Abstract
The current project deals with safety management in highways and infrastructure (Buildings and Roads).The research is partly doctrinal and partly empirical in natural. Research tools used is fuzzy logic. The scope research has been to mainly cover highways and infrastructure (Buildings and Roads).The topic of construction includes the process of Highways, Building and society roads, construction and maintenance, including the design of respective construction, contracting, accomplishing, supervision, and maintenance of Highways, Building, society roads and related structures. Our study of project will fulfil the safety requirements by using Fuzzy logic that should be consider before starting highways and infrastructure (Buildings and Roads) and this study will be very helpful in construction industry. as this study will decrease the chances of accidents as well as to save lives. Today so many people lose their lives when traffic has to move through maintenance works and road construction every year also during the construction of Buildings. The cases of construction section injuries and accidental death are predicted to go even higher than now. Construction in highways and infrastructure (Building and Roads) covers various activities, techniques, materials and source of danger therefore because of this conditions the probability of accidents increases every time. The fact is construction industry has the most disappointing record of safety compare to all industrial sectors, with a risk of casualty 5 times higher than several other industry in the world. The higher rate of accidents and deaths in the construction industry compare to all other industries are may be due to the process of the construction work. The factors due to which the rate of accidents are high in construction industry are such as poor planning, lack of safety training, lack of supervision, lack of safety equipment , and lack of incident investigation helps to create more problems in future. Hence, by using Multi criteria decision making by Fuzzy logic will reduce the risk of accidents while construction of highways and infrastructure (Building and Roads).
Keywords: Highway and Infrastructure Safety, Defuzzification, Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making, Expert Opinion, Linguistic Terms and Safety Potential Index
Application of cost effective technology in low cost housing and their propag...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the application and propagation of cost-effective technologies in low-cost housing in Kerala, India. It describes how the study assessed the economics of various cost-effective building materials and methods compared to conventional techniques. A questionnaire survey was conducted among various income groups to evaluate awareness of cost-effective technologies. The results of the survey were analyzed using statistical tools. Various tables in the results section compare different factors like house ownership, construction materials used, and awareness of organizations promoting low-cost housing techniques. The study concluded the educational qualifications and awareness of groups like Nirmithi Kendra influence the selection and use of cost-effective building methods.
The final cost of public school building projects, like other construction projects, is unknown
to the owner till the account closure. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used in an attempt to
predict the final cost of two story (12 classes) school projects under lowest bid system of award
before work starts. A database of (65) school projects records completed in (2007-2012) are used to
develop and verify the ANN model. Based on expert opinions, nine out of eleven parameters are
considered to have the most significant impact on the magnitude of final cost. Hence they are used as
model inputs while the output of the model is going to be the final cost (FC). These parameters are;
accepted bid price, average bid price, estimated cost, contractor rank, supervising engineer
experience, project location, number of bidders, year of contracting, and contractual duration. It was
found that ANN has the ability to predict the final cost for school projects with very good degree of
accuracy having a coefficient of correlation (R) of (91%), and an average accuracy percentage of
(99.98%).
The construction labour shortage in johor bahru, malaysiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Construction industry is one of the sectors that require the Labor intensive to fulfill the work site. However, we always hear the problems related to the shortage of the construction workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study are to estimate the current shortage composition of construction labor, to evaluate the problem faced by contractor when hired labor, to examine contractor method of acquiring construction labor, and to investigate the strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage of labor. The questionnaire will be distributed to the 35 of construction site which targeting project representative that involved with construction site in Johor Bahru district, Malaysia, in order to obtain their feedback related to this topic. The Johor Bahru district is located in the southern part of Johor in the Malay Peninsula, separated from Singapore by Straits of Johor. The district covers an area of 1,871 km² and has a population of over 2 million. The data will be analyzed using SPSS 16 in order to obtain average index, frequencies and percentage calculation. The result obtained from analysis will be represent in data table, bar and pie chart. The result of this study indicates that the current shortage and demand of the current construction are about 12.14% from the total labor workforce which is about 360 workers for 35 projects sites. Keywords: Construction, Foreign Workers, Shortage, Strategies
IRJET- Road Accident Prediction using Machine Learning AlgorithmIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that predicts road accidents using machine learning algorithms. It discusses how large datasets have enabled data mining techniques to discover useful information. The paper aims to determine the most suitable machine learning classification technique for road accident prediction. It uses logistic regression, an algorithm that predicts a binary outcome (yes/no). The researchers clean the data, divide it into training and testing sets, and use logistic regression in Jupyter notebooks with the Python programming language. It provides percentage predictions of accident likelihood to users through a website interface. The results show logistic regression can accurately predict accidents for numerical data but has limitations for non-numerical text data.
IRJET- Algorithms for the Prediction of Traffic AccidentsIRJET Journal
This document discusses algorithms for predicting traffic accidents using association rules. It first provides background on studying factors that influence traffic accidents and using data mining approaches like association rules. It then reviews related literature applying decision trees and other algorithms to injury severity prediction. The document proposes a method to calculate minimum support and automatically extract strong association rules from accident data to predict patterns and promote applications in intelligent transportation systems.
4Data Mining Approach of Accident Occurrences Identification with Effective M...IJECEIAES
Data mining is used in various domains of research to identify a new cause for tan effect in the society over the globe. This article includes the same reason for using the data mining to identify the Accident Occurrences in different regions and to identify the most valid reason for happening accidents over the globe. Data Mining and Advanced Machine Learning algorithms are used in this research approach and this article discusses about hyperline, classifications, pre-processing of the data, training the machine with the sample datasets which are collected from different regions in which we have structural and semi-structural data. We will dive into deep of machine learning and data mining classification algorithms to find or predict something novel about the accident occurrences over the globe. We majorly concentrate on two classification algorithms to minify the research and task and they are very basic and important classification algorithms. SVM (Support vector machine), CNB Classifier. This discussion will be quite interesting with WEKA tool for CNB classifier, Bag of Words Identification, Word Count and Frequency Calculation.
Rule Optimization of Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno using Evolution Strategy f...IJECEIAES
The need for accurate load forecasts will increase in the future because of the dramatic changes occurring in the electricity consumption. Sugeno fuzzy inference system (FIS) can be used for short-term load forecasting. However, challenges in the electrical load forecasting are the data used the data trend. Therefore, it is difficult to develop appropriate fuzzy rules for Sugeno FIS. This paper proposes Evolution Strategy method to determine appropriate rules for Sugeno FIS that have minimum forecasting error. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used to evaluate the goodness of the forecasting result. The numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed optimized Sugeno FIS for several test-case problems. The optimized Sugeno FIS produce lower RMSE comparable to those achieved by other wellknown method in the literature.
Development Principles of Knowledge Database of Intelligent System for Estima...ITIIIndustries
In the paper, a principles underlying the construction of an intelligent information system estimated results of the dynamic interaction of orbital systems with space debris is presented. It describes the knowledge database model based on these principles which is the synthesis of theoretical and practical information in the field of estimating the high-speed interaction of objects.
