model result in both of the approaches in
theoretical and experimental result also of the
advanced two way DC-DC, hence in the reverse
condition modes the bridges can be transfer the
power in reverse direction and approximate
2000watts of power can be transferred in reverse
directional mode. Bridges can be operated with the
angle of firing is 120◦ conduction when the
inversion process is done, in the model vB2 hardly
leading v1 by π/2◦ so transfer of power seventieth
of rated power from Vdc2 to Vdc1. Since the
bridges ar operated at a phase modulation of 120◦,
as compared to other D.A. technology here the
improvement of result is very high and hence
higher efficiency are achieved because of level of
voltage is increased in both of the modes of
conduction either forward or reverse mode, so that
other parameters then its improved many of the
parameter of the circuit. In mathematical
calculation of the model bestowed are often used to
analysis during a resonant D.A.B beneath various
in different kind of operation and accounting for
variations in component values.
Figure 4 Input Voltage of Forward Mode
Figure 5 Output voltage of forward mode PID Controller
Figure 6 Leakage Current PID Controller forward mode
When reverse direction is required then or say
that if the using the resonant phenomena of the
DC-DC converter topology then we should provide
if the 50 volts as a input in the load side then figure
show that the boost process is getting proceed and
the developed simulation result is
Figure 7 Input Voltage Reverse Mode PID Controller
Figure 8 Output voltage Reverse Mode PID Controller
Figure 9 Leakage current Leakage Mode PID controller
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
350
360
370
380
390
400
time
Voltage(Volts)
Input Voltage
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time
Volatge(Volts)
Output voltage
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
-0.01
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
time
Current(Amps.)
Leakage current
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time
Voltage(Volts)
Input Voltage(Reverse Mode)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
time
Voltage(Volts)
Output Voltage(Reverse Mode)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
time
current(amp.)
leakage current(reverse mode)
5. 112 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
Volume: 2 | Issue: 04 | April 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778IJMTST
The input voltage is presented in figure 7, output
voltage of the system is represented on the figure 8.
in these case for reduction of leakage current using
the control the action of controller PID and neural
network both type of controller is used so that the
controller Leakage current system when using in
ANN controller the output waveform can be
represented by the figure 9.
Figure 10 Input Voltage Forward mode ANN Controller
Figure 11 Output voltage Forward Mode ANN Controller
Figure 12 Leakage Current Forward Mode ANN Controller
Figure 13 Total Harmonics Distortion in Forward mode
When the reverse mode is operated then the level
of output voltage and the lekage current is changed
in these case so that we applied same situation for
the neural network as compare to the neural
network topology
Figure 14 Reverse mode Input voltage ANN Controller
Figure 15 Output voltage Reverse mode ANN Controller
Figure 16 Leakage Current Reverse mode ANN Controller
The experimental and theoretical potency values,
every of which has the facility losses within the
magnetic parts similarly as those from the shift
devices, square measure shown in Fig. 19. Though
the model DAB given during this paper has not
been optimized for potency, the results recommend
a big improvement within the performance as
compared to standard DAB converters with SPS
management. Additionally, even higher efficiencies
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
350
360
370
380
390
400
time
Voltage(volts)
Input Voltage
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time
Voltage(Volts)
Output Voltage
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
x 10
-4
time
current(amps.)
Leakage cuurent
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
time
Voltage(Volts)
Total harmonics distortion
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
time
Voltage(Volts)
input voltage(reverse mode)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
time
voltage(volts)
output voltage(reverse mode)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
x 10
5
-0.01
-0.008
-0.006
-0.004
-0.002
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
time
current(amps.)
Leakage current(reverse mode)
6. 113 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
A Modern Technique of Deduction in Leakage Current in Resonant Bi-directional DC-DC Converter
square measure possible to be obtained if the
Bridge a pair of voltage is raised, avoiding the
comparatively massive conductivity losses within
the secondary a part of the circuit. As evident from
Fig. 18, each the theoretical and experimental
efficiencies are in smart agreement. As such, the
mathematical analysis given may be accustomed
accurately characterize the losses in an
exceedingly resonant DAB below varied operative
conditions and accounting for variations in
element values.
IV. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
So in below the comparative analysis is provided,
which may clearly indicated that the level of output
voltage and the leakage current of the circuit is
what, when we using different kind of controller to
the circuit for controlling the pulses of the
switches, below two figure indicates that the level
of the deviation of the values when we are used a
different kind of controller.
Figure 17 Output Voltage Result Comparison Forward mode
the level of voltage can be boosted then the level of
leakage current can be decrease which can be seen
in the figure
Figure 18 Output Voltage Result Comparison Reverse Mode
The level of leakage current can be decreases when
the neural network is applied to controlling the
pulses of the switches.
Fig. 19. Leakage current comparison result
V. CONCLUSION
New bidirectional resonant converter is proposed
here with the using of the inductive capacitive
inductive filter so that the both of the conduction is
possible with using the resonance phenomena. A
model of the D.A.B. technology is described by the
above and mathematical result is shown as the
above. In different condition we observed that a
2500watts can be generated if we consider this
D.A.B. technology, and also described the
performance of the constant current converter
performance. Output of the two way DC-DC
converter can be shows that its offers low
conducting current. So if the level of current is
getting reduced so that switches loss can be
reduced so it’s also improved the efficiency, and
provides high level voltage in the output side in any
of the side if we used as buck mode or boost mode
as our requirement. So this proposed method is
reduced leakage current and improved voltage
level.
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