Currently cloud computing has turned into a promising technology and has become a great key for
satisfying a flexible service oriented , online provision and storage of computing resources and user’s
information in lesser expense with dynamism framework on pay per use basis.In this technology Job
Scheduling Problem is acritical issue. For well-organizedmanaging and handling resources,
administrations, scheduling plays a vital role. This paper shares out the improved Hyper- Heuristic
Scheduling Approach to schedule resources, by taking account of computation time and makespan with two
detection operators. Operators are used to select the low-level heuristics automatically. Conditional
Revealing Algorithm (CRA)idea is applied for finding the job failures while allocating the resources. We
believe that proposed hyper-heuristic achieve better results than other individual heuristics
A hybrid approach for scheduling applications in cloud computing environment IJECEIAES
Cloud computing plays an important role in our daily life. It has direct and positive impact on share and update data, knowledge, storage and scientific resources between various regions. Cloud computing performance heavily based on job scheduling algorithms that are utilized for queue waiting in modern scientific applications. The researchers are considered cloud computing a popular platform for new enforcements. These scheduling algorithms help in design efficient queue lists in cloud as well as they play vital role in reducing waiting for processing time in cloud computing. A novel job scheduling is proposed in this paper to enhance performance of cloud computing and reduce delay time in queue waiting for jobs. The proposed algorithm tries to avoid some significant challenges that throttle from developing applications of cloud computing. However, a smart scheduling technique is proposed in our paper to improve performance processing in cloud applications. Our experimental result of the proposed job scheduling algorithm shows that the proposed schemes possess outstanding enhancing rates with a reduction in waiting time for jobs in queue list.
Dynamic Three Stages Task Scheduling Algorithm on Cloud Computing
Naglaa Sayed Abdelrehem, Fathi Ahmed Amer, Imane Aly Saroit,
Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Cost-Efficient Task Scheduling with Ant Colony Algorithm for Executing Large ...Editor IJCATR
The aim of cloud computing is to share a large number of resources and pieces of equipment to compute and store knowledge and information for great scientific sources. Therefore, the scheduling algorithm is regarded as one of the most important challenges and problems in the cloud. To solve the task scheduling problem in this study, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was adapted from social theories with a fair and accurate resource allocation approach based on machine performance and capacity. This study was intended to decrease the runtime and executive costs. It was also meant to optimize the use of machines and reduce their idle time. Finally, the proposed method was compared with Berger and greedy algorithms. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm reduced the makespan and executive cost when tasks were added. It also increased fairness and load balancing. Moreover, it made the optimal use of machines possible and increased user satisfaction. According to evaluations, the proposed algorithm improved the makespan by 80%.
Resource scheduling is a most important functioning area for the cloud manager and challenge as well. It plays very vital role to maintain the scalability in the cloud resources and ‘on demand’ availability of cloud. The challenges arise because the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) has to pretend to have infinite resource while he has limited amount of resource. Resource allocation in cloud computing means managing resources in such a way that every demand (task) must be fulfilled along with considering the parameter like throughput, cost, make span, availability, utilization of resource, time and reliability. The Modified Resource Allocation Mutation PSO (MRAMPSO) strategy based on the resource scheduling and allocation of cloud is proposed. In this paper MRAMPSO schedules the task with help of Extended Multi Queue (EMQ) by considering the resource availability and reschedule the task that fails to allocate. This approach is compared with slandered PSO and Longest Cloudlet to Fastest Processor (LCFP) algorithm to show that MRAMPSO can save execution time, makes span, transmission cost and round trip time.
A hybrid approach for scheduling applications in cloud computing environment IJECEIAES
Cloud computing plays an important role in our daily life. It has direct and positive impact on share and update data, knowledge, storage and scientific resources between various regions. Cloud computing performance heavily based on job scheduling algorithms that are utilized for queue waiting in modern scientific applications. The researchers are considered cloud computing a popular platform for new enforcements. These scheduling algorithms help in design efficient queue lists in cloud as well as they play vital role in reducing waiting for processing time in cloud computing. A novel job scheduling is proposed in this paper to enhance performance of cloud computing and reduce delay time in queue waiting for jobs. The proposed algorithm tries to avoid some significant challenges that throttle from developing applications of cloud computing. However, a smart scheduling technique is proposed in our paper to improve performance processing in cloud applications. Our experimental result of the proposed job scheduling algorithm shows that the proposed schemes possess outstanding enhancing rates with a reduction in waiting time for jobs in queue list.
Dynamic Three Stages Task Scheduling Algorithm on Cloud Computing
Naglaa Sayed Abdelrehem, Fathi Ahmed Amer, Imane Aly Saroit,
Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Cost-Efficient Task Scheduling with Ant Colony Algorithm for Executing Large ...Editor IJCATR
The aim of cloud computing is to share a large number of resources and pieces of equipment to compute and store knowledge and information for great scientific sources. Therefore, the scheduling algorithm is regarded as one of the most important challenges and problems in the cloud. To solve the task scheduling problem in this study, the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm was adapted from social theories with a fair and accurate resource allocation approach based on machine performance and capacity. This study was intended to decrease the runtime and executive costs. It was also meant to optimize the use of machines and reduce their idle time. Finally, the proposed method was compared with Berger and greedy algorithms. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm reduced the makespan and executive cost when tasks were added. It also increased fairness and load balancing. Moreover, it made the optimal use of machines possible and increased user satisfaction. According to evaluations, the proposed algorithm improved the makespan by 80%.
Resource scheduling is a most important functioning area for the cloud manager and challenge as well. It plays very vital role to maintain the scalability in the cloud resources and ‘on demand’ availability of cloud. The challenges arise because the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) has to pretend to have infinite resource while he has limited amount of resource. Resource allocation in cloud computing means managing resources in such a way that every demand (task) must be fulfilled along with considering the parameter like throughput, cost, make span, availability, utilization of resource, time and reliability. The Modified Resource Allocation Mutation PSO (MRAMPSO) strategy based on the resource scheduling and allocation of cloud is proposed. In this paper MRAMPSO schedules the task with help of Extended Multi Queue (EMQ) by considering the resource availability and reschedule the task that fails to allocate. This approach is compared with slandered PSO and Longest Cloudlet to Fastest Processor (LCFP) algorithm to show that MRAMPSO can save execution time, makes span, transmission cost and round trip time.
Job Resource Ratio Based Priority Driven Scheduling in Cloud Computingijsrd.com
Cloud Computing is an emerging technology in the area of parallel and distributed computing. Clouds consist of a collection of virtualized resources, which include both computational and storage facilities that can be provisioned on demand, depending on the users' needs. Job scheduling is one of the major activities performed in all the computing environments. Cloud computing is one the upcoming latest technology which is developing drastically. To efficiently increase the working of cloud computing environments, job scheduling is one the tasks performed in order to gain maximum profit. In this paper we proposed a new scheduling algorithm based on priority and that priority is based on ratio of job and resource. To calculate priority of job we use analytical hierarchy process. In this paper we also compare result with other algorithm like First come first serve and round robin algorithms.
