A brief discussion about globalization through media imperialism.
Researchers focused their effort on mostly nation-states as primary actors in international relations. The flow of news and entertainment was biased in favor of industrialized countries. Developing nations received scant and prejudicial coverage in Western Media. Emphasis on commercialization of sphere of culture. On the second stage of research in Cultural imperialism, it focused on transnational corporations as the primary actors on international relations ; and on transnational capital flows
The end of cold war as a global framework for ideological, Geopolitical, and Economic competition calls for a rethinking of the analytical categories and paradigms of thought. The nation state is no longer the sale or dominant player since transnational transactions occur on sub national, national, and supranational levels. According to John Tomlinson (1991) Globalization replaced cultural imperialism because it conveys a process with less coherence and direction, which will weaken the cultural unity of all nation -states ,Not only those in the developing world. Globalization has emerged as a key perspective across the humanities and social sciences, a current undoubtedly affecting the discipline of communication.
Globalization of culture has become a conceptual magnet attracting research and theorizing efforts from a variety of disciplines and interdisciplinary formations such as anthropology, comparative literature, cultural studies, communication and media studies, geography, and sociology.
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in CrisisAuthor(s) R.docxbudbarber38650
Â
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Author(s): Robert J. Lieber and Ruth E. Weisberg
Reviewed work(s):
Source: International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Winter, 2002),
pp. 273-296
Published by: Springer
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020163 .
Accessed: 23/09/2012 14:40
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of
Politics, Culture, and Society.
http://www.jstor.org
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=springer
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020163?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, Winter 2002 (? 2002)
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Robert J. Lieber* * and Ruth E. Weisbergf
Culture in its various forms now serves as a primary carrier of globalization
and modern values, and constitutes an important arena of contestation for
national, religious, and ethnic identity. Although reactions in Europe, Japan,
and other societies where modern values prevail, tend to be symbolic, in areas
of the developing world, especially in Muslim countries where traditional
values and radically different notions of identity and society predominate,
reactions tend to be very intense and redirected at external targets through
forms of transference and scapegoating. Ultimately, this is not so much a
clash between civilizations as a clash within civilizations.
KEY WORDS: culture; globalization; identity; transference; backlash.
GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE
Globalization and its discontents has taken on huge significance in the
aftermath of September 11th. Driven by the end of the Cold War, a dramatic
surge in international trade, investment and finance, and the onset of the
information revolution, the subject had attracted growing attention for more
than a decade. However, the traumatic events of 9/11, the nihilistic rage
evident in the destruction of the World Trade Center, and the issues that
have arisen in its aftermath provide an enormous new impetus.
Until very recently, analyses of globalization have emphasized eco
nomics and politics rather than culture. Definitions of globalization abound,
*
Professor of Government & Foreign Service, Department of Government, Georgetown Uni
versity, Washington, DC.
^Dean, School of Fine Arts, University of Southern California, Watt .
Intercultural Communication by Claire KramschParth Bhatt
Â
Intercultural or cross-cultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies
how people understand each other across group boundaries of various sorts: national, geographical,
ethnic, occupational, class or gender. In the United States it has traditionally been related
to the behavioural sciences, psychology and professional business training; in Europe it is mostly
associated with anthropology and the language sciences. Researchers generally view intercultural
communication as a problem created by differences in behaviours and world views among people
who speak different languages and who belong to different cultures. However, these problems may
not be very different from those encountered in communication among people who share the same
national language and culture.
A brief discussion about globalization through media imperialism.
Researchers focused their effort on mostly nation-states as primary actors in international relations. The flow of news and entertainment was biased in favor of industrialized countries. Developing nations received scant and prejudicial coverage in Western Media. Emphasis on commercialization of sphere of culture. On the second stage of research in Cultural imperialism, it focused on transnational corporations as the primary actors on international relations ; and on transnational capital flows
The end of cold war as a global framework for ideological, Geopolitical, and Economic competition calls for a rethinking of the analytical categories and paradigms of thought. The nation state is no longer the sale or dominant player since transnational transactions occur on sub national, national, and supranational levels. According to John Tomlinson (1991) Globalization replaced cultural imperialism because it conveys a process with less coherence and direction, which will weaken the cultural unity of all nation -states ,Not only those in the developing world. Globalization has emerged as a key perspective across the humanities and social sciences, a current undoubtedly affecting the discipline of communication.
Globalization of culture has become a conceptual magnet attracting research and theorizing efforts from a variety of disciplines and interdisciplinary formations such as anthropology, comparative literature, cultural studies, communication and media studies, geography, and sociology.
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in CrisisAuthor(s) R.docxbudbarber38650
Â
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Author(s): Robert J. Lieber and Ruth E. Weisberg
Reviewed work(s):
Source: International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2 (Winter, 2002),
pp. 273-296
Published by: Springer
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020163 .