Application of cost effective technology in low cost housing and their propag...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the application and propagation of cost-effective technologies in low-cost housing in Kerala, India. It describes how the study assessed the economics of various cost-effective building materials and methods compared to conventional techniques. A questionnaire survey was conducted among various income groups to evaluate awareness of cost-effective technologies. The results of the survey were analyzed using statistical tools. Various tables in the results section compare different factors like house ownership, construction materials used, and awareness of organizations promoting low-cost housing techniques. The study concluded the educational qualifications and awareness of groups like Nirmithi Kendra influence the selection and use of cost-effective building methods.
The final cost of public school building projects, like other construction projects, is unknown
to the owner till the account closure. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is used in an attempt to
predict the final cost of two story (12 classes) school projects under lowest bid system of award
before work starts. A database of (65) school projects records completed in (2007-2012) are used to
develop and verify the ANN model. Based on expert opinions, nine out of eleven parameters are
considered to have the most significant impact on the magnitude of final cost. Hence they are used as
model inputs while the output of the model is going to be the final cost (FC). These parameters are;
accepted bid price, average bid price, estimated cost, contractor rank, supervising engineer
experience, project location, number of bidders, year of contracting, and contractual duration. It was
found that ANN has the ability to predict the final cost for school projects with very good degree of
accuracy having a coefficient of correlation (R) of (91%), and an average accuracy percentage of
(99.98%).
The construction labour shortage in johor bahru, malaysiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Construction industry is one of the sectors that require the Labor intensive to fulfill the work site. However, we always hear the problems related to the shortage of the construction workers. Therefore, the purpose of this study are to estimate the current shortage composition of construction labor, to evaluate the problem faced by contractor when hired labor, to examine contractor method of acquiring construction labor, and to investigate the strategies taken by contractor to overcome shortage of labor. The questionnaire will be distributed to the 35 of construction site which targeting project representative that involved with construction site in Johor Bahru district, Malaysia, in order to obtain their feedback related to this topic. The Johor Bahru district is located in the southern part of Johor in the Malay Peninsula, separated from Singapore by Straits of Johor. The district covers an area of 1,871 km² and has a population of over 2 million. The data will be analyzed using SPSS 16 in order to obtain average index, frequencies and percentage calculation. The result obtained from analysis will be represent in data table, bar and pie chart. The result of this study indicates that the current shortage and demand of the current construction are about 12.14% from the total labor workforce which is about 360 workers for 35 projects sites. Keywords: Construction, Foreign Workers, Shortage, Strategies
IRJET- Road Accident Prediction using Machine Learning AlgorithmIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that predicts road accidents using machine learning algorithms. It discusses how large datasets have enabled data mining techniques to discover useful information. The paper aims to determine the most suitable machine learning classification technique for road accident prediction. It uses logistic regression, an algorithm that predicts a binary outcome (yes/no). The researchers clean the data, divide it into training and testing sets, and use logistic regression in Jupyter notebooks with the Python programming language. It provides percentage predictions of accident likelihood to users through a website interface. The results show logistic regression can accurately predict accidents for numerical data but has limitations for non-numerical text data.
IRJET- Algorithms for the Prediction of Traffic AccidentsIRJET Journal
This document discusses algorithms for predicting traffic accidents using association rules. It first provides background on studying factors that influence traffic accidents and using data mining approaches like association rules. It then reviews related literature applying decision trees and other algorithms to injury severity prediction. The document proposes a method to calculate minimum support and automatically extract strong association rules from accident data to predict patterns and promote applications in intelligent transportation systems.
4Data Mining Approach of Accident Occurrences Identification with Effective M...IJECEIAES
Data mining is used in various domains of research to identify a new cause for tan effect in the society over the globe. This article includes the same reason for using the data mining to identify the Accident Occurrences in different regions and to identify the most valid reason for happening accidents over the globe. Data Mining and Advanced Machine Learning algorithms are used in this research approach and this article discusses about hyperline, classifications, pre-processing of the data, training the machine with the sample datasets which are collected from different regions in which we have structural and semi-structural data. We will dive into deep of machine learning and data mining classification algorithms to find or predict something novel about the accident occurrences over the globe. We majorly concentrate on two classification algorithms to minify the research and task and they are very basic and important classification algorithms. SVM (Support vector machine), CNB Classifier. This discussion will be quite interesting with WEKA tool for CNB classifier, Bag of Words Identification, Word Count and Frequency Calculation.
Rule Optimization of Fuzzy Inference System Sugeno using Evolution Strategy f...IJECEIAES
The need for accurate load forecasts will increase in the future because of the dramatic changes occurring in the electricity consumption. Sugeno fuzzy inference system (FIS) can be used for short-term load forecasting. However, challenges in the electrical load forecasting are the data used the data trend. Therefore, it is difficult to develop appropriate fuzzy rules for Sugeno FIS. This paper proposes Evolution Strategy method to determine appropriate rules for Sugeno FIS that have minimum forecasting error. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is used to evaluate the goodness of the forecasting result. The numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed optimized Sugeno FIS for several test-case problems. The optimized Sugeno FIS produce lower RMSE comparable to those achieved by other wellknown method in the literature.
Development Principles of Knowledge Database of Intelligent System for Estima...ITIIIndustries
In the paper, a principles underlying the construction of an intelligent information system estimated results of the dynamic interaction of orbital systems with space debris is presented. It describes the knowledge database model based on these principles which is the synthesis of theoretical and practical information in the field of estimating the high-speed interaction of objects.
This document outlines electrical safety requirements and procedures for working with electrical equipment. It discusses hazards of electricity, requirements for special training and authorization before conducting electrical work, safe work practices such as locking out and tagging energy sources, use of personal protective equipment, inspection and testing requirements for electrical tools and equipment, and maintaining a safe work area. Electrical safety is important as electrical hazards can result in severe injury or death.
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
This document proposes a hybrid architecture for improving semantics in smart spaces using reactive fuzzy rules. The architecture combines a crisp knowledge base (KB) using SPARQL and event notifications, and a fuzzy KB using a fuzzy description logic reasoner. It connects the two KBs with a rule engine that handles subscriptions to each type of event. This hybrid approach allows both quantitative and qualitative representations of context to provide a flexible framework for developing smart space applications. Future work includes optimizing performance, standardizing a fuzzy extension of SPARQL, and exploring alternatives to data redundancy while maintaining consistency across the two KBs.
This document discusses software security engineering. It covers security concepts like assets, vulnerabilities and threats. It discusses why security engineering is important to protect systems from malicious attackers. The document outlines security risk management processes like preliminary risk assessment. It also discusses designing systems for security through architectural choices that provide protection and distributing assets. The document concludes by covering system survivability through building resistance, recognition and recovery capabilities into systems.
Software Engineering and Information SecurityMassimo Felici
This document discusses perspectives on software engineering and information security research from Massimo Felici. It provides an overview of Felici's background and experience in these areas. It also discusses the rationale for considering both software engineering and security, using examples like the 2011 Sony security breach. Felici then outlines some research perspectives including requirements analysis, risk analysis, system design and validation. Felici also discusses the impact of this research and potential future research directions.