Demand-driven Gaussian window optimization for executing preferred population...IJECEIAES
Scheduling is one of the essential enabling technique for Cloud computing which facilitates efficient resource utilization among the jobs scheduled for processing. However, it experiences performance overheads due to the inappropriate provisioning of resources to requesting jobs. It is very much essential that the performance of Cloud is accomplished through intelligent scheduling and allocation of resources. In this paper, we propose the application of Gaussian window where jobs of heterogeneous in nature are scheduled in the round-robin fashion on different Cloud clusters. The clusters are heterogeneous in nature having datacenters with varying sever capacity. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm has enhanced the QoS of the computing model. Allocation of Jobs to specific Clusters has improved the system throughput and has reduced the latency.
Providing a multi-objective scheduling tasks by Using PSO algorithm for cost ...Editor IJCATR
This article is intended to use the multi-PSO algorithm for scheduling tasks for cost management in cloud computing. This means that
any migration costs due to supply failure consider as a one objective and each task is a little particle and recognize by use of the
appropriate fitness schedule function (how the particles arrangement) that cost at least amount of total expense. In addition to, the weight
is granted to the each expenditure that reflects the importance of cost. The data which is used to simulate proposed method are series of
academic and research data that are prepared from the Internet and MATLAB software is used for simulation. We simulate two issues,
in the first issue, consider four task by four vehicles and divide tasks. In the second issue, make the issue more complicated and consider
six tasks by four vehicles. We write PSO's output for each two issues of various iterations. Finally, the particles dispersion and as well
as the output of the cost function were computed for each pa
Effective and Efficient Job Scheduling in Grid ComputingAditya Kokadwar
The integration of remote and diverse resources and the increasing computational needs of Grand Challenges problems combined with the faster growth of the internet and communication technologies leads to the development of global computational grids. Grid computing is a prevailing technology, which unites underutilized resources in order to support sharing of resources and services distributed across numerous administrative region. An efficient and effective scheduling system is essentially required in order to achieve the promising capacity of grids. The main goal of scheduling is to maximize the resource utilization and minimize processing time and cost of the jobs. In this research, the objective is to prioritize the jobs based on execution cost and then allocate the resources with minimum cost by merging it with conventional job grouping strategy to provide the solution for better and more efficient job scheduling which is beneficial to both user and resource broker. The proposed scheduling approach in grid computing employs a dynamic cost-based job scheduling algorithm for making an efficient mapping of a job to available resources in the grid. It also improves communication to computation ratio (CCR) and utilization of available resources by grouping the user jobs before resource allocation.
Role of Operational System Design in Data Warehouse Implementation: Identifyi...iosrjce
Data warehouse designing process takes input from operational system of the organization. Quality
of data warehousing solution depends on design of operational system. Often, operational system
implementations of organizations have some limitations. Thus, we cannot proceed for data warehouse
designing so easily. In this paper, we have tried to investigate operational system of the organization for
identifying such limitations and determine role of operational system design in the process of data warehouse
design and implementation. We have worked out to find possible methods to handle such limitations and have
proposed techniques to get a quality data warehousing solution under such limitations. To make the work based
on live example, National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Project has been taken. It is a national project of
health sector, managed by Indian Government across the country. The complex structure and high volume of
data makes it an ideal case for data warehouse implementation.
Differentiating Algorithms of Cloud Task Scheduling Based on various Parametersiosrjce
Cloud computing is a new design structure for large, distributed data centers. Cloud computing
system promises to offer end user “pay as go” model. To meet the expected quality requirements of users, cloud
computing need to offer differentiated services to users. QoS differentiation is very important to satisfy
different users with different QoS requirements. In this paper, various QoS based scheduling algorithms,
scheduling parameters and the future scope of discussed algorithms have been studied. This paper summarizes
various cloud scheduling algorithms, findings of algorithms, scheduling factors, type of scheduling and
parameters considered
The Cloud computing becomes an important topic
in the area of high performance distributed computing. On the
other hand, task scheduling is considered one the most significant
issues in the Cloud computing where the user has to pay for the
using resource based on the time. Therefore, distributing the
cloud resource among the users' applications should maximize
resource utilization and minimize task execution Time. The goal
of task scheduling is to assign tasks to appropriate resources that
optimize one or more performance parameters (i.e., completion
time, cost, resource utilization, etc.). In addition, the scheduling
belongs to a category of a problem known as an NP-complete
problem. Therefore, the heuristic algorithm could be applied to
solve this problem. In this paper, an enhanced dependent task
scheduling algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (DTGA) has
been introduced for mapping and executing an application’s
tasks. The aim of this proposed algorithm is to minimize the
completion time. The performance of this proposed algorithm has
been evaluated using WorkflowSim toolkit and Standard Task
Graph Set (STG) benchmark.
Scheduling Divisible Jobs to Optimize the Computation and Energy Costsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The important challenge in cloud computing environment is to design a scheduling strategy to handle jobs, and to process them in a heterogeneous environment with shared data centers. In this paper, we attempt to investigate a new analytical framework model that enables an existing private cloud data-center for scheduling jobs and minimizing the overall computation and energy cost together. Our model is based on Divisible Load Theory (DLT) model to derive closed-form solution for the load fractions to be assigned to each machines considering computation and energy cost. Our analysis also attempts to schedule the jobs such a way that cloud provider can gain maximum benefit for his service and Quality of Service (QoS) requirement user’s job. Finally, we quantify the performance of the strategies via rigorous simulation studies.
Time Efficient VM Allocation using KD-Tree Approach in Cloud Server Environmentrahulmonikasharma
Cloud computing is an incipient and quickly evolving model, with new expenses and capabilities being proclaimed frequently. The increases of user on cloud with the expansion of variety of services, with that the complete allocation of resource with the minimum latent time for Virtual machine is necessary. To allocate this virtual cloud computing resources to the cloud user is a key technical issue because user demand is dynamic in nature that required dynamic allocation of resource too. To improve the allocation there must be a correct balanced algorithmic scheduling for Resource Allocation Technique. The aim of this work is to allocate resource to scientific experiment request coming from multiple users, wherever customized Virtual machines (VM) are aloft in applicable host out there in cloud. Therefore, properly programmed scheduling cloud is extremely vital and it’s significant to develop efficient scheduling methods for appropriately allocation of VMs into physical resource. The planned formulas minimize the time interval quality so as of O (Log n) by adopting KD-Tree.
Stochastic Scheduling Algorithm for Distributed Cloud Networks using Heuristi...Eswar Publications
Rule based heuristic scheduling algorithms in real time and cloud computing Systems employ for resource or task scheduling since they are suitable to implement for NP-complete problems. However, they are simple but there is much room to improve these algorithms. This study presents a heuristic scheduling algorithm, called High performance hyper-heuristic scheduling algorithm (HHSA) using detection operator, to find better scheduling solutions for real and cloud computing systems. The two operators - diversity detection and
improvement detection operators - are employed in this algorithm to determine the timing to determine the heuristic algorithm.. These two are employed to dynamically determine a low level heuristic that can be used to find better solution. To evaluate the performance of this method, authors examined the above method with several scheduling algorithms and results prove that Hyper Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm can
significantly decrease the makespan of task scheduling when compared with all other scheduling algorithms.