Accessed: 23/09/2012 14:40
Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at .
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
.
JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of
content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms
of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]
.
Springer is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of
Politics, Culture, and Society.
http://www.jstor.org
http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=springer
http://www.jstor.org/stable/20020163?origin=JSTOR-pdf
http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp
International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Vol. 16, No. 2, Winter 2002 (? 2002)
Globalization, Culture, and Identities in Crisis
Robert J. Lieber* * and Ruth E. Weisbergf
Culture in its various forms now serves as a primary carrier of globalization
and modern values, and constitutes an important arena of contestation for
national, religious, and ethnic identity. Although reactions in Europe, Japan,
and other societies where modern values prevail, tend to be symbolic, in areas
of the developing world, especially in Muslim countries where traditional
values and radically different notions of identity and society predominate,
reactions tend to be very intense and redirected at external targets through
forms of transference and scapegoating. Ultimately, this is not so much a
clash between civilizations as a clash within civilizations.
KEY WORDS: culture; globalization; identity; transference; backlash.
GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURE
Globalization and its discontents has taken on huge significance in the
aftermath of September 11th. Driven by the end of the Cold War, a dramatic
surge in international trade, investment and finance, and the onset of the
information revolution, the subject had attracted growing attention for more
than a decade. However, the traumatic events of 9/11, the nihilistic rage
evident in the destruction of the World Trade Center, and the issues that
have arisen in its aftermath provide an enormous new impetus.
Until very recently, analyses of globalization have emphasized eco
nomics and politics rather than culture. Definitions of globalization abound,
*
Professor of Government & Foreign Service, Department of Government, Georgetown Uni
versity, Washington, DC.
^Dean, School of Fine Arts, University of Southern California, Watt .
Intercultural Communication by Claire KramschParth Bhatt
Â
Intercultural or cross-cultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies
how people understand each other across group boundaries of various sorts: national, geographical,
ethnic, occupational, class or gender. In the United States it has traditionally been related
to the behavioural sciences, psychology and professional business training; in Europe it is mostly
associated with anthropology and the language sciences. Researchers generally view intercultural
communication as a problem created by differences in behaviours and world views among people
who speak different languages and who belong to different cultures. However, these problems may
not be very different from those encountered in communication among people who share the same
national language and culture.
Migrations and the Net: new virtual spaces to build a cultural identityeLearning Papers
Â
Author: Linda J. Castañeda, Paz Prendes, Francisco MartĂnez-SĂĄnchez.
This paper presents some of the reflections, projects and results around the topics of multiculturalism and migration attained by the Educational Technology Research Group at the University of Murcia, some of them integrated in the Interuniversity Cooperation programmes promoted by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI).
New Media Essay. Media Essay General Paper H1 - GCE A Level ThinkswapSara Roberts
Â
Traditional Media vs New Media Essay Example StudyHippo.com. Principles of New Media - Essay. Media Essay on adverts. - GCSE Media Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. Media Analysis Essay. Global Media Essay ARTS2092 - Global Media: Markets, Flows and .... Social media essay ideas. Top 130 Interesting Social Media Essay Topics .... Pros and Cons of Social Media Essay Essay on Pros and Cons of Social .... A Complete Guide To Prepare An Impressive Social Media Essay. PDF Review Essay: Understanding Digital Media and Society. Media studies essay. Media essay pre production pdf by kianlong - Issuu. Social Media Essay Essay on Social Media in 500-600 Words for School .... New Media Essay Digital amp; Social Media Social Media. The Implications of New Media Technologies Essay Example Topics and .... Write an essay on Social Media Essay Writing English - YouTube. Media Essay General Paper H1 - GCE A Level Thinkswap. Social Media Effect Essay Goresan. Media Essay - Editing by SophieLGill2000 - Issuu. What Are the Features of New Media? - PHDessay.com. Media essay. Essay influence of media on children essay on media. A level media essay help - Media Studies A Level by Carolina Fernandez. Media Essay News Mass Media Free 30-day Trial Scribd. New Media Technologies and the City Spaces - Essay. Three Major Ways Social Media Has Advanced Journalism - Free Essay .... media essay 1. Media essay by Isaacprah - Issuu. Essay Media. GCSE Coursework - Media Essay - A-Level Media Studies - Marked by ... New Media Essay New Media Essay. Media Essay General Paper H1 - GCE A Level Thinkswap
Global Political Economy: How The World Works?Jeffrey Harrod
Â
These are the slides which are displayed by the lecturer Jeffrey Harrod in the on-line Lecture Course "Global Political Economy: How the World Works" which is available free on his website http://www.jeffreyharrod.eu/avcourse.html.
The purpose it to make the slides available to download which at the moment cannot be done from the on-line lecture. Many of the slides provide data which may be useful in presentations and research papers. Other slides are the points addressed in the lecture.