Engineering controls in safety, health environment management Pawan Kumar Pathak
This presentation makes us to know about The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers from being exposed to occupational hazards.
that we can safety controls the engineering equipments which mainly causes health hazards...!!!!!
which the major categories like
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment.
A study of various factors affecting risk management techniques in constructi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Risk management is an important step which should not be neglect or ignore in every project. Because of various risk involved in construction, it is difficult to maintain time, cost and quality as planned. Project undertaken in the construction sector are widely complex and have often significant budgets, and thus reducing the risk associated should be a priority for each project manager. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the key risk factors that affect construction project. Questionnaires has been prepared incorporating of 50 difference questions after which questionnaire survey was conducted where the questions has been focused based on (component of questionnaire) the respondents were selected based on their susceptibility to the risk. The data was analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result shows that the inadequate planning in construction project, poor adoption of site safety, supply and use of defective materials and poor resources management in construction project are all among the forefront key risk factors which affect construction project, meanwhile, effective recommendations have been developed to increases the efficiency, speedy and minimises risk and abortive work in construction project.
Keywords: Construction Industries, Construction Projects, Risks Management, Techniques
Implementation of construction safety in reinforced concrete constructions ex...eSAT Journals
Abstract In order to achieve the purpose of this research, a special questionnaire were designed to fulfill the task of this research, exemplified the subject of safety where what is supposed to be present in the workplace and means of prevention that contribute to raising the safety and industrial security degree rate to the highest level, based on the regulations and safety standards followed in Saudi Arabia, compared to what is the case they have both in field sites or within constructions, the questionnaire has been distributed in some construction projects distributed in different places located in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and has been narrowed in the building and construction sector category, then study what came in its provisions, for the purpose of the process of analyzing, and to study the causes of accidents, in order to achieve the aim of this research. Keywords – Safety, Constructions and Safety, Minimizing Accident, Construction Management
Characteristic data analysis of occupational accident in heavy engineering in...eSAT Publishing House
The document analyzes occupational accident data from a heavy engineering industry from 2012-2013. It categorizes accidents by shift, age, employment type, injury location, nature of injury, and accident type. Statistical analysis finds the accident rate was highest in the first shift, among workers aged 20-29, and for contractor employees. Most injuries occurred to fingers and were cuts. Unsafe acts like operating without permission contributed to accidents. The goal is to understand accident causes to implement preventative measures and reduce future incidents.
Safety and health risk assessment at oman building construction projectseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Safety and health risk assessment at oman building construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract In this research a field survey was conducted via 30 interviews with safety and health experts and risk management staff in the field of construction industry in Oman followed by a questionnaire divided into six categories. 151 responses were analysed. The aim was to explore the availability, awareness, type and implementation of ORA. Six key risks were identified; namely: working at heights; working on fragile roofs; using electrical equipment; working under high voltage overhead power lines; working in confined spaces; working without knowing how to use the provided emergency equipment. All respondents were male gender and 61 per cent of them were below the age of 40. 59 per cent of respondents have education equal to or below the national diploma (≤ 12 level). 75.5 per cent of the respondents work in construction industry followed by the consultants (19%). 53 per cent of respondents were labourers and technicians. 96 per cent of projects were residential, commercial or a combination of residential and commercials buildings. 81.3 per cent of workers were having equal or less than 10 years of experience in the construction projects. 53 per cent of respondents never experienced fatality during their work. 53.6 per cent of respondents indicated that they do not have Risk Assessment Matrix for Occupational Safety and Health. All respondents agreed that it is important or very important to apply Occupational Risk Assessment Matrix in accordance with the local regulations. Only 42.4 per cent strongly agree that HSE personal should carry out risk assessment before any activity. Most respondents showed willingness of applying risk management by workers.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed risk management practices in the logistics and construction industries regarding human safety. The study found that worker training was the most critical factor for improving safety based on a survey of employees. Ensuring safety compliance and adequate communication about safety procedures were also important. The study recommends that companies provide regular safety training and incentives, maintain accident records, and compensate workers for injuries to improve safety culture. Overall, the research indicates a relationship between worker safety initiatives like training and better safety management practices in these high-risk industries.
Quantifying modelingon risk of travel demand and measure to sustaining road s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In these days urbanization of road transportation facilities are more complexity to developing in the form of to improve road safety. With the increased usage of Vehicles has enhanced the need for developing the infrastructure where these motor vehicles can move safely. By developing safe roads which connect destinations and cities is a key foundation to infrastructural development in a safe connectivity of road transportation. Mainly in this study can approach the road safety by using principal component analysis(PCA) by using MAT LAB and geographical information system (GIS) Arc-GIS software to develop base maps and accident causing zones identify in the study area. In this study an attempt has been made to study the existing road network for Ongole, Pernamitta village road (Kurnool road state highway) area and propose the necessary improvements to be done. And this model presented in this paper discussing with a multi set of variables under the one dimensionality set to identifying and deriving the new data set for risk identify zones with raking by this analysis of principal component analysis. The safety audit is defined as the place or location which causes number of accidents. It may be curve or faulty infrastructure. Such accidents are taken as input from Ongole taluka Police Station at Ongole for further study. These accidents are registered from First Information Report (FIR) informed by people. The study areas taken into consideration are Ongole to Pernamitta village Road (Ongole to Kurnool UN divided two way line state highway). The aim of this study is to minimize the accidents and find out the risk identify zones on the particular road network. Key words: road safety,faulty infrastructure, PCA analysis, Arc-GIS,FIR and urbanization.
Occupational health and safety (ohs) management vis à-vis different phases of...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Accidents at construction sites are identified as a major problem throughout the world. Apart from the accidents at construction
sites, people working in the construction industry suffer from several occupational health disorders. In this backdrop,
implementation of an effective occupational health and safety measures are gaining importance these days across the world. In
line with this discussion, the present paper aims at assessment of occupational health and safety management w.r.t. different
phases of construction activates i.e. pre-construction, construction and post-construction phases. It is observed that, the concept
of occupational health and safety is not only applicable construction phase but also equally applicable to both pre-construction
and post-construction.
Key Words: Occupational health, safety, accidents, construction phase, pre-construction phase, post- construction
phase, safety culture, safety assessment
Prediction of transportation specialized views of median safetyiaemedu
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a hierarchical fuzzy inference system to analyze transportation experts' subjective opinions on factors influencing median safety. It describes constructing fuzzy membership functions based on literature reviews and experts' judgments to represent how six factors (ADT, median width, etc.) influence safety. A hierarchical structure reduces computational complexity. The system was validated by comparing its fuzzy median safety index values to observed crash data. Results showed indexes increasing exponentially with crash frequency, indicating the system reasonably explains median safety on the roadways studied.
Prediction of transportation specialized views of median safetyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a hierarchical fuzzy inference system to analyze transportation experts' subjective opinions on factors influencing median safety. It describes constructing fuzzy membership functions based on literature reviews and experts' judgments to represent how six factors (ADT, median width, etc.) influence safety. A hierarchical structure reduces computational complexity. The system was validated by comparing its fuzzy median safety index values to observed crash data. Results showed indexes increasing exponentially with crash frequency, indicating the system reasonably explains median safety for the studied roadways.