A novel high-performance hyper-heuristic algorithm is proposed for scheduling on cloud computing systems to
reduce the makespan. This algorithm can be applied to both sequence dependent and sequence independent scheduling problems.
VIRTUAL MACHINE SCHEDULING IN CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTijmpict
Cloud computing is an upcoming technology in dispersed computing facilitating paying for each model as
for each user demand and need. Cloud incorporates a set of virtual machine which comprises both storage
and computational facility. The fundamental goal of cloud computing is to offer effective access to isolated
and geographically circulated resources. Cloud is growing every day and experiences numerous problems
such as scheduling. Scheduling means a collection of policies to regulate the order of task to be executed
by a computer system. An excellent scheduler derives its scheduling plan in accordance with the type of
work and the varying environment. This research paper demonstrates a generalized precedence algorithm
for effective performance of work and contrast with Round Robin and FCFS Scheduling. Algorithm needs
to be tested within CloudSim toolkit and outcome illustrates that it provide good presentation compared
some customary scheduling algorithm.
LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM ON CLOUD COMPUTING FOR OPTIMIZE RESPONE TIMEijccsa
To improve the performance of cloud computing, there are many parameters and issues that we should consider, including resource allocation, resource responsiveness, connectivity to resources, unused resources exploration, corresponding resource mapping and planning for resource. The planning for the use of resources can be based on many kinds of parameters, and the service response time is one of them.
The users can easily figure out the response time of their requests, and it becomes one of the important QoSs. When we discover and explore more on this, response time can provide solutions for the distribution, the load balancing of resources with better efficiency. This is one of the most promising
research directions for improving the cloud technology. Therefore, this paper proposes a load balancing algorithm based on response time of requests on cloud with the name APRA (ARIMA Prediction of Response Time Algorithm), the main idea is to use ARIMA algorithms to predict the coming response time, thus giving a better way of effectively resolving resource allocation with threshold value. The experiment
result outcomes are potential and valuable for load balancing with predicted response time, it shows that prediction is a great direction for load balancing.
Cloud computing is the fastest emerging technology and a novel buzzword in the field of IT domain that offer distinct services, applications and focuses on providing sustainable, reliable, scalable and virtualized resources to its consumer. The main aim of cloud computing is to enhance the use of distributed resources to achieve higher throughput and resource utilization in large-scale computation problems. Scheduling affects the efficiency of cloud and plays a significant role in cloud computing to create high performance environment. The Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of user application define the scheduling of resources. Numbers of researchers have tried to solve these scheduling problems using different QoS based scheduling techniques. In this paper, a detail analysis of resource scheduling methodology is presented, with different types of scheduling based on soft computing techniques, their comparisons, benefits and results are discussed. Major finding of this paper helps researchers to decide suitable approach for scheduling user’s applications considering their QoS requirements.
Job Resource Ratio Based Priority Driven Scheduling in Cloud Computingijsrd.com
Cloud Computing is an emerging technology in the area of parallel and distributed computing. Clouds consist of a collection of virtualized resources, which include both computational and storage facilities that can be provisioned on demand, depending on the users' needs. Job scheduling is one of the major activities performed in all the computing environments. Cloud computing is one the upcoming latest technology which is developing drastically. To efficiently increase the working of cloud computing environments, job scheduling is one the tasks performed in order to gain maximum profit. In this paper we proposed a new scheduling algorithm based on priority and that priority is based on ratio of job and resource. To calculate priority of job we use analytical hierarchy process. In this paper we also compare result with other algorithm like First come first serve and round robin algorithms.
Demand-driven Gaussian window optimization for executing preferred population...IJECEIAES
Scheduling is one of the essential enabling technique for Cloud computing which facilitates efficient resource utilization among the jobs scheduled for processing. However, it experiences performance overheads due to the inappropriate provisioning of resources to requesting jobs. It is very much essential that the performance of Cloud is accomplished through intelligent scheduling and allocation of resources. In this paper, we propose the application of Gaussian window where jobs of heterogeneous in nature are scheduled in the round-robin fashion on different Cloud clusters. The clusters are heterogeneous in nature having datacenters with varying sever capacity. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed algorithm has enhanced the QoS of the computing model. Allocation of Jobs to specific Clusters has improved the system throughput and has reduced the latency.
Providing a multi-objective scheduling tasks by Using PSO algorithm for cost ...Editor IJCATR
This article is intended to use the multi-PSO algorithm for scheduling tasks for cost management in cloud computing. This means that
any migration costs due to supply failure consider as a one objective and each task is a little particle and recognize by use of the
appropriate fitness schedule function (how the particles arrangement) that cost at least amount of total expense. In addition to, the weight
is granted to the each expenditure that reflects the importance of cost. The data which is used to simulate proposed method are series of
academic and research data that are prepared from the Internet and MATLAB software is used for simulation. We simulate two issues,
in the first issue, consider four task by four vehicles and divide tasks. In the second issue, make the issue more complicated and consider
six tasks by four vehicles. We write PSO's output for each two issues of various iterations. Finally, the particles dispersion and as well
as the output of the cost function were computed for each pa
Effective and Efficient Job Scheduling in Grid ComputingAditya Kokadwar
The integration of remote and diverse resources and the increasing computational needs of Grand Challenges problems combined with the faster growth of the internet and communication technologies leads to the development of global computational grids. Grid computing is a prevailing technology, which unites underutilized resources in order to support sharing of resources and services distributed across numerous administrative region. An efficient and effective scheduling system is essentially required in order to achieve the promising capacity of grids. The main goal of scheduling is to maximize the resource utilization and minimize processing time and cost of the jobs. In this research, the objective is to prioritize the jobs based on execution cost and then allocate the resources with minimum cost by merging it with conventional job grouping strategy to provide the solution for better and more efficient job scheduling which is beneficial to both user and resource broker. The proposed scheduling approach in grid computing employs a dynamic cost-based job scheduling algorithm for making an efficient mapping of a job to available resources in the grid. It also improves communication to computation ratio (CCR) and utilization of available resources by grouping the user jobs before resource allocation.
Role of Operational System Design in Data Warehouse Implementation: Identifyi...iosrjce
Data warehouse designing process takes input from operational system of the organization. Quality
of data warehousing solution depends on design of operational system. Often, operational system
implementations of organizations have some limitations. Thus, we cannot proceed for data warehouse
designing so easily. In this paper, we have tried to investigate operational system of the organization for
identifying such limitations and determine role of operational system design in the process of data warehouse
design and implementation. We have worked out to find possible methods to handle such limitations and have
proposed techniques to get a quality data warehousing solution under such limitations. To make the work based
on live example, National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Project has been taken. It is a national project of
health sector, managed by Indian Government across the country. The complex structure and high volume of
data makes it an ideal case for data warehouse implementation.