The course covers all the material conventionally found in courses on international political economy. The approach is critical and realist and seeks to understand or explain
power rather than functions which surround the world economy.
The lectures and slides cover investment, trade, finance , migration and labour paying special attention to the multinational corporation and the agencies of states as the central power players in the global economy.
the lives of the native americans - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. Standard 2 Essay Test- Native American Culture.doc. How Americans Treated the Native Americans - GCSE History - Marked by .... Native American Essay Topics to Choose from. Andrew Jackson Argumentative Essay | Andrew Jackson | Native Americans .... native american essay. Native American Culture Free Essay Example. Essay Native American | Geronimo | Chiricahua. American History 1865 to Present. Native Americans Essay. Culture of Native American in Book Native Roots Free Essay Sample on .... Native American Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written .... Native Americans Thematic Essay Writing by A Social Studies Life. Native Americans Thematic Essay Writing | Essay, Essay writing, Essay .... Understanding the History of Native American Indians Essay Example .... Native American Tribes - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Native American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... American Revolution Essay | PDF | American Revolution | Native .... Native Americans then and now | Essay - Studienett.no.
Essay on Cultural Globalization
Essay on The History of Globalization
An Overview of Globalization Essay
Globalization : A Deeper Look At Globalization
Globalization : A Short History
Synthesis Essay On Globalization
The Realization Of Globalization
Personal Reflection on Globalization
Introduction Globalization
Essay about The Benefits of Globalization
Globalization : A Very Short Introduction
Globalization
Globalization: Countries
An Introduction to Globalization Essay
Globalization : A World Wide Movement Essay
Essay on Globalization
Globalization : A Clear Image Of Globalization
Meizhen ZengEnglish 0812Dr.kim031515Questions on Giddens.docxandreecapon
Â
Meizhen Zeng
English 0812
Dr.kim
03/15/15
Questions on Giddens
1. Giddens starts his lecture by introducing a story about a remote village in central Africa.
(1) What is the story? (2) What is his purpose of beginning his lecture with the story?
2. In the debate about globalization, (1) how are skeptics and radicals different? (2) Who does Giddens think is right?
3. According to Giddens, (1) what is an accurate interpretation of globalization and (2) what
influences globalization the most?
4. Giddens argues that globalization affects not only large systems but also âintimate and
personal aspects of our lives.â Give examples both from his essay and your own life
experience that show the effect of globalization on personal lives.
5. Globalization, according to Giddens, drives nations to revive their cultural identities. What
are the examples you can provide to support his claim?
6. How can globalization be used to explain the collapse of Soviet communism?
7. According to Giddens, what are the negative consequences of globalization?
8. (1) What is Giddensâ response to those who regard globalization as Westernization or
Americanization? (2) What is your opinion?
9. In explanation of âde-centeredâ globalization, Giddens mentions âreverse colonization.â
(1) What is it? (2) What examples can be found in the essay?
10. Discuss those parts of his lecture that are not convincing to you.
11. Beginning with the thesis, write a brief summary of this essay.
14 Anthony Giddens
will be more affected by the reach of "americanization." Why might this be? Do
you agree with him? How does this fit with the insistence of groups
themselves Italian-Americans. Polish-Americans. Mexican-Americans, etc.?
3. There is a very conscious decision not to capitalize the term "americaniza-
tion" in this essay. Why do you think that is? Does it bother you that the
lowercase is used? What point might the author be making?
4. This essay refers to the Dallas effect and to international coverage of the
O. J. Simpson trial. Use international sources to investigate differences
between how the series Dallas was viewed in the United States compared to
how it was seen in other parts of the world. What did the O. J. Simpson trial
mean to international viewers who may not have been aware of Simpson as
a football player?
Globalization
ANTHONY GIDDENS
Anthony Giddens was the director of the London School of
Economics from 1997 to 2003. He was born in London in 1938 and
was educated at the University of Hull, and Cambridge
University. His work has helped to form what is known as the "third
way" in politics, something that has influenced a number of world
leaders, including Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom
and President Bill Clinton ofthe United States. The Reith Lectures are
delivered each year by a chosen speaker and are funded by a legacy
from Lord Reith, the first Director General ofthe British ...
BuildingTransculturalTeamsUsing Personal StoriesVannaSchrader3
Â
Building
Transcultural
Teams
Using Personal Stories to Build Professional
Relationships⊠Across Cultures
Â
(Originally submitted as Interpretive Transcultural
Storytelling Method: A Contextual Narrative Approach to
Interpreting Transcultural Relationships)
Â
Â
Kent Mankins, Ph.D., M.Ed., N.C.C., L.M.H.C.
