A Journey Through Time
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The document summarizes the journey of Edmund Barton from being a lawyer to becoming the first Prime Minister of Australia. It details the process of transforming the separate Australian colonies into a unified nation from the 1860s to 1901, including conventions to draft a constitution, referendums to gain approval, and negotiations with Britain. The formation of the Commonwealth of Australia on January 1, 1901 marked the end of Barton's long journey to help establish the country as a self-governing nation with a federal government.
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- The current events requirement involves following the news for 5 days and writing about the issues, and how they affect the scout and their family.
- One of the government documents like the Declaration of
Australian court system
The document provides an overview of the Australian court structure. It describes Australia's federal system with 9 jurisdictions and outlines the separation of powers among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. It details the hierarchy of federal courts like the High Court of Australia and Federal Court of Australia. It also describes the hierarchy of state courts and notes the 1986 Australia Act established the High Court as the highest court of appeal.
2.1 sources of law british common law
Common law originated in England and has spread to other countries like Australia. It is law developed by judges through precedents set in past cases, rather than law made by parliament. Judges must follow statutes but can interpret them and fill gaps using common law principles. Over time, as more cases were decided, a system of precedent developed where judges are bound by past decisions of higher courts. Equity later developed to provide remedies where common law was deficient, using moral principles of fairness. Both legal systems now coexist in Australia with precedent and equity considered together. The adversarial system used in common law involves opposing sides arguing their case before a neutral decision maker.
3.1 role and structure of parliament
The document discusses the structure and roles of the Australian Parliament. It notes that the Australian Parliament consists of the Queen, represented by the Governor-General, and two houses - the Senate and House of Representatives. It then describes the five main functions of parliament and provides details on the structure of the two houses, their roles, and the role and powers of the Governor-General.
The Australian Parliamentary System
The Australian parliamentary system is based on the Westminster system used in the United Kingdom. Key principles of the Australian system include representative government, where the government is chosen by the people through regular elections; responsible government, where ministers are accountable to parliament and must resign if they lose the support of the lower house; and separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. In practice, the legislative and executive powers are closely linked, with ministers drawn from parliament and the prime minister as head of the executive.
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The Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, also known as the White Australia Policy, aimed to restrict non-European immigration to Australia. It gave immigration officials the power to administer a dictation test in any European language to prospective immigrants and deny entry to anyone who failed. This was used to exclude immigrants from Asia and restrict non-white immigration. The policy remained in place until the 1950s and was not fully dismantled until the Racial Discrimination Act of 1975. It had the goal of maintaining Australia as a predominantly white British society.
Federation
Henry Parkes first proposed the idea of an Australian federation in 1867 when he suggested forming a Federal Council body while serving as Colonial Secretary of New South Wales. The states were starting to worry about issues like communication infrastructure, immigration control, unionization of workers, taxation uniformity, and defense against threats in Papua New Guinea. Most states agreed at a 1890 conference that a federal government seemed beneficial, but spent the next 10 years debating what type of governmental system to adopt before finalizing plans for a federation of Australian states.
Federation Family Album
Henry Parks, known as the father of Federation, gave a public address in 1889 calling for the colonies of Australia to unite and form a national government. The first referendum on federation in 1898 was rejected, but the second referendum in 1899 was successful. On January 1, 1901 the Commonwealth of Australia was proclaimed in Sydney, marking the joining of the colonies to form the nation. Thousands celebrated across the new country, including the author's family at the opening of the Commonwealth Arch in Sydney. The colonies became states and the first federal parliament was formed, with Edmund Barton becoming the first Prime Minister of Australia.
Land Rights Summary
- Aboriginal belief systems view land as sacred and linked to their ancestral spirits and identity. The land is seen as the dwelling place of elders and Aboriginal people feel a responsibility to care for it.
- Several key events advanced Aboriginal land rights and recognition, including the 1938 Day of Mourning, the 1946 Pilbara Strike, the Wave Hill Walk-off in 1966, and the Mabo decision in 1992 which overturned the doctrine of terra nullius.
- The Native Title Act of 1993 was passed to recognize native title under the common law in the wake of Mabo, though successfully claiming native title remains difficult for Aboriginal groups.
Australia 1
The document provides a detailed overview of the geography, history, government, and people of Australia. It notes that Australia was inhabited for over 42,000 years by Indigenous Australians and was initially colonized as a British penal colony in 1788. Australia is now an independent constitutional monarchy and has a population of over 21 million people concentrated in cities along the southeast coast.
Andrew Burgess English/history Slide Share
this is my slide share powerpoint on the federation of australia in 1901 and a little about the world war 1.
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This document provides a brief history of Australia in 3 periods:
1) Ancient time from 150,000 years ago to 1606 when Indigenous Australians lived nomadic lives.
2) European settlement from 1606-1900 when Britain established colonies in Australia.
3) New nation from 1901 onward when Australia became a federation and gained independence from Britain. Key events included the formation of parliament in 1901, involvement in World Wars I and II, and a period of postwar prosperity driven by immigration and economic development.
APA Formatting And Citation (7Th Ed.) Gene
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a paper writing request on the HelpWriting.net website. It involves a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied. The site promises original, high-quality content with refunds for plagiarism.
Law Reform On Native Title
Eddie Mabo was an Indigenous Australian who fought for land rights and recognition of native title. He challenged the idea of terra nullius, which claimed Australia was unoccupied when colonized. In the landmark Mabo case of 1992, the High Court overturned terra nullius and recognized native title. While Mabo passed away before the ruling, his efforts helped establish legal rights for Indigenous peoples and changed Australian law. His legacy advanced reconciliation and justice for Aboriginal communities.
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Here are the key command terms for Section B questions:
- Identify: Recognise and list the requested parts or processes without explanation.
- Describe: Give a detailed account or picture of the requested characteristics, events, or processes. Include relevant details.
- Explain: Provide reasons and/or mechanisms that account for relationships, events, situations or phenomena. Reasons should demonstrate understanding of causal relationships.
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History of Australia.pptx
This is the history of Australia I've covered most of the topics in this, this is a very informative ppt
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 6
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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