Differentiating Algorithms of Cloud Task Scheduling Based on various Parametersiosrjce
Cloud computing is a new design structure for large, distributed data centers. Cloud computing
system promises to offer end user “pay as go” model. To meet the expected quality requirements of users, cloud
computing need to offer differentiated services to users. QoS differentiation is very important to satisfy
different users with different QoS requirements. In this paper, various QoS based scheduling algorithms,
scheduling parameters and the future scope of discussed algorithms have been studied. This paper summarizes
various cloud scheduling algorithms, findings of algorithms, scheduling factors, type of scheduling and
parameters considered
The Cloud computing becomes an important topic
in the area of high performance distributed computing. On the
other hand, task scheduling is considered one the most significant
issues in the Cloud computing where the user has to pay for the
using resource based on the time. Therefore, distributing the
cloud resource among the users' applications should maximize
resource utilization and minimize task execution Time. The goal
of task scheduling is to assign tasks to appropriate resources that
optimize one or more performance parameters (i.e., completion
time, cost, resource utilization, etc.). In addition, the scheduling
belongs to a category of a problem known as an NP-complete
problem. Therefore, the heuristic algorithm could be applied to
solve this problem. In this paper, an enhanced dependent task
scheduling algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (DTGA) has
been introduced for mapping and executing an application’s
tasks. The aim of this proposed algorithm is to minimize the
completion time. The performance of this proposed algorithm has
been evaluated using WorkflowSim toolkit and Standard Task
Graph Set (STG) benchmark.
Scheduling Divisible Jobs to Optimize the Computation and Energy Costsinventionjournals
ABSTRACT : The important challenge in cloud computing environment is to design a scheduling strategy to handle jobs, and to process them in a heterogeneous environment with shared data centers. In this paper, we attempt to investigate a new analytical framework model that enables an existing private cloud data-center for scheduling jobs and minimizing the overall computation and energy cost together. Our model is based on Divisible Load Theory (DLT) model to derive closed-form solution for the load fractions to be assigned to each machines considering computation and energy cost. Our analysis also attempts to schedule the jobs such a way that cloud provider can gain maximum benefit for his service and Quality of Service (QoS) requirement user’s job. Finally, we quantify the performance of the strategies via rigorous simulation studies.
Time Efficient VM Allocation using KD-Tree Approach in Cloud Server Environmentrahulmonikasharma
Cloud computing is an incipient and quickly evolving model, with new expenses and capabilities being proclaimed frequently. The increases of user on cloud with the expansion of variety of services, with that the complete allocation of resource with the minimum latent time for Virtual machine is necessary. To allocate this virtual cloud computing resources to the cloud user is a key technical issue because user demand is dynamic in nature that required dynamic allocation of resource too. To improve the allocation there must be a correct balanced algorithmic scheduling for Resource Allocation Technique. The aim of this work is to allocate resource to scientific experiment request coming from multiple users, wherever customized Virtual machines (VM) are aloft in applicable host out there in cloud. Therefore, properly programmed scheduling cloud is extremely vital and it’s significant to develop efficient scheduling methods for appropriately allocation of VMs into physical resource. The planned formulas minimize the time interval quality so as of O (Log n) by adopting KD-Tree.
Stochastic Scheduling Algorithm for Distributed Cloud Networks using Heuristi...Eswar Publications
Rule based heuristic scheduling algorithms in real time and cloud computing Systems employ for resource or task scheduling since they are suitable to implement for NP-complete problems. However, they are simple but there is much room to improve these algorithms. This study presents a heuristic scheduling algorithm, called High performance hyper-heuristic scheduling algorithm (HHSA) using detection operator, to find better scheduling solutions for real and cloud computing systems. The two operators - diversity detection and
improvement detection operators - are employed in this algorithm to determine the timing to determine the heuristic algorithm.. These two are employed to dynamically determine a low level heuristic that can be used to find better solution. To evaluate the performance of this method, authors examined the above method with several scheduling algorithms and results prove that Hyper Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm can
significantly decrease the makespan of task scheduling when compared with all other scheduling algorithms.
A novel high-performance hyper-heuristic algorithm is proposed for scheduling on cloud computing systems to
reduce the makespan. This algorithm can be applied to both sequence dependent and sequence independent scheduling problems.
VIRTUAL MACHINE SCHEDULING IN CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTijmpict
Cloud computing is an upcoming technology in dispersed computing facilitating paying for each model as
for each user demand and need. Cloud incorporates a set of virtual machine which comprises both storage
and computational facility. The fundamental goal of cloud computing is to offer effective access to isolated
and geographically circulated resources. Cloud is growing every day and experiences numerous problems
such as scheduling. Scheduling means a collection of policies to regulate the order of task to be executed
by a computer system. An excellent scheduler derives its scheduling plan in accordance with the type of
work and the varying environment. This research paper demonstrates a generalized precedence algorithm
for effective performance of work and contrast with Round Robin and FCFS Scheduling. Algorithm needs
to be tested within CloudSim toolkit and outcome illustrates that it provide good presentation compared
some customary scheduling algorithm.
LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM ON CLOUD COMPUTING FOR OPTIMIZE RESPONE TIMEijccsa
To improve the performance of cloud computing, there are many parameters and issues that we should consider, including resource allocation, resource responsiveness, connectivity to resources, unused resources exploration, corresponding resource mapping and planning for resource. The planning for the use of resources can be based on many kinds of parameters, and the service response time is one of them.
The users can easily figure out the response time of their requests, and it becomes one of the important QoSs. When we discover and explore more on this, response time can provide solutions for the distribution, the load balancing of resources with better efficiency. This is one of the most promising
research directions for improving the cloud technology. Therefore, this paper proposes a load balancing algorithm based on response time of requests on cloud with the name APRA (ARIMA Prediction of Response Time Algorithm), the main idea is to use ARIMA algorithms to predict the coming response time, thus giving a better way of effectively resolving resource allocation with threshold value. The experiment
result outcomes are potential and valuable for load balancing with predicted response time, it shows that prediction is a great direction for load balancing.
Cloud computing is the fastest emerging technology and a novel buzzword in the field of IT domain that offer distinct services, applications and focuses on providing sustainable, reliable, scalable and virtualized resources to its consumer. The main aim of cloud computing is to enhance the use of distributed resources to achieve higher throughput and resource utilization in large-scale computation problems. Scheduling affects the efficiency of cloud and plays a significant role in cloud computing to create high performance environment. The Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of user application define the scheduling of resources. Numbers of researchers have tried to solve these scheduling problems using different QoS based scheduling techniques. In this paper, a detail analysis of resource scheduling methodology is presented, with different types of scheduling based on soft computing techniques, their comparisons, benefits and results are discussed. Major finding of this paper helps researchers to decide suitable approach for scheduling user’s applications considering their QoS requirements.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Hybrid Based Resource Provisioning in CloudEditor IJCATR
The data centres and energy consumption characteristics of the various machines are often noted with different capacities.
The public cloud workloads of different priorities and performance requirements of various applications when analysed we had noted
some invariant reports about cloud. The Cloud data centres become capable of sensing an opportunity to present a different program.
In out proposed work, we are using a hybrid method for resource provisioning in data centres. This method is used to allocate the
resources at the working conditions and also for the energy stored in the power consumptions. Proposed method is used to allocate the
process behind the cloud storage.