Copyright 2007
Preface
This book is an adaptation of my Ph.D. dissertation
presented at the University of Buckingham, UK in 2007. As
such this will not be a typical âcommercialâ work. Some
of the more academic requirements such as the declaration
and other elements have been deleted. In addition, please
forgive some of the formatting issues which were
unavoidable in converting this to a different format.
Â
Building Transcultural Teams is offered as a resource
for those who may be interested in fields such as: cultural
studies, management, multicultural team building, and
leadership. If I can be of any assistance, feel free to
email me at: [email protected]
Abstract
Kenneth Mankins
Building Transcultural Teams
Â
Research Question:Â How can hermeneutic methodology and
narrative
storytelling identify and enrich cultural differences and
enhance communication, deepen understanding and create
synergy in multicultural organizations?
Â
As the global economy continues expanding, managers and
organizations will be faced with issues that may have gone
unaddressed in the past. While opportunities for synergy
and creative emergence have increased, so has the potential
for conflict. The Interpretive Storytelling Method was
birthed from an observation of the growing multicultural
climate and the predominantly quantitative nature of
multicultural management literature. The purpose of the
present research is to develop a model utilizing hermeneutic
methodology and narrative storytelling as a protocol for
teambuilding in multicultural settings. The project begins
with an overview of the global cultural climate and
multicultural literature. Hermeneutics and narrative
storytelling then provide a backdrop from which the ITSM
unfolds. In working with multicultural teams from several
organizations, the case studies provide insight into the
contributions the Interpretive Transcultural Storytelling
Method can make, as well as areas in which further research
is warranted.
Table of Contents:Â Interpretive Transcultural
Storytelling Method
Â
ïżœ Title Page 1
ïżœ Preface 2
ïżœ Abstract 3
ïżœ Table of Contents 4
Beginning
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Method 7
1. Research Question
2. The Problem
2.1 The Growing Global Economy
2.2Â The Traditional Approach to Multicultural
Management
Chapter 2:Â Literature Review II: 20
Multicultural Material in
Breadth             Â
Chapter 3: Literature Review III: 36
Multicultural Material In-depth
Chapter 4:Â Methodology Part I 76
Chapter 5:Â Methodology Part II 91
5.1:Â The Objective of the Present Research
5.2:Â The Choice for the present research
5.3:Â The Methodological Matrix:Â Hermeneutics
5 ...
History Essay Writing - 19+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Fascinating American Revolution Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Get Ideas of the Best American History Argumentative Essay Topics. American History Essay.
Migrations and the Net: new virtual spaces to build a cultural identityeLearning Papers
Â
Author: Linda J. Castañeda, Paz Prendes, Francisco MartĂnez-SĂĄnchez.
This paper presents some of the reflections, projects and results around the topics of multiculturalism and migration attained by the Educational Technology Research Group at the University of Murcia, some of them integrated in the Interuniversity Cooperation programmes promoted by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation (AECI).
New Media Essay. Media Essay General Paper H1 - GCE A Level ThinkswapSara Roberts
Â
Traditional Media vs New Media Essay Example StudyHippo.com. Principles of New Media - Essay. Media Essay on adverts. - GCSE Media Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. Media Analysis Essay. Global Media Essay ARTS2092 - Global Media: Markets, Flows and .... Social media essay ideas. Top 130 Interesting Social Media Essay Topics .... Pros and Cons of Social Media Essay Essay on Pros and Cons of Social .... A Complete Guide To Prepare An Impressive Social Media Essay. PDF Review Essay: Understanding Digital Media and Society. Media studies essay. Media essay pre production pdf by kianlong - Issuu. Social Media Essay Essay on Social Media in 500-600 Words for School .... New Media Essay Digital amp; Social Media Social Media. The Implications of New Media Technologies Essay Example Topics and .... Write an essay on Social Media Essay Writing English - YouTube. Media Essay General Paper H1 - GCE A Level Thinkswap. Social Media Effect Essay Goresan. Media Essay - Editing by SophieLGill2000 - Issuu. What Are the Features of New Media? - PHDessay.com. Media essay. Essay influence of media on children essay on media. A level media essay help - Media Studies A Level by Carolina Fernandez. Media Essay News Mass Media Free 30-day Trial Scribd. New Media Technologies and the City Spaces - Essay. Three Major Ways Social Media Has Advanced Journalism - Free Essay .... media essay 1. Media essay by Isaacprah - Issuu. Essay Media. GCSE Coursework - Media Essay - A-Level Media Studies - Marked by ... New Media Essay New Media Essay. Media Essay General Paper H1 - GCE A Level Thinkswap
Global Political Economy: How The World Works?Jeffrey Harrod
Â
These are the slides which are displayed by the lecturer Jeffrey Harrod in the on-line Lecture Course "Global Political Economy: How the World Works" which is available free on his website http://www.jeffreyharrod.eu/avcourse.html.
The purpose it to make the slides available to download which at the moment cannot be done from the on-line lecture. Many of the slides provide data which may be useful in presentations and research papers. Other slides are the points addressed in the lecture.