IRJET- Risk Assessment of Public Private Partnership Projects In KeralaIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on identifying and assessing risk factors for public-private partnership projects in Kerala, India. A questionnaire was distributed to public and private sector professionals to rate the probability and severity of 30 identified risks. Statistical analysis found land acquisition to be the most significant risk due to its high probability and severity. Other top risks included delays in project approvals, political opposition, and inflation. The study aims to help equitably allocate risks between the public and private sectors to improve success of PPP projects in Kerala.
“Analysis & Critical study of Impacts of RERA Act, 2016 on Housing Projects i...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research analyzing the impacts of India's Real Estate Regulation and Development Act (RERA) of 2016 on housing projects in Kolhapur. It begins with an abstract describing the study's focus on Kolhapur City and investigation of RERA's impact on India's construction industry through questionnaires using a Likert scale. Key findings include that RERA has positively impacted the industry by increasing transparency, accountability, and protections for home buyers, but has also increased project costs and registration fees. The document then provides an in-depth literature review of previous research analyzing various factors of delays in construction projects and RERA's effects. It concludes with suggestions that while RERA has improved commitments to buyers,
“Analysis & Critical study of Impacts of RERA Act, 2016 on Housing Projects i...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research analyzing the impacts of India's Real Estate Regulation and Development Act (RERA) of 2016 on housing projects in Kolhapur. It begins with an abstract describing the study's focus on Kolhapur City and investigation of RERA's impact on India's construction industry through questionnaires using a Likert scale. Key findings include that RERA has positively impacted the industry by increasing transparency, accountability, and protections for home buyers, but has also increased project costs and registration fees. The document then provides an in-depth literature review of previous research analyzing various factors of delays in construction projects and RERA's effects. It concludes with suggestions that while RERA has improved commitments to buyers,
IRJET- Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting Management and Maintenance of Urban...IRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing risk factors that affect the management and maintenance of urban transportation infrastructure. It begins with an abstract that outlines challenges facing urban transportation systems in developing countries, including high demand that exceeds existing road capacity. The document then aims to identify risk factors that influence the performance and lifespan of transportation facilities over their lifecycle. It discusses conducting a survey of experts to determine common and frequently occurring risks. Key risks identified through literature review include management risks, operational risks, environmental risks, political/government risks, technological risks, construction risks, project finance risks, and other risks like natural disasters. The methodology involves collecting data on risks through questionnaires, analyzing the responses using a Likert scale to rate the likelihood and impact of each risk,
STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF HUMAN SAFETY PROTECTION FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYIAEME Publication
Objectives:To show that effective implementation of safety protection factors will lead to zeroaccident project. To prove that there must be noticeable enhancement of safetyrequired in the construction industry. Methods/Analysis:Understanding the problems associated with the existing safety performancein the construction industry. Identifying the organization which implementingeffective safety performance in the site and taken it as case study. Extracting the personnelsafety factors from the above case studies where the maximum potentialpossibilities of accidents happen. Progressed with the questionnaire survey onextracted factors. Analysis of the data and extracting results. Findings: From the analysis of 40responses to questionnaire it shows thathuman safety protection factors is implementing in every constructionorganization but not in at the most effectiveway so that accidents are taking place in construction industry. So there isgreat need to enhance safety protection factors in construction industry. Applications: Regular use of humansafety protection factors is must for any organization that leads to betterenhancement on the safety in site. Projective knowledge on safety to engineersleads to zero accident as per the following case study which is most usefulfactor for an organization for safety performance of the project. Recommendationsmentioned in paper is applicable to any construction organization those areinfluencing with safety problems.
This document outlines electrical safety requirements and procedures for working with electrical equipment. It discusses hazards of electricity, requirements for special training and authorization before conducting electrical work, safe work practices such as locking out and tagging energy sources, use of personal protective equipment, inspection and testing requirements for electrical tools and equipment, and maintaining a safe work area. Electrical safety is important as electrical hazards can result in severe injury or death.
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
This document proposes a hybrid architecture for improving semantics in smart spaces using reactive fuzzy rules. The architecture combines a crisp knowledge base (KB) using SPARQL and event notifications, and a fuzzy KB using a fuzzy description logic reasoner. It connects the two KBs with a rule engine that handles subscriptions to each type of event. This hybrid approach allows both quantitative and qualitative representations of context to provide a flexible framework for developing smart space applications. Future work includes optimizing performance, standardizing a fuzzy extension of SPARQL, and exploring alternatives to data redundancy while maintaining consistency across the two KBs.
This document discusses software security engineering. It covers security concepts like assets, vulnerabilities and threats. It discusses why security engineering is important to protect systems from malicious attackers. The document outlines security risk management processes like preliminary risk assessment. It also discusses designing systems for security through architectural choices that provide protection and distributing assets. The document concludes by covering system survivability through building resistance, recognition and recovery capabilities into systems.
Software Engineering and Information SecurityMassimo Felici
This document discusses perspectives on software engineering and information security research from Massimo Felici. It provides an overview of Felici's background and experience in these areas. It also discusses the rationale for considering both software engineering and security, using examples like the 2011 Sony security breach. Felici then outlines some research perspectives including requirements analysis, risk analysis, system design and validation. Felici also discusses the impact of this research and potential future research directions.
Engineering controls in safety, health environment management Pawan Kumar Pathak
This presentation makes us to know about The goal of controlling hazards is to prevent workers from being exposed to occupational hazards.
that we can safety controls the engineering equipments which mainly causes health hazards...!!!!!
which the major categories like
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment.
A study of various factors affecting risk management techniques in constructi...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Risk management is an important step which should not be neglect or ignore in every project. Because of various risk involved in construction, it is difficult to maintain time, cost and quality as planned. Project undertaken in the construction sector are widely complex and have often significant budgets, and thus reducing the risk associated should be a priority for each project manager. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the key risk factors that affect construction project. Questionnaires has been prepared incorporating of 50 difference questions after which questionnaire survey was conducted where the questions has been focused based on (component of questionnaire) the respondents were selected based on their susceptibility to the risk. The data was analyzed using the Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The result shows that the inadequate planning in construction project, poor adoption of site safety, supply and use of defective materials and poor resources management in construction project are all among the forefront key risk factors which affect construction project, meanwhile, effective recommendations have been developed to increases the efficiency, speedy and minimises risk and abortive work in construction project.