A survey of various scheduling algorithm in cloud computing environmenteSAT Journals
Abstract Cloud computing is known as a provider of dynamic services using very large scalable and virtualized resources over the Internet. Due to novelty of cloud computing field, there is no many standard task scheduling algorithm used in cloud environment. Especially that in cloud, there is a high communication cost that prevents well known task schedulers to be applied in large scale distributed environment. Today, researchers attempt to build job scheduling algorithms that are compatible and applicable in Cloud Computing environment Job scheduling is most important task in cloud computing environment because user have to pay for resources used based upon time. Hence efficient utilization of resources must be important and for that scheduling plays a vital role to get maximum benefit from the resources. In this paper we are studying various scheduling algorithm and issues related to them in cloud computing. Index Terms: cloud computing, scheduling, algorithm
A survey of various scheduling algorithm in cloud computing environmenteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Cloud computing gives on-demand access to computing resources in
metered and powerfully adapted way; it empowers the client to get access to
fast and flexible resources through virtualization and widely adaptable for
various applications. Further, to provide assurance of productive
computation, scheduling of task is very much important in cloud
infrastructure environment. Moreover, the main aim of task execution
phenomena is to reduce the execution time and reserve infrastructure;
further, considering huge application, workflow scheduling has drawn fine
attention in business as well as scientific area. Hence, in this research work,
we design and develop an optimized load balancing in parallel computation
aka optimal load balancing in parallel computing (OLBP) mechanism to
distribute the load; at first different parameter in workload is computed and
then loads are distributed. Further OLBP mechanism considers makespan
time and energy as constraint and further task offloading is done considering
the server speed. This phenomenon provides the balancing of workflow;
further OLBP mechanism is evaluated using cyber shake workflow dataset
and outperforms the existing workflow mechanism.
Cloud computing is an emerging technology. It process huge amount of data so scheduling mechanism
works as a vital role in the cloud computing. Thus my protocol is designed to minimize the switching time,
improve the resource utilization and also improve the server performance and throughput. This method or
protocol is based on scheduling the jobs in the cloud and to solve the drawbacks in the existing protocols.
Here we assign the priority to the job which gives better performance to the computer and try my best to
minimize the waiting time and switching time. Best effort has been made to manage the scheduling of jobs
for solving drawbacks of existing protocols and also improvise the efficiency and throughput of the server.
Task Scheduling using Hybrid Algorithm in Cloud Computing Environmentsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Job scheduling in hybrid cloud using deep reinforcement learning for cost opt...ArchanaKalapgar
Project description Using Deep Reinforcement learning, I and my teammate are solving the problem of job scheduling in a hybrid environment to give results with the average job response time at a minimal cost. The software programming environment to be used is Tensor flow, Google Colab, and AWS.
The cloud environment offers an appropriate location for the implementation of huge range of scientific applications. However, in the existing workflows the major dispute is to assign the assets to the tasks in a well-organized way so, that it acquires less finishing time and load on every virtual machines will be impartial. To overcome this problem, GA_ MINMIN has been proposed that combines the features of GA and MINMIN scheduling algorithms. This algorithm is fundamentally a three-layer structure where GA is connected on the main level and hereditary calculation was performed for distributing belonging in an advanced way. At second level, the execution request of the assignments was resolved based on their size. This would be finished with the assistance of MIN-MIN. At third level, all the virtual machines have been running in parallel so that task response time will get decreased with more advanced outcomes. The proposed algorithm has been executed on the simulation environment.
Issues and Challenges in Broadcast Storm Suppression Algorithms of Vehicular ...ieijjournal1
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are the networks of vehicles which are characterized with high
mobility and dynamic changing topology. Most of the communication interchanges in VANETs take place in broadcasting mode, which is supposed to be the simplest way to disseminate (spread) emergency messages all over the vehicular network. This broadcasting technique assures the optimal delivery of emergency messages all over the VANET. However, it also results in unwanted flooding of messages which causes severe contention and collisions in VANETs leading to Broadcast Storm Problem (BSP) and in turn affects the overall performance of VANETs. A Multitude of research work have proposed Broadcast Storm Suppression Algorithms (BSSA) to control this Broadcast Storm. These mechanisms tried to control BSP by either reducing the number of rebroadcasting/ relaying nodes or by identifying the best relay node. The suppression mechanisms help to overcome BSP to certain extent, still there is need to still reduce the number of rebroadcasting nodes in existing mechanisms and also to identify the best possible rebroadcasting node. This would help to mitigate BSP completely and efficiently. This paper presents comparative analysis of various prominent BSSA in order to identify the underlying issues and challenges in controlling BSP completely. The outcome of this paper would provide the requirements for developing an efficient BSSA overcoming the identified issues and challenges.
Low Power SI Class E Power Amplifier and Rf Switch for Health Careieijjournal1
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software. And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ)ieijjournal1
Informatics is rapidly developing field. The study of informatics involves human-computer interaction and how an interface can be built to maximize user-efficiency. Due to the growth in IT, individuals and organizations increasingly process information digitally. This has led to the study of informatics to solve privacy, security, healthcare, education, poverty, and challenges in our environment. The Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) is a open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Informatics. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on the human use of computing fields such as communication, mathematics, multimedia, and human-computer interaction design and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
A NEW HYBRID FOR SOFTWARE COST ESTIMATION USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION A...ieijjournal1
Software Cost Estimation (SCE) is considered one of the most important sections in software engineering
that results in capabilities and well-deserved influence on the processes of cost and effort. Two factors of
cost and effort in software projects determine the success and failure of projects. The project that will be
completed in a certain time and manpower is a successful one and will have good profit to project
managers. In most of the SCE techniques, algorithmic models such as COCOMO algorithm models have
been used. COCOMO model is not capable of estimating the close approximations to the actual cost,
because it runs in the form of linear. So, the models should be adapted that simultaneously with the number
of Lines of Code (LOC) has the ability to estimate in a fair and accurate fashion for effort factors. Metaheuristic
algorithms can be a good model for SCE due to the ability of local and global search. In this
paper, we have used the hybrid of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution (DE) for
the SCE. Test results on NASA60 software dataset show that the rate of Mean Magnitude of Relative Error
(MMRE) error on hybrid model, in comparison with COCOMO model is reduced to about 9.55%.
THE LEFT AND RIGHT BLOCK POLE PLACEMENT COMPARISON STUDY: APPLICATION TO FLIG...ieijjournal1
It is known that if a linear-time-invariant MIMO system described by a state space equation has a number
of states divisible by the number of inputs and it can be transformed to block controller form, we can
design a state feedback controller using block pole placement technique by assigning a set of desired Block
poles. These may be left or right block poles. The idea is to compare both in terms of system’s response.
FROM FPGA TO ASIC IMPLEMENTATION OF AN OPENRISC BASED SOC FOR VOIP APPLICATIONieijjournal1
ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) design verification takes as long as the designers take to
describe, synthesis and implement the design. The hybrid approach, where the design is first prototyped on
an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) platform for functional validation and then implemented as
an ASIC allows earlier defect detection in the design process and thus allows a significant time saving.
This paper deals with a CMOS standard-cell ASIC implementation of a SoC (System on Chip) based on the
OpenRISC processor for Voice over IP (VoIP) application; where a hybrid approach is adopted. The
architecture of the design is mainly based on the reuse of IPs cores described at the RTL level. This RTL
code is technology-independent; hence the design can be ported easily from FPGA to ASIC. Results show
that the SoC occupied the area of 2.64mm². Regarding the power consumption, RTL power estimation is
given.