The course covers all the material conventionally found in courses on international political economy. The approach is critical and realist and seeks to understand or explain
power rather than functions which surround the world economy.
The lectures and slides cover investment, trade, finance , migration and labour paying special attention to the multinational corporation and the agencies of states as the central power players in the global economy.
the lives of the native americans - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. Standard 2 Essay Test- Native American Culture.doc. How Americans Treated the Native Americans - GCSE History - Marked by .... Native American Essay Topics to Choose from. Andrew Jackson Argumentative Essay | Andrew Jackson | Native Americans .... native american essay. Native American Culture Free Essay Example. Essay Native American | Geronimo | Chiricahua. American History 1865 to Present. Native Americans Essay. Culture of Native American in Book Native Roots Free Essay Sample on .... Native American Culture Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written .... Native Americans Thematic Essay Writing by A Social Studies Life. Native Americans Thematic Essay Writing | Essay, Essay writing, Essay .... Understanding the History of Native American Indians Essay Example .... Native American Tribes - Free Essay Example | PapersOwl.com. Native American Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays .... American Revolution Essay | PDF | American Revolution | Native .... Native Americans then and now | Essay - Studienett.no.
Essay on Cultural Globalization
Essay on The History of Globalization
An Overview of Globalization Essay
Globalization : A Deeper Look At Globalization
Globalization : A Short History
Synthesis Essay On Globalization
The Realization Of Globalization
Personal Reflection on Globalization
Introduction Globalization
Essay about The Benefits of Globalization
Globalization : A Very Short Introduction
Globalization
Globalization: Countries
An Introduction to Globalization Essay
Globalization : A World Wide Movement Essay
Essay on Globalization
Globalization : A Clear Image Of Globalization
Meizhen ZengEnglish 0812Dr.kim031515Questions on Giddens.docxandreecapon
Â
Meizhen Zeng
English 0812
Dr.kim
03/15/15
Questions on Giddens
1. Giddens starts his lecture by introducing a story about a remote village in central Africa.
(1) What is the story? (2) What is his purpose of beginning his lecture with the story?
2. In the debate about globalization, (1) how are skeptics and radicals different? (2) Who does Giddens think is right?
3. According to Giddens, (1) what is an accurate interpretation of globalization and (2) what
influences globalization the most?
4. Giddens argues that globalization affects not only large systems but also âintimate and
personal aspects of our lives.â Give examples both from his essay and your own life
experience that show the effect of globalization on personal lives.
5. Globalization, according to Giddens, drives nations to revive their cultural identities. What
are the examples you can provide to support his claim?
6. How can globalization be used to explain the collapse of Soviet communism?
7. According to Giddens, what are the negative consequences of globalization?
8. (1) What is Giddensâ response to those who regard globalization as Westernization or
Americanization? (2) What is your opinion?
9. In explanation of âde-centeredâ globalization, Giddens mentions âreverse colonization.â
(1) What is it? (2) What examples can be found in the essay?
10. Discuss those parts of his lecture that are not convincing to you.
11. Beginning with the thesis, write a brief summary of this essay.
14 Anthony Giddens
will be more affected by the reach of "americanization." Why might this be? Do
you agree with him? How does this fit with the insistence of groups
themselves Italian-Americans. Polish-Americans. Mexican-Americans, etc.?
3. There is a very conscious decision not to capitalize the term "americaniza-
tion" in this essay. Why do you think that is? Does it bother you that the
lowercase is used? What point might the author be making?
4. This essay refers to the Dallas effect and to international coverage of the
O. J. Simpson trial. Use international sources to investigate differences
between how the series Dallas was viewed in the United States compared to
how it was seen in other parts of the world. What did the O. J. Simpson trial
mean to international viewers who may not have been aware of Simpson as
a football player?
Globalization
ANTHONY GIDDENS
Anthony Giddens was the director of the London School of
Economics from 1997 to 2003. He was born in London in 1938 and
was educated at the University of Hull, and Cambridge
University. His work has helped to form what is known as the "third
way" in politics, something that has influenced a number of world
leaders, including Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom
and President Bill Clinton ofthe United States. The Reith Lectures are
delivered each year by a chosen speaker and are funded by a legacy
from Lord Reith, the first Director General ofthe British ...
BuildingTransculturalTeamsUsing Personal StoriesVannaSchrader3
Â
Building
Transcultural
Teams
Using Personal Stories to Build Professional
Relationships⊠Across Cultures
Â
(Originally submitted as Interpretive Transcultural
Storytelling Method: A Contextual Narrative Approach to
Interpreting Transcultural Relationships)
Â
Â
Kent Mankins, Ph.D., M.Ed., N.C.C., L.M.H.C.