Keywords: Construction Industries, Construction Projects, Risks Management, Techniques
Implementation of construction safety in reinforced concrete constructions ex...eSAT Journals
Abstract In order to achieve the purpose of this research, a special questionnaire were designed to fulfill the task of this research, exemplified the subject of safety where what is supposed to be present in the workplace and means of prevention that contribute to raising the safety and industrial security degree rate to the highest level, based on the regulations and safety standards followed in Saudi Arabia, compared to what is the case they have both in field sites or within constructions, the questionnaire has been distributed in some construction projects distributed in different places located in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and has been narrowed in the building and construction sector category, then study what came in its provisions, for the purpose of the process of analyzing, and to study the causes of accidents, in order to achieve the aim of this research. Keywords – Safety, Constructions and Safety, Minimizing Accident, Construction Management
Characteristic data analysis of occupational accident in heavy engineering in...eSAT Publishing House
The document analyzes occupational accident data from a heavy engineering industry from 2012-2013. It categorizes accidents by shift, age, employment type, injury location, nature of injury, and accident type. Statistical analysis finds the accident rate was highest in the first shift, among workers aged 20-29, and for contractor employees. Most injuries occurred to fingers and were cuts. Unsafe acts like operating without permission contributed to accidents. The goal is to understand accident causes to implement preventative measures and reduce future incidents.
Safety and health risk assessment at oman building construction projectseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Safety and health risk assessment at oman building construction projectseSAT Journals
Abstract In this research a field survey was conducted via 30 interviews with safety and health experts and risk management staff in the field of construction industry in Oman followed by a questionnaire divided into six categories. 151 responses were analysed. The aim was to explore the availability, awareness, type and implementation of ORA. Six key risks were identified; namely: working at heights; working on fragile roofs; using electrical equipment; working under high voltage overhead power lines; working in confined spaces; working without knowing how to use the provided emergency equipment. All respondents were male gender and 61 per cent of them were below the age of 40. 59 per cent of respondents have education equal to or below the national diploma (≤ 12 level). 75.5 per cent of the respondents work in construction industry followed by the consultants (19%). 53 per cent of respondents were labourers and technicians. 96 per cent of projects were residential, commercial or a combination of residential and commercials buildings. 81.3 per cent of workers were having equal or less than 10 years of experience in the construction projects. 53 per cent of respondents never experienced fatality during their work. 53.6 per cent of respondents indicated that they do not have Risk Assessment Matrix for Occupational Safety and Health. All respondents agreed that it is important or very important to apply Occupational Risk Assessment Matrix in accordance with the local regulations. Only 42.4 per cent strongly agree that HSE personal should carry out risk assessment before any activity. Most respondents showed willingness of applying risk management by workers.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed risk management practices in the logistics and construction industries regarding human safety. The study found that worker training was the most critical factor for improving safety based on a survey of employees. Ensuring safety compliance and adequate communication about safety procedures were also important. The study recommends that companies provide regular safety training and incentives, maintain accident records, and compensate workers for injuries to improve safety culture. Overall, the research indicates a relationship between worker safety initiatives like training and better safety management practices in these high-risk industries.
Quantifying modelingon risk of travel demand and measure to sustaining road s...eSAT Journals
Abstract In these days urbanization of road transportation facilities are more complexity to developing in the form of to improve road safety. With the increased usage of Vehicles has enhanced the need for developing the infrastructure where these motor vehicles can move safely. By developing safe roads which connect destinations and cities is a key foundation to infrastructural development in a safe connectivity of road transportation. Mainly in this study can approach the road safety by using principal component analysis(PCA) by using MAT LAB and geographical information system (GIS) Arc-GIS software to develop base maps and accident causing zones identify in the study area. In this study an attempt has been made to study the existing road network for Ongole, Pernamitta village road (Kurnool road state highway) area and propose the necessary improvements to be done. And this model presented in this paper discussing with a multi set of variables under the one dimensionality set to identifying and deriving the new data set for risk identify zones with raking by this analysis of principal component analysis. The safety audit is defined as the place or location which causes number of accidents. It may be curve or faulty infrastructure. Such accidents are taken as input from Ongole taluka Police Station at Ongole for further study. These accidents are registered from First Information Report (FIR) informed by people. The study areas taken into consideration are Ongole to Pernamitta village Road (Ongole to Kurnool UN divided two way line state highway). The aim of this study is to minimize the accidents and find out the risk identify zones on the particular road network. Key words: road safety,faulty infrastructure, PCA analysis, Arc-GIS,FIR and urbanization.
Occupational health and safety (ohs) management vis à-vis different phases of...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Accidents at construction sites are identified as a major problem throughout the world. Apart from the accidents at construction
sites, people working in the construction industry suffer from several occupational health disorders. In this backdrop,
implementation of an effective occupational health and safety measures are gaining importance these days across the world. In
line with this discussion, the present paper aims at assessment of occupational health and safety management w.r.t. different
phases of construction activates i.e. pre-construction, construction and post-construction phases. It is observed that, the concept
of occupational health and safety is not only applicable construction phase but also equally applicable to both pre-construction
and post-construction.
Key Words: Occupational health, safety, accidents, construction phase, pre-construction phase, post- construction
phase, safety culture, safety assessment
Prediction of transportation specialized views of median safetyiaemedu
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a hierarchical fuzzy inference system to analyze transportation experts' subjective opinions on factors influencing median safety. It describes constructing fuzzy membership functions based on literature reviews and experts' judgments to represent how six factors (ADT, median width, etc.) influence safety. A hierarchical structure reduces computational complexity. The system was validated by comparing its fuzzy median safety index values to observed crash data. Results showed indexes increasing exponentially with crash frequency, indicating the system reasonably explains median safety on the roadways studied.
Prediction of transportation specialized views of median safetyIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that proposes a hierarchical fuzzy inference system to analyze transportation experts' subjective opinions on factors influencing median safety. It describes constructing fuzzy membership functions based on literature reviews and experts' judgments to represent how six factors (ADT, median width, etc.) influence safety. A hierarchical structure reduces computational complexity. The system was validated by comparing its fuzzy median safety index values to observed crash data. Results showed indexes increasing exponentially with crash frequency, indicating the system reasonably explains median safety for the studied roadways.
IRJET- Risk Assessment of Public Private Partnership Projects In KeralaIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on identifying and assessing risk factors for public-private partnership projects in Kerala, India. A questionnaire was distributed to public and private sector professionals to rate the probability and severity of 30 identified risks. Statistical analysis found land acquisition to be the most significant risk due to its high probability and severity. Other top risks included delays in project approvals, political opposition, and inflation. The study aims to help equitably allocate risks between the public and private sectors to improve success of PPP projects in Kerala.
“Analysis & Critical study of Impacts of RERA Act, 2016 on Housing Projects i...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research analyzing the impacts of India's Real Estate Regulation and Development Act (RERA) of 2016 on housing projects in Kolhapur. It begins with an abstract describing the study's focus on Kolhapur City and investigation of RERA's impact on India's construction industry through questionnaires using a Likert scale. Key findings include that RERA has positively impacted the industry by increasing transparency, accountability, and protections for home buyers, but has also increased project costs and registration fees. The document then provides an in-depth literature review of previous research analyzing various factors of delays in construction projects and RERA's effects. It concludes with suggestions that while RERA has improved commitments to buyers,
“Analysis & Critical study of Impacts of RERA Act, 2016 on Housing Projects i...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research analyzing the impacts of India's Real Estate Regulation and Development Act (RERA) of 2016 on housing projects in Kolhapur. It begins with an abstract describing the study's focus on Kolhapur City and investigation of RERA's impact on India's construction industry through questionnaires using a Likert scale. Key findings include that RERA has positively impacted the industry by increasing transparency, accountability, and protections for home buyers, but has also increased project costs and registration fees. The document then provides an in-depth literature review of previous research analyzing various factors of delays in construction projects and RERA's effects. It concludes with suggestions that while RERA has improved commitments to buyers,
IRJET- Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting Management and Maintenance of Urban...IRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing risk factors that affect the management and maintenance of urban transportation infrastructure. It begins with an abstract that outlines challenges facing urban transportation systems in developing countries, including high demand that exceeds existing road capacity. The document then aims to identify risk factors that influence the performance and lifespan of transportation facilities over their lifecycle. It discusses conducting a survey of experts to determine common and frequently occurring risks. Key risks identified through literature review include management risks, operational risks, environmental risks, political/government risks, technological risks, construction risks, project finance risks, and other risks like natural disasters. The methodology involves collecting data on risks through questionnaires, analyzing the responses using a Likert scale to rate the likelihood and impact of each risk,
STUDY ON ENHANCEMENT OF HUMAN SAFETY PROTECTION FACTORS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRYIAEME Publication
Objectives:To show that effective implementation of safety protection factors will lead to zeroaccident project. To prove that there must be noticeable enhancement of safetyrequired in the construction industry. Methods/Analysis:Understanding the problems associated with the existing safety performancein the construction industry. Identifying the organization which implementingeffective safety performance in the site and taken it as case study. Extracting the personnelsafety factors from the above case studies where the maximum potentialpossibilities of accidents happen. Progressed with the questionnaire survey onextracted factors. Analysis of the data and extracting results. Findings: From the analysis of 40responses to questionnaire it shows thathuman safety protection factors is implementing in every constructionorganization but not in at the most effectiveway so that accidents are taking place in construction industry. So there isgreat need to enhance safety protection factors in construction industry. Applications: Regular use of humansafety protection factors is must for any organization that leads to betterenhancement on the safety in site. Projective knowledge on safety to engineersleads to zero accident as per the following case study which is most usefulfactor for an organization for safety performance of the project. Recommendationsmentioned in paper is applicable to any construction organization those areinfluencing with safety problems.
Safety monitoring to prevent fall accidents at construction siteIAEME Publication
This document proposes a system to monitor construction site safety using augmented reality. It aims to help site personnel easily inspect safety measures, signs, and worker protective equipment in real-time. The system uses markers and virtual 3D models overlaid on the real environment. It has two modules: 1) a monitoring module to check safe work areas and protective equipment, and 2) an augmented reality module to visualize safety information. A prototype was created and tested using cameras, markers and 3D models created in CAD software. Preliminary results found it helped site personnel efficiently monitor safety compliance.
IRJET- Risk Management in the Construction Project: ReviewIRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review on risk management in construction projects. It begins with defining risk and discussing the various risks that can arise in construction projects, including design, physical, logistical, legal, environmental, construction, management, cultural, financial, and political risks.
It then reviews the key steps in risk management: risk identification, qualitative and quantitative risk assessment methods, risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control. For risk identification, it discusses techniques like brainstorming, Delphi technique, interviews, checklists, and learning from past experience. For risk assessment, it outlines qualitative methods like probability/impact assessment and risk rating matrices, as well as quantitative methods like sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, decision trees,
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
IRJET- Effective Safety Management in ConstructionIRJET Journal
This document discusses effective safety management in construction projects. It aims to identify and evaluate safety management methods to minimize health and safety risks for construction workers. Sensor-based technology is proposed to help monitor safety on sites in real-time by detecting potential hazards and unsafe incidents. The methodology used sensor networks to track workers and resources and communicate safety information to stakeholders. Traditional safety management faces challenges due to changing work conditions. Effective safety processes are needed to prevent accidents in the dangerous construction industry.
In Indian scenario of infrastructure industry, there is a colossal vocation of peril analysis knacks and tools available for the management of affliction. In dogma, each peril analysis knack has its strengths and weaknesses. Knacks such as Probability Theory, Certainty Factors and Dempster-Shaffer theory of evidence are discussed with regard to their application to peril analysis in road projects. Suggestions on the most appropriate tools associated with the knacks are also presented. The mighty and emaciation of each knack are highlighted and discussed. This paper inferred the peril to be determined in project.
Similar to A fuzzy approach to evaluate suitability of infrastructure projects with safety (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil with the natural inorganic stabilizer RBI-81. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of RBI-81 on the soil's engineering properties. The tests showed that with 2% RBI-81 and 28 days of curing, the unconfined compressive strength increased by around 250% and the CBR value improved by approximately 400% compared to the untreated soil. Overall, the study found that RBI-81 effectively improved the strength properties of the black cotton soil and its suitability as a soil stabilizer was supported.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study on the influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with a chemical stabilizer. Laboratory tests were conducted on locally available loamy soil treated with a patented polymer liquid stabilizer and compacted at four different energy levels. The study found that increasing the compaction effort increased the density of both untreated and treated soil, but the rate of increase was lower for stabilized soil. Treating the soil with the stabilizer improved its unconfined compressive strength and resilient modulus, and reduced accumulated plastic strain, with these properties further improved by higher compaction efforts. The stabilized soil exhibited strength and performance benefits compared to the untreated soil.
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
This document describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) to meet the information needs of various government departments related to water management in a state. The HIS consists of a hydrological database coupled with tools for collecting and analyzing spatial and non-spatial water resources data. It also incorporates a hydrological model to indirectly assess water balance components over space and time. A web-based GIS portal was created to allow users to access and visualize the hydrological data, as well as outputs from the SWAT hydrological model. The framework is intended to facilitate integrated water resources planning and management across different administrative levels.
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested circular concrete-filled steel tube columns with varying parameters. 45 specimens were tested with different fiber percentages (0-2%), tube diameter-to-wall-thickness ratios (D/t from 15-25), and length-to-diameter (L/d) ratios (from 2.97-7.04). The results found that columns filled with fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited higher stiffness, equal ductility, and enhanced energy absorption compared to those filled with plain concrete. The load carrying capacity increased with fiber content up to 1.5% but not at 2.0%. The analytical predictions of failure load closely matched the experimental values.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
This document evaluates the operational efficiency of an urban road network in Tiruchirappalli, India using travel time reliability measures. Traffic volume and travel times were collected using video data from 8-10 AM on various roads. Average travel times, 95th percentile travel times, and buffer time indexes were calculated to assess reliability. Non-motorized vehicles were found to most impact reliability on one road. A relationship between buffer time index and traffic volume was developed. Finally, a travel time model was created and validated based on length, speed, and volume.
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study that used remote sensing and GIS techniques to estimate morphometric parameters and runoff for the Yagachi catchment area in India over a 10-year period. Morphometric analysis was conducted to understand the hydrological response at the micro-watershed level. Daily runoff was estimated using the SCS curve number model. The results showed a positive correlation between rainfall and runoff. Land use/land cover changes between 2001-2010 were found to impact estimated runoff amounts. Remote sensing approaches provided an effective means to model runoff for this large, ungauged area.
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
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A fuzzy approach to evaluate suitability of infrastructure projects with safety
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 32
A FUZZY APPROACH TO EVALUATE SUITABILITY OF
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS WITH SAFETY
Gaurav Ramesh Pawar1, Purushottam Dange2, R. K. Lad3
1
PG Student, Construction and Management Department of Civil Engineering, Dr.D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering
and Technology Pimpri Pune-18, Maharashtra, India
2
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering and Technology Pimpri Pune-18
, Maharashtra , India
3
Dean Administration,Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Engineering and Technology
Pimpri Pune-18 , Maharashtra , India
Abstract
The current project deals with safety management in highways and infrastructure (Buildings and Roads).The research is partly
doctrinal and partly empirical in natural. Research tools used is fuzzy logic. The scope research has been to mainly cover
highways and infrastructure (Buildings and Roads).The topic of construction includes the process of Highways, Building and
society roads, construction and maintenance, including the design of respective construction, contracting, accomplishing,
supervision, and maintenance of Highways, Building, society roads and related structures. Our study of project will fulfil the
safety requirements by using Fuzzy logic that should be consider before starting highways and infrastructure (Buildings and
Roads) and this study will be very helpful in construction industry. as this study will decrease the chances of accidents as well as
to save lives. Today so many people lose their lives when traffic has to move through maintenance works and road construction
every year also during the construction of Buildings.The cases of construction section injuries and accidental death are predicted
to go even higher than now. Construction in highways and infrastructure (Building and Roads) covers various activities,
techniques, materials and source of danger therefore because of this conditions the probability of accidents increases every time.
The fact is construction industry has the most disappointing record of safety compare to all industrial sectors, with a risk of
casualty 5 times higher than several other industry in the world. The higher rate of accidents and deaths in the construction
industry compare to all other industries are may be due to the process of the construction work. The factors due to which the rate
of accidentsare high in construction industry are such as poor planning,lack of safety training, lack of supervision, lack of safety
equipment , and lack of incident investigation helps to create more problems in future. Hence, by using Multi criteria decision
making by Fuzzy logic will reduce the risk of accidents while construction of highways and infrastructure (Building and Roads).
Keywords: Highway and Infrastructure Safety, Defuzzification, Fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making, Expert
Opinion, Linguistic Terms and Safety Potential Index
--------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Now days in India or we can say everywhere safety
regarding every aspect that could be in chemical,
manufacturing, glass, etc. industries are very important as it
involves skilled or unskilled labour lives and this source is
significantly important and this source cannot be replaced
by any other resource. In construction industry the safety
issues are very important, as in construction industry heavy
equipment(s), falling objects, excavations, etc. are involved
and this kind of risks can take lives. So the safety in
construction industry has to be in higher level of priorities.
Our study of the project will fulfil the safety requirements
that should be considered for highways and infrastructure
(Buildings and Roads) this study will be very helpful in
construction industry as this study will decrease the chances
of accidents as well as to save lives.
Safety can be said to be a feeling of welfare and security
insured by the activity a person indulges in. Safety is the
condition of being secure. During construction projects as
has been seen many risk factors are involved. To protect a
person from such risks a proper program of safety and
security should be formulated.
Due to increasing the infrastructure budget and funding for
Highways and road construction are resulting huge increase
in the number of highway and road construction projects in
India. Also, the safety of road consumers and people who
are working is important concern on roads and highways
worldwide.
Today so many people lose their lives when traffic has to
move through road construction and maintenance works
every year, also during the construction of Buildings. The
cases of construction section injuries and accidental death
are predicted to go even higher than now
Zongzhi Li, Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou, Yongdoo Lee,
Harshingar Patel, Yi Liu, and HanGyol Kim [15], have
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 33
introduced ananalysis method toassess the effects of
highway projects on safety performance.
C. E. Jackson [3] suggested that, from the year 1852 the
ASCE have served civil engineers worldwide and also the
construction industry, after all of this still they do not have
construction safety committee. Civil engineers from all over
the world take guidance about every project from ASCE.
Safety is very crucialpart of the civil engineering.
Jimmie Hinze, M.ASCE, Matthew Hallowell, A.M.ASCE
and Kevin Baud [9] According to them after the
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1970 which was
approved by congress, the improvement has been
experienced in the construction industry related to the safety
. In the last few years some improvement has been made
with due respect to safety directive in the construction
industry. But there is still a need to formulate better tactics
for safety during construction projects.
How Sing Siia,, Tom Ruxtona, JinWangb [8]have used
Fuzzy logic to develop a safety model, by using the IF-
THEN rule of human evidence and questioning without
using precise quantitative analyses that can model the
quantitative aspect. The research has been done to target the
development of linguistic variables.
Adam S. Markowskia, M. Sam Mannanb,
AgataBigoszewskaa[1] determine the functions of fuzzy
set& explores the application of fuzzy sets concept in terms
of basic tools used in practicing safety analysis such as fault
and event tree methods which can further be used in the
“bow-tie” approach for accident scenario risk assessment. In
the traditional fault and event tree analyses, the input
variables are taken as exact values and the exact outcome
data are received by asuitable mathematical approach. In the
fuzzy method, all variables are switched by fuzzy numbers
in the process of fuzzification and successively using fuzzy
arithmetic, fuzzy probability of the top event for fault tree,
and fuzzy outcome probabilities for event tree are
calculated. A single value for each of the outcome event
result can be obtained with the use of one of the
defuzzification methods. A characteristic case study
consisting of a fault tree for rupture of the iso-butane storage
tank and the event tree for its consequences is achieved and
anassessmentamongst the traditional approach and fuzzy
method is prepared.
D. Singh and Robert L. K. Tiong [6] have explained the
best process for the selection of the contractor according to
the need of the project so that the best construction can be
achieved in the worth amount of the money.
2. METHODOLOGY
Figure-1 showsa flow diagram of developed methodology.
Fig-1: A flow diagram of methodology
2.1 Fuzzy Set & Fuzzy Logic
A fuzzy set can be defined mathematically to every
individual which has a degree or grade of membership in the
particular set of fuzzy. Which represents the degree to which
individual is similar with the concept explained by the fuzzy
set. Thus, individual can belong greater or lesser degree in
the fuzzy set. Membership grades arerepresented by real
number ranging close between the As, fuzzy logic deals
with form of values logic where truth values of variables can
be any real number range between 0 and 1, it is a multi-
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 34
valued type of the logic. By the human being reasoning,
information and also common sense questioning the results
are close to appropriate results which derives in the Fuzzy
logic. (Klir and Yuan, 2003)
2.2 Linguistic Variable
The fuzzy number plays an important role to elaborate
quantitative fuzzy variables. The fuzzy numbers represent
linguistic values, such as- very good, good, fair and etc.
For our study, the linguistic terms used are- very important,
important, average, least important, and very least
important. The table below showing the linguistic terms and
fuzzy numbers used. Fig. 2 shows linguistic terms which are
presented by graph of fuzzy numbers:
Table-1: Linguistic Terms and Fuzzy Numbers
LINGUISTIC TERMS FUZZY NUMBER
VI (Very Important) (0.777,0.888,1.000,1.000)
I (Important) (0.555,0.666,0.777,0.888)
A (Average) (0.333,0.444,0.555,0.666)
LI (Least Important) (0.111,0.222,0.333,0.444)
VLI (Very Least Important) (0.000,0.000,0.111,0.222)
Fig-2: Fuzzy Sets
Expert’s opinion from the field of civil engineering are
taken from professionals and academicians, for sub criteria
for Contractor’s need, Safety details, PPE, worker safety,
traffic safety, equipment
Certificationand other safety.
2.3 Average Fuzzy Number (AFN)
The further average fuzzy number can be calculated by the
linguistic terms given by the experts.
The terms that are allocated by experts for every sub
criterion of the Contractor’s need, Safety details, PPE,
worker safety, traffic safety, equipment certification, and
other safety can be transformed into fuzzy numbers. Then
AFN will be equated by the following calculations.
ij i1 i2 iE
1A a a ... a for i 1,2,..,n & j 1,2,...,Ep p p p
E
…….. (i)
Where,
ij
p
A = Fuzzy number assigned to a sub criterion,
E = Number of experts &
n = Number of fuzzy numbers.
2.4 Defuzzification & Normalized Weight
It is a calculation that creates a non-fuzzy or crisp value
which sufficiently represents the level of fulfilment of the
combined fuzzy number. In our study, trapezoidal fuzzy set
are considered. A significance of sub criterion was thought-
of as range value but not with a certain value. So, only
trapezoidal fuzzy sets were considered. Let a Trapezoidal
fuzzy number be limited to x1, x2, x3 and x4 as shown in
the Figure then its de-fuzzified value (crisp score) ‘e’. For
the criterion can be obtained by using the following
(Kaufman and Gupta, 1991).
e = (x1 + x2 + x3 + x4) / 4 ……. (ii)
2.5 Fuzz Decision Matrix
13
1 2 3 n
1 2 3 n 1
C 1 2 3 n 2
n1 2 3 n
μ μ μ ....μ
q , q , q ....q
X r , r , r ....r
s , s , s ....s
H
H
H
…. (iii)
Where q1, q2, q3... qn, r1, r2, r3... rn and s1, s2, s3... nn are
fuzzy values of Safety goggles for Project 1, 2 and 3
respectively
2.6 The Crisp Scores
Crisp scores of sub criterion for every project can be
obtained by using following equations:
H1 = (lq1 + q2 + q3 + ... + qn)/n
H2 = (r1 + r2 + r3 + ... + rn)/n
Hn = (s1 + s2 + s3 + ... + sn)/n …………(iv)
2.7 Total Score
As per the simple additive method which was developed by
Hwang and Yoon, 1981, total score for the different
schemes can be calculated using equation as shown below,
with usual notations
cpci cpTS X W C for p 1, 2,3,4,...n … (v)
Where,
ciTS = total score of the highway project against the
criterion c
cpX = crisp score of the highway project data against
Sub-criterion p of the criterion c
cpW C = weight (importance value) of sub criterion p of
the criterion c
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 05 Issue: 08 | Aug-2016, Available @ http://ijret.esatjournals.org 35
Now, safety potential importance weight ciW C
of these
criterion c for project 1 can be calculated as,
ci ci ciW C TS TS ………….(vi)
2.8 Overall Score
As per the additive weighing method which was developed
by Hwang and Yoon, 198, overall score for the different
projects can be calculated using the following equation, with
usual notations
ci ciOS TS W C for i 1, 2, ...n …..(vii)
3. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
For this study the data of safety were collected from 3
highway projects which are in the vicinity of PCMC Pune,
Maharashtra, India For the selection of appropriate safety
four criteria were considered like PPE, worker safety, traffic
safety and equipment certification.
The following sub criteria of defined criteria are considered
for the study:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Helmet, Hard hats,
Safety goggles, Gloves, High Visibility Clothing, Safety
Boots, Earplugs, Mask and Toe Guards.
Worker Safety: Safety Training, Temporary Traffic
Control, Worker Safety for Highway Construction
Standards, Workers Visibility, Facts and Statistics, National
Work Zone Awareness and Additional Resources.
Traffic Safety: Distance of Sign Boards, Visibility of
Labour, Traffic Control, Diversion of Traffic, Signals and
Barricades.
Equipment Certification: Appropriate License for JCB
Operator, Certification of Respective Equipment,
Maintenance schedule of Equipment and Equipment Safety.
The table-2 shows experts opinion by professionals for sub
criteria of PPE.
Table-2: Expert Opinion (Professional)
SUB CRITERIA
SP
1
SP
2
SP
3
SP
4
SP
5
Helmet VI VI VI VI VI
Hard hats I VI I I VI
Safety goggles A VI I I VI
Gloves A VI I I VI
High visibility
clothing
A VI VI VI VI
Safety boots I VI VI VI VI
Earplugs A I I I I
Mask A I I A I
Toe guard LI I I I I
SP=Safety Professional Expets
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation of Appropriate Safety Potential Index (ASPI)
The fuzzy Multi Criteria Decision Making method was used
for the calculation of SPI. The normalized weight for each
sub criterion of PPE,Workers safety,Traffic Safety and
Equipment Certification was calculated.
Then, Total score was calculated for criteria by using
equation (v). Similarly, Total score for other criteria was
calculated. Table-3 shows Total score.
Table-3: Total score (Academician and Professional)
Criteria Project
A
Project
B
Project
C
Academicias PPE 1 0.891 0.901
Professionals 0.666 0.734 0.693
Academicias Worker
safety
0.645 0.748 0.652
Professionals 0.671 0.742 0.661
Academicias Traffic
safety
0.838 0.754 0.689
Professionals 0.751 0.668 0.684
Academicias Equipmnt
certificatin
0.747 0.751 0.871
Professionals 0.991 0.832 0.912
Then, Overall score was calculated using equation (vii)
Table-4 shows overall score or SPI of Academicians.
Table-4: Overall Score or Safety Potential Index
(Academicians)
Project Overall Score Remark
1 0.801 Not Safe
2 0.796 Least Safe
3 0.792 Least Safe
Table-5 shows overall score or SPI of Professionals
Table-5: Overall Score or Safety Potential Index
(Professionals)
Project Overall Score Remark
1 0.782 Least Safe
2 0.734 Least Safe
3 0.750 Least Safe
On the basis of values of Appropriate Safety Potential Index
(SPI) client can see appropriateness of projects with the help
of SPI scale
Table-6: Safety Potential Scale
Sr. No. Scale Linguistic Term
1. 0.00 - 0.20 Highly Safe
2. 0.21 - 0.40 Safe
3. 0.41 - 0.60 Moderately Safe
4. 0.61 - 0.80 Least Safe
5. 0.81 - 1.00 Not Safe