CLASSIFIER SELECTION MODELS FOR INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM (IDS)ieijjournal1
Any abnormal activity can be assumed to be anomalies intrusion. In the literature several techniques and
algorithms have been discussed for anomaly detection. In the most of cases true positive and false positive
parameters have been used to compare their performance. However, depending upon the application a
wrong true positive or wrong false positive may have severe detrimental effects. This necessitates inclusion
of cost sensitive parameters in the performance. Moreover the most common testing dataset KDD-CUP-99
has huge size of data which intern require certain amount of pre-processing. Our work in this paper starts
with enumerating the necessity of cost sensitive analysis with some real life examples. After discussing
KDD-CUP-99 an approach is proposed for feature elimination and then features selection to reduce the
number of more relevant features directly and size of KDD-CUP-99 indirectly. From the reported
literature general methods for anomaly detection are selected which perform best for different types of
attacks. These different classifiers are clubbed to form an ensemble. A cost opportunistic technique is
suggested to allocate the relative weights to classifiers ensemble for generating the final result. The cost
sensitivity of true positive and false positive results is done and a method is proposed to select the elements
of cost sensitivity metrics for further improving the results to achieve the overall better performance. The
impact on performance trade of due to incorporating the cost sensitivity is discussed.
ADAPTIVE MODELING OF URBAN DYNAMICS DURING EPHEMERAL EVENT VIA MOBILE PHONE T...ieijjournal1
The communication devices have produced digital traces for their users either voluntarily or not. This type
of collective data can give powerful indications that are affecting the urban systems design and
development. In this study mobile phone data during Armada event is investigated. Analyzing mobile
phone traces gives conceptual views about individuals densities and their mobility patterns in the urban
city. The geo-visualization and statistical techniques have been used for understanding human mobility
collectively and individually. The undertaken substantial parameters are inter-event times, travel distances
(displacements) and radius of gyration. They have been analyzed and simulated using computing platform
by integrating various applications for huge database management, visualization, analysis, and
simulation. Accordingly, the general population pattern law has been extracted. The study contribution
outcomes have revealed both the individuals densities in static perspective and individuals mobility in
dynamic perspective with multi levels of abstraction (macroscopic, mesoscopic, microscopic).
AN IMPROVED METHOD TO DETECT INTRUSION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMSieijjournal1
An intrusion detection system detects various malicious behaviors and abnormal activities that might harm
security and trust of computer system. IDS operate either on host or network level via utilizing anomaly
detection or misuse detection. Main problem is to correctly detect intruder attack against computer
network. The key point of successful detection of intrusion is choice of proper features. To resolve the
problems of IDS scheme this research work propose “an improved method to detect intrusion using
machine learning algorithms”. In our paper we use KDDCUP 99 dataset to analyze efficiency of intrusion
detection with different machine learning algorithms like Bayes, NaiveBayes, J48, J48Graft and Random
forest. To identify network based IDS with KDDCUP 99 dataset, experimental results shows that the three
algorithms J48, J48Graft and Random forest gives much better results than other machine learning
algorithms. We use WEKA to check the accuracy of classified dataset via our proposed method. We have
considered all the parameter for computation of result i.e. precision, recall, F – measure and ROC.
CLASS D POWER AMPLIFIER FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONieijjournal1
The objective of this research was to design a 2.4 GHz class AB Power Amplifier (PA), with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) CMOS technology by using Cadence
software, for health care applications. The ultimate goal for such application is to minimize the trade-offs
between performance and cost, and between performance and low power consumption design. This paper
introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class D power amplifier which consists of two stage amplifiers. This
power amplifier can transmit 15dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The power added efficiency was 50%
and the total power consumption was 90.4 mW. The performance of the power amplifier meets the
specification requirements of the desired.
THE PRESSURE SIGNAL CALIBRATION TECHNOLOGY OF THE COMPREHENSIVE TEST SYSTEMieijjournal1
The pressure signal calibration technology of the comprehensive test system which involved pressure
sensors was studied in this paper. The melioration of pressure signal calibration methods was elaborated.
Compared with the calibration methods in the lab and after analyzing the relevant problems,the
calibration technology online was achieved. The test datum and reasons of measuring error analyzed,the
uncertainty evaluation was given and then this calibration method was proved to be feasible and accurate.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three
formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record
or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file
includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the
extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V”
dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity.
Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is
described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about
the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred
research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data
and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of
many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper,
a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and
tools are discussed.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal1
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired.
PRACTICE OF CALIBRATION TECHNOLOGY FOR THE SPECIAL TEST EQUIPMENT ieijjournal1
For the issues encountered in the special test equipment calibration work, based on the characteristics of special test equipment, the calibration point selection,classification of calibration parameters and calibration method of special test equipment are briefly introduced in this paper, at the same time, the preparation and management requirements of calibration specification are described.
Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) ieijjournal1
Informatics is rapidly developing field. The study of informatics involves human-computer interaction and how an interface can be built to maximize user-efficiency. Due to the growth in IT, individuals and organizations increasingly process information digitally. This has led to the study of informatics to solve privacy, security, healthcare, education, poverty, and challenges in our environment. The Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ) is a open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Informatics. The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on the human use of computing fields such as communication, mathematics, multimedia, and human-computer interaction design and establishing new collaborations in these areas.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A HYPER-HEURISTIC METHOD FOR SCHEDULING THEJOBS IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT
1. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
DOI : 10.5121/ieij.2016.4103 23
A HYPER-HEURISTIC METHOD FOR SCHEDULING
THEJOBS IN CLOUD ENVIRONMENT
Deepa.K1*
, Prabhu.S2
, Dr.N.Sengottaiyan3
*1
M.E.Scholar, 2
Assistant Professor,Department of Computer Science &
Engineering, Nandha Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India.
3
Vice Principal,Hindustan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore,
Tamil Nadu, India.
ABSTRACT
Currently cloud computing has turned into a promising technology and has become a great key for
satisfying a flexible service oriented , online provision and storage of computing resources and user’s
information in lesser expense with dynamism framework on pay per use basis.In this technology Job
Scheduling Problem is acritical issue. For well-organizedmanaging and handling resources,
administrations, scheduling plays a vital role. This paper shares out the improved Hyper- Heuristic
Scheduling Approach to schedule resources, by taking account of computation time and makespan with two
detection operators. Operators are used to select the low-level heuristics automatically. Conditional
Revealing Algorithm (CRA)idea is applied for finding the job failures while allocating the resources. We
believe that proposed hyper-heuristic achieve better results than other individual heuristics.
KEYWORDS
Cloud Computing, Job Scheduling Problem, Hyper-Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm, Makespan Time, job
failure.
1. INTRODUCTION
Numerous availablemeasures have been expected to improve, to get better the execution of
information systems; in general with respect to computation, limit and examinations. Since
parallel and in addition distributed computing was widely used to update the execution of a
collection of information systems for different methodologies and heritable limitations in typical
ages. The approach to manage these computer resources effectively, despite of which concern it is
for is the rule issue. Among them, the most critical one for the boomingprocess of computer
system is scheduling. In a given time period the allotment of different jobs to specified resources
is called Scheduling. In the cloud environment, it is one of the most prominentactions that
executeto increase the efficiency of the workload to get maximum profit.
Recently, the new impelprototype has been efficiently utilized for data frameworks and computer
systems i.e. Cloud computing.Organizations today are taking cloud computing as more expert and
intelligible way for building their data inadvance stages. Cloud computing environmentbrings
self-register, self-administration, client relationship administration, self-administration inventory,
organizing and vast information examination. It is actuallywith reference to hardware and
software facility delivered virtually to any device.
2. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
24
Cloud approach is the union of three major abstractions;
Virtualization
Utility Computing and
Software-as-a-Service based on pay-per-usebasis, which is the feature of today’s
computing.
It is the collection of administrations, applications, framework which are present in datacenter. A
hugepart of the Traditional scheduling algorithms are ordinary –based scheduling algorithms
usually used on today's appropriated systems. These algorithms are simple and easy to
accomplish; sincethe issue in handling the widelevel or difficult scheduling issues these
algorithms are inappropriate in acquiring the perfect results.
Heuristics plays a vital role in scheduling on cloud computing Systems. To solve scheduling issue
and reasons of erudition and invention, heuristics hints to several practice based frameworks in
discovering a solution which is sufficient for the given collection of objectives apart from but it is
not definite to be perfect/best. The most vitalpurpose of Hyper-Heuristic is to decideprecise
algorithms for a definite issue on the basis of collection of existing algorithms and their execution
to variousdegrees. The essential deal of the proposed algorithm is to hold the value/quality of
low-level heuristic algorithms like Particle swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony
Optimization (ACO) by coordinating them into single algorithm. To improve the performance of
Hyper-Heuristic approach, various techniques such as Conditional Revealing algorithm isapplied
to look up the overall performance of the system by reducing the makespan time.
The remaining paper is coordinated as follows. Section II begins with a brief introduction of Job
Scheduling problem and Hyper-Heuristic. In Section III Related Work is examined. In Section
IV, The Proposed work has been discussed. Finally, Section VI draws the conclusion notes
together with some understandings about the future research.
2. SCHEDULING IN CLOUD
In Cloud Computing, Scheduling assumes anessential part in effectively dealing with the
computer administrations; it is the progress of enchanting choices in regards to the distribution of
accessible limit and/or resources to jobs and/or clients within the time. Million of clients put
forward cloud administrations by presenting their huge number of processing tasks to the cloud
computing environment. Scheduling of these enormous amounts of tasks is a clash to the cloud
environment. The scheduling catastrophe in cloud makes it tough to work out, imperiously on
account of extensivecomplex jobs like workflows, in order to solve these types of big problems
many algorithms are proposed. Scheduling is the method of partitioning tasks to available
resources on the assertion of task's traits and requirement. The primary objective of scheduling is
prolonged use of the resources without influencing the administrations provided by cloud.
Scheduling technique in cloud is segregated into three stages to be specific;
Resource verdict and sifting: In Resource verdict and sifting the datacenter expert finds
the advantages present in the framework structure and assembles status data regarding to
the benefits.
3. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
25
Resource determination: In Resource determination the objective resource is selected in
context of the necessities of assignments and resources. This is a selection stage.
Task section: In jobpackage, the task is dispersed to choose resource.
The clients will only need to represent the task and point out the details with that of their
provisions. Everything else is handled by the envoy i.e. broker of the cloud provider. The task is
assigned to the resources of the virtual machine and executed.
Fig 1: Scheduling Process on Cloud
3. JOB SCHEDULING PROBLEM
JSP is an optimization concern in which ultimate jobs are owed to resources at definite times in
software engineering and operation research. The major answer for problem is that for example n
jobs must be transformed on m machines, chooses the case of landing of jobs i.e., queue on every
one machine in order to complete all the jobs on all the machines. Here each machine acquires
different timings to complete the requested jobs without any priorities. [5] The problem is to find
the find the best job groupings, setup times on the machines in minimum time by using the ACO
computation. A job shop ordinarily comprises of large number of general purpose machines, as
opposed to several purpose machines which would typically happen in an assembly line. Every
job relying on its technological fundamentals, requests handling on machines are done in an
order. The JSP should be an extremely puzzling issue. Numerically, the greatest no. of possible
progressions with n jobs and m machines is (n!)m i.e. greatly considerable. The issue is ordinarily
explained by close estimation or heuristic procedures. The prerequisite for job scheduling in
4. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
26
cloud focuses on a couple of parameters, for instance, load equality, throughput, Quality of
Service (QOS), running time, adequacy, cost, space and so forth. Besides, upgrade the class of
entire distributed computing environment.
3.1. Need of scheduling
In Cloud, the job scheduling objectives is to provide ideal task schedulingto clients, and afford
the entire cloud framework QoSand throughput in the meantime. The needs of job scheduling in
cloud computing are as follows:
Load Balance - In the cloud environment, Load Balancing and task scheduling has
determinedlyassociated with one another. Task scheduling system is in charge for the
perfect coordinating of tasks and resources. Task scheduling algorithm can uphold load
balancing. Thus load balancing get to be another essential measure in the cloud.
Quality of Service - The cloud is mainly to deliver clients with processing and cloud
storage administrations, resource interest for clients and resources supplied by supplier to
the clients in such a way so that , quality of service can beaccomplished. When job
scheduling management comes to job portion, it is significant to make sure about QoS of
resources.
Best running time - Jobs can be partitioned into various classes as per the requests of
clients, and after that locate the best running time on the basis of distinctive objectives for
every task. It will improve the QoS of task scheduling ultimately in a cloud infrastructure.
Economic Principles - Cloud computing resources are largely appropriated all the way
through the world. These resources may belong to distinguishinglinks. Each
association/links have their own particular administration approaches. As a business
representation, cloud computing as indicated by the distinctprovisions, give major
administrations. So the significance charges are realistic.
4. HYPER-HEURISTICS
Heuristics are the trouble solving method which can be utilized to patch up the testing and non-
routine issues. The main three key operations are Transition, Evaluation and Determination
(TED) of heuristics has been utilized to search for the feasible solutions on the convergence
system.
Transition (T) makes the collection (s) s is the solution space, by utilizing routines which
could be either pertubative or productive or both.
Evaluation (E): measures the appropriateness of (s), by making use of predefined
estimation.
Determination (D): decides the subsequent search directions based on (s) from the
transition operation and evaluation operation.
The comprehensiverevision of heuristic join together two or all the more high –performance
scheduling algorithms which can give a superior scheduling in a logical time i.e. Hyper-
heuristics. It is intended to expertise their heuristic evaluation process. Hyper-heuristics aims to
5. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
27
find out some algorithms that are ready for solving an entire scale of issues, with slight or non-
coordinate human control. There may be an immeasurable number of heuristics from which one
can make a decision for solving an issue, and each heuristic has its own precise points of interest
and inconveniences. The thought is to accordinglyformulate algorithms by strengthen the quality
and modifying for the shortcomings of identified heuristics. Ausualframework incorporates a high
level methodology and numerous low level heuristics [2]. At the point when an problem is given,
the high level approach picks which low level heuristic must to be applied and this depends on
the search space of the issue and the present issue state. The issues are solved by finding a
solution from the array of every possible solution for a given concern, which is viewed as the
"search space". The learning point have to refine the algorithms, so that the algorithm solutions
consequently deal with the needs of the training set and issues of a certain class can be clarified
more profitably. The reaction mechanism should move towards ideal algorithm solutions in the
workspace, as it helps the determination of heuristic. Hyper Heuristic is the organization of two
or more heuristic algorithms and expects to tell what measures of meta-heuristics are used to
solve the current problem. Moreover it can be used to characterize the appropriate meta-heuristic
for the given problem. The key idea of Hyper-heuristic is to use "unique"heuristic algorithm at
each iteration, with a specific finishingtarget to keep up high search multiplicity to build the
opportunity of finding better solutions at later cycles at the same time as not increasing the
makespan.
5. PRIOR WORK
Various authors have figured over the JSP and have been seen as N-P hard problem.. With the
procedure of Heuristic approach, a couple of frameworks were anticipated by authors to handle
this scheduling problem and among those schedules that have accomplished best results are: In
1985, Davis proposed Job Shop Problem with the use of Genetic Algorithm. There are various
works nearby the use of advancement procedures. In 2014, C.W.Tsai[1] proposed a novel Hyper-
Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm to comprehend JSP to decrease makespan time and to discover
better scheduling solutions for cloud computing frameworks. Two detection operators have been
utilized by the proposed algorithm to adjust the intensification and expansion in the hunt of
solutions during the convergence procedure. Shortest Processing Time (SPT) cross breed
heuristic methodology has been proposed by Zhon and Feng for dealing with scheduling issue.
Feasible pheromone adjustment system for advancement of fundamental ant structure which
offers in examination of the arrangement space is proposed by Zhang.J[2]. Total Make span time
of set of jobs is minimizing by applying heuristic method [27] of SPT (Shortest Processing Time)
and methodology of LMC (Largest Marginal Contribution) by Aftab.M.T. In 2012, [26]
S.B.Zhan has proposed an examination concerning the usage of Improved Particle Swarm
Optimization combined with Simulated Annealing Algorithm in resource scheduling procedure of
cloud computing to streamline the JSP, by expanding the convergence speed and use proportion
of resources. In 2013, R.G.Babukarthik [29]have proposed a Hybrid Algorithm build on Ant
Colony Optimization and Cuckoo Search to advance JSP.B.T.Bini[30] has proposed Hyper-
Heuristic Scheduling on Cloud based frameworks. Genetic and Simulated Annealing Algorithms
are utilized as a part of the candidate pool as low-level heuristic algorithms. In further the
Differential evolution consolidated with the Genetic algorithm to expand the execution,
maximum Lateness, maximum tardiness, makespan and maximum stream time are the execution
measurements, utilized to make examinations.
6. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
28
6. THE PROPOSED WORK
In cloud computing systems to indenture the makespan time of jobs, a high level performance
“Improved Hyper-Heuristic Scheduling Algorithm (IHHSA)” is proposed. This Algorithm
combines two low-level scheduling algorithms i.e. ACO and PSO to kick offbest scheduling
solutions with low calculation time. From the puddle/pool of candidate one algorithm is picking
as heuristic algorithm. Two operators are used i.e. diversity detection operator that automatically
build out which algorithm is picked and perturbation operator to optimize the resultsproduced by
each of these algorithms to further boostmakespan time. The key idea of Hyper-heuristic is to use
"unique" heuristic algorithm at each iteration, with a specific finishing target to keep up high
search multiplicity to build the opportunity of finding better solutions at later cycles at the same
time as not increasing the makespan. For the additionalenhancement in the performance of HHSA
approach, in terms of lower makespan time, conditional revealing operator is used to find the job
failures.
6.1. The Intensification Operator
Intensification operator is used to pick up the low- level heuristics Hi from the search space/
candidate pool.For that simple random method is used to pick up the heuristics. In line with
observation, the BSFMK ( best so far completion time i.e., makespan for both Simulated
Annealing and Genetic Algorithm could continue to get better results at early iterations (e.g.,
below 200 iterations), but it is hard to improve the results at afterward iterations (e.g., later 800
iterations), particularly when the search directions come together to a small number of directions.
Here we are using ACO and PSO algorithms to find the BSFMK based on iterations. If the
selected Hi cannot progress the BSFMK after a row of later iterations, the intensification operator
will return a fake value to the high level agitated centre to point out that it should pick up a new
LLH. The intensification operator will return a fake value in three situations:
When the maximum number of iterations is reached,
Whenthe solutions are not better, and
When the stop state is reached.
6.2. The Diversity Revealing Operator
Further the intensification operator, the diversity revealing operator is used by IHHSA to make a
decision “when” to vary the low-level heuristic algorithm Hi. Here the first solution is used as a
threshold value. Then the range of the current solution is computed and it can be taken as the
average of the jobs. If the range of the current solution is less than the threshold value the
operator returns false value and then it automatically goes to select a new LLH (low-level
heuristics).
6.3. Conditional Revealing Operator
Condition revealing operator is to establish the selection of server for scheduling the task with
various parameters and timings to take up the low-level heuristic algorithm. By using this
operator, the job failures can be easily identified and can analyse the cause of failure. It calculates
the number of failure jobs from the earlier service. Job failure can be predict by the type of job,
time dependency, factor involved with job failures. Unsuitability prediction can also be checked
7. Informatics Engineering, an International Journal (IEIJ), Vol.4, No.1, March 2016
29
to avoid delays. Job state ex: active/finished/paused and acknowledgement are factors considered
to check frequently.
6.4. Algorithm for Improved HHSA procedure
1) The parameter set up over search space.
2) Give input to the job scheduling problem.
3) The population of solutions X = {x1, x2, ...,xn }can be Initialize.
4) Select a heuristic algorithm Hi based on the Iterations from the candidate pool H.
5) If termination criteria is met
6) {
7) End;
8) }
9) else
10) {
11) continue;
12) }
13) Update the population of solutions X, and feedback F by using the selected algorithm Hi.
14) F1 = Intensification operator(X).
15) F2= Diversity operator(X)
16) F3=Conditional operator(X)
17) If ψ(Hi, F1,F2,F3)
18) filer and select Hi based on the F.
19) Output the best so far solution as the final solution.
20) end
7. CONCLUSION
In this paper an efficientfine-tuned high –level heuristic for a job scheduling problem to reduce
the comprehensive make span time of given collection is displayed. The projected algorithm uses
three revealing operators. The intensification and diversity operators is proposed on longing to
make out when to variant the low-level heuristic algorithm and a conditional revealing operator to
shine up the outcome gained by each low-level algorithm to enhance the scheduling possessions
in terms of makespan. The Improved Hyper Heuristicsprovidesenhanced results than the usual
rule-based algorithms and also other heuristic algorithms in cloud computing environments.The
simple suggestion of the projected “improved hyper-heuristic” algorithm is to influence the
possessions of all the low-level algorithms. The majorpart is that to identify with the form of
job/task failures with the purpose of civilizing the reliability of the necessary cloud infrastructure
from the viewpoint of cloud providers.
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