Copyright 2007
Preface
This book is an adaptation of my Ph.D. dissertation
presented at the University of Buckingham, UK in 2007. As
such this will not be a typical âcommercialâ work. Some
of the more academic requirements such as the declaration
and other elements have been deleted. In addition, please
forgive some of the formatting issues which were
unavoidable in converting this to a different format.
Â
Building Transcultural Teams is offered as a resource
for those who may be interested in fields such as: cultural
studies, management, multicultural team building, and
leadership. If I can be of any assistance, feel free to
email me at: [email protected]
Abstract
Kenneth Mankins
Building Transcultural Teams
Â
Research Question:Â How can hermeneutic methodology and
narrative
storytelling identify and enrich cultural differences and
enhance communication, deepen understanding and create
synergy in multicultural organizations?
Â
As the global economy continues expanding, managers and
organizations will be faced with issues that may have gone
unaddressed in the past. While opportunities for synergy
and creative emergence have increased, so has the potential
for conflict. The Interpretive Storytelling Method was
birthed from an observation of the growing multicultural
climate and the predominantly quantitative nature of
multicultural management literature. The purpose of the
present research is to develop a model utilizing hermeneutic
methodology and narrative storytelling as a protocol for
teambuilding in multicultural settings. The project begins
with an overview of the global cultural climate and
multicultural literature. Hermeneutics and narrative
storytelling then provide a backdrop from which the ITSM
unfolds. In working with multicultural teams from several
organizations, the case studies provide insight into the
contributions the Interpretive Transcultural Storytelling
Method can make, as well as areas in which further research
is warranted.
Table of Contents:Â Interpretive Transcultural
Storytelling Method
Â
ïżœ Title Page 1
ïżœ Preface 2
ïżœ Abstract 3
ïżœ Table of Contents 4
Beginning
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Method 7
1. Research Question
2. The Problem
2.1 The Growing Global Economy
2.2Â The Traditional Approach to Multicultural
Management
Chapter 2:Â Literature Review II: 20
Multicultural Material in
Breadth             Â
Chapter 3: Literature Review III: 36
Multicultural Material In-depth
Chapter 4:Â Methodology Part I 76
Chapter 5:Â Methodology Part II 91
5.1:Â The Objective of the Present Research
5.2:Â The Choice for the present research
5.3:Â The Methodological Matrix:Â Hermeneutics
5 ...
History Essay Writing - 19+ Examples, Format, Pdf | Examples. Fascinating American Revolution Essay ~ Thatsnotus. Get Ideas of the Best American History Argumentative Essay Topics. American History Essay.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
Â
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesarâs dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empireâs birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empireâs society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
1. The great irony of international political economy (IPE) has long
been its parochialism. In principle, our field of study is meant to be
international â even global â in scope. Yet, in practice, scholarship
tends to be fragmented and insular. Clusters of specialists have
emerged in various parts of the world who tend to converse mainly
among themselves; Americans talk with other Americans,
Europeans with other Europeans, and so on. Until recently, little
effort was made to promote a broader discourse on issues of mutual
interest. This special issue, thanks to the inspired leadership of Anna
Leander,is ahappyexception.One canonlyhopeitmarks atrend.
âDialogue of the deafâ
Back in 1970, the noted British scholar Susan Strange published her
famous article âInternational economics and international relations:
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* Received on July 10
th
2015 and approved for publication on August 12
th
2015.
** Louis G. Lancaster Professor of International Political Economy at the University of California,
Santa Barbara, California, United States. Email: bjcohen@polsci.ucsb.edu.
CONTEXTO INTERNACIONAL Rio de Janeiro, vol. 37, n
o
3, september/december 2015, p. 1069-1080.
A concluding note*
Benjamin J. Cohen**
2. a case of mutual neglectâ. A void between international economics
(IE) and international relations (IR), she declared, had endured for
too long. Scholars from both traditions were neglecting fundamental
changes in the world economy. This âdialogue of the deafâ should not
be allowed to persist. A more modern approach to the study of the
global economy was needed â a determined effort at âbridge-buildingâ
to highlight the crucial âmiddle groundâ between economic and
politicalanalysis of internationalaffairs. The article was, for allintents
and purposes, a manifesto.
Spurred by Strange and others, the modern field of IPE gradually
emerged, spanning the void between IE and IR. Bridges have indeed
been built, and the âmiddle groundâ between economics and politics
enthusiastically occupied. Yet, ironically, even as one âdialogue of
the deafâ was overcome, another took hold: a new case of mutual
neglect, now between geographically dispersed clusters of
researchers. Interest in IPE spread around the world. But while
united by a shared purpose â a determination to create a newly
integrated approach to the study of the global economy â the growing
community of scholars subdivided into distinctive and increasingly
isolated factions. New voids appeared.
The development of factions in a field of study such as IPE is by no
means unusual. Research specialties commonly subdivide as experts
gravitate toward others who share the same values and assumptions.
Differences then tend to be reinforced over time by divergent
patterns of professional socialisation and hiring practices, producing
what the sociology of science calls âdiscourse coalitionsâ. Nor is
growing diversity in a field of study necessarily a bad thing, so long
as the separate factions encourage cross-fertilisation and a lively
competition of ideas. As every farmer knows, the cultivation of
diverse crops can help to preserve a fieldâs fertility.
The problem for IPE is that, as new discourse coalitions have
sprouted in various corners of the globe, communication has lagged.
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3. Language differences are of course partly to blame. How many of us
even try to read research monographs published in languages other
than our own, or other than English (generally acknowledged as
IPEâs lingua franca)? Sheer distance matters as well. Most
academics lack the financial resources to travel to distant
conferences or other professional meetings. Entire generations of
students have completed their training with little or no exposure to
the rich range of scholarship to be found beyond their doorstep.
It was this lack of communication that first motivated me to write
InternationalPoliticalEconomy: An IntellectualHistory (2008). My
intention was to broaden horizons by going beyond a single
orthodoxy, although the coverage of the volume was deliberately
limited to the English-speaking world â often called the
âAnglosphereâ â defined to include mainly the United States,
Canada, the British Isles, and the Antipodes. It was also limited to
what might be considered mainstream conceptions of IPE in the
Anglosphere, excluding outliers. When the book was faulted â
rightly, in my opinion â for being unduly narrow in its coverage, I
decided to try to broaden horizons even more with my Advanced
Introduction to International Political Economy (2014). Here I
moved beyond the Anglosphere to highlight work being done in
many other locales, including continental Europe, Latin America
and China. But according to Peter Vale and Vineet Thakur (in this
issue), even my Advanced Introduction is too narrow, omitting
important contributions from elsewhere. Regions like southern
Africa, they complain, are regrettably left âout in the darkâ. Their
contribution to this collection offers a useful corrective.
Gratifyingly, my two books seem to have struck a nerve,
encouraging more global conversation. Publication of my
Intellectual History provoked considerable controversy and led
directly to dedicated specialissues in two English-language journals:
the Review of International Political Economy (RIPE), and New
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4. Political Economy. These two collections of essays were
subsequently combined and published as International Political
Economy: Debating the Past, Present and Future (Phillips and
Weaver 2011). Other contributions sparked by the same debate
included a first-ever handbook of IPE edited by Mark Blyth (2009),
and a further mini-symposium in RIPE (Leander 2009, PatomÀki
2009). And now my Advanced Introduction has inspired, among
other commentaries, this special issue of Contexto Internacional.
IPE, one can hope, is losing some of its parochialism.
Contributions
This special issue is a landmark. The essays collected here contribute
importantly to a global conversation in IPE in two key ways.
First, and most essentially, the collection demonstrates that scholars
in different parts of the world have much to offer one another. The
roster of authors could hardly be more varied. How often does one
see a common project bringing together individuals from a range of
countries as diverse as Argentina, Australia, Britain, Canada,
Denmark, South Africa and the United States, and all published in
Brazil (in English)?The table of contents reads almost like a United
Nations in miniature. Even if the contributors do not engage directly
with one another in their individual essays, that is a considerable
accomplishment. It shows that much is to be gained by listening to
what members of other discourse coalitions have to say.
Second is the range of issues addressed by the collection, which is
remarkably broad. For Stefano Guzzini, for instance, the core issue is
governance of the global economy: how best to understand world
order. His essay explores vital questions of power, authority and
sovereignty, stressing in particular contrasts and tensions among
classical realist, Keynesian, and Marxist perspectives. How much
room exists in governance structures for individual autonomy or
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5. political agency? Can co-operation happen? Are governments the
helpless pawns of impersonal market forces? The âunderlying grand
questionâ, he concludes, âis nothing less than the bargain between
capitalism and liberal democracy as we know itâ. The challenge of
international economic management is daunting.
By contrast, for Peter Vale and Vineet Thakur as well as for Diana
Tussie and Pia Riggirozzi, regions are the central focus, both as
sources of ideas and as actors on the global stage. The regions at issue
are different. While Vale and Thakur are concerned with southern
Africa, Tussie and Riggirozzi write about Latin America. But their
message is essentially the same, stressing the degree to which
political economy scholarship in their respective regions has been
conditioned by historical reality â each areaâs unique economic and
political experience.
In southern Africa, according to Vale and Thakur, the regionâs
colonial heritage â infused with more than a modicum of racism â
fundamentally altered understandings of the managerial role of the
state. While governments in Europe might have used their
Westphalian sovereignty to enhance the security of their people, the
role of colonial administrations was quite different, concerned more
with defending imperial economic interests against any threat from
local populations. As Vale and Thakur note: âBy serving external
interests, the local state was not the protector from, but the purveyor
of, internal violence. Put differently, if the European state aimed to
make internal violence an exception; in southern Africa, the colonial
state was about making internal violence an everyday reality.â
Post-independence IPE debates in southern Africa have centred on
competing narratives abouttheroleof thestateand theideaof region,
with particular emphasis on social struggles over race.
In Latin America, par contra, recent experience has been dominated
by the return to democracy in the 1980s and 1990s, following years
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6. of military rule, along with associated challenges of economic crisis
and austerity â all creating an opening for a redefinition of policies
and norms of political economy. Tussie and Riggirozzi see this âas an
invitation to engage afresh with the role of regionsâ. Their aim is to
reassess the relationship between development processes, and the
structural context in which those processes are rooted. Their
argument is that IPE has for too long dichotomised between the
global and national levels of analysis, discounting the pivotal role
that regions can play at an intermediate level in promoting social
objectives. In their view, Latin America has entered a new era of
âpost-hegemonic regionalismâ that could fundamentally reshape the
hemisphereâs stateâsociety relations.
For Heloise Weber, and for Naeem Inayatullah and David Blaney,
the principal issues are more about formal theory and the
assumptions that underlie mainstream versions of IPE. Both essays,
in the spirit of critical perspectives, question accepted methods in the
field, which they see as imposing something of an intellectual
straitjacket. Much, they suggest, depends on how research
propositions are framed. Weber focuses in particular on what she
sees as an artificial distinction between politics and economics that is
prevalent in conventional analysis. Too much of the literature, she
declares, fails to give sufficient account of social relations in
genuinely political terms. Inayatullah and Blaney, meanwhile, focus
in on three âimperativesâ that allegedly dominate orthodox
approaches â above all, an âindividualism imperativeâ that favours
explanations tied to the characteristics of individual units, devaluing
explanations that rely on social, historical, or institutional contexts.
In turn, each essay offers some ideas on how IPE analysis might be
improved. According to Weber, what is needed is more attention to
history, and a much greater emphasis on the âbigâ normative
questions involving questions of domination, deprivation and
resistance. According to Inayatullah and Blaney, what is needed is
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7. more attention to the global level of analysis to displace the
individualism imperative. Weber says her aim is to make IPE less
âboringâ. Inayatullah and Blaney say their aim is to help reduce
impediments to a global conversation in IPE. One could argue that
the two goals are really one and the same.
For Anna Leander, the core issue is money, and how we theorise
about it in IPE. Building on a new movement in the literature known
as the social studies of finance, Leander poses a series of challenging
questions about the politics of international monetary relations in an
emerging age of electronic money. What is the significance of
materiality in monetary processes, and how has the materiality of
money been changed by the increased digitisation of financial
processes? Is the authority of central banks being compromised or
perhaps even replaced by abstract algorithms that, in some respects,
are becoming political actors in their own right? And is it possible
that digitisation is fundamentally altering the scope and locus of
politics? Such question, she insists, are by no means merely
âtechnicalâ, and in fact go to the heart of the global monetary system
as it exists today.
Finally, for Eric Helleiner, the issue is intellectual historyâspecifically,
the deep historical roots of IPE as a global conversation. Most
conceptions of a conversation involve space: debates between parties
that are separated by distance at a given moment of time. But
conversation, Helleiner reminds us, can also be inter-generational:
debates between parties separated not by geography but by time. Just
as we have much to learn from diverse discourse coalitions that exist
today, we can also learn from thinkers of earlier eras. In a richly
researched discussion, Helleiner tells us about scholars in locales as
scattered as Japan, Egypt, West Africa and India who in centuries
past contributed significantly to western thought on mercantilism,
economic liberalism, economic nationalism and Marxism.
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8. Responses
All of the contributors to this collection graciously refer to my
Intellectual History and Advanced Introduction or to other
publications of mine that have appeared over the years. By and large
their comments on my work are charitable, even generous. I may not
agree with all they have to say, but I am grateful to them for the
respect they have accorded my efforts. I have only a few brief
thoughts to offer in response.
For Guzzini, my work provides a useful foil for addressing the
questions he raises about world order. Over the years I have had
much to say about governance of the world economy, particularly in
the realm of monetary relations. Accurately, Guzzini notes that as
time has passed, my views have evolved. Starting from an early
classical realist position, stressing struggles for power above all, I
gradually moved on, first to a more Keynesian-style optimism about
the possibility of co-operation under anarchy; and then, more
recently, to an emphasis on the impersonal rule of structures and
norms. While noting inconsistencies between comments of mine
uttered at different moments and in different contexts, he is kind
enough to see these as part of a learning process rather than as a sign
of intellectual confusion.
It is not always easy, of course, to recognise ourselves as viewed
through the eyes of others. In this instance, however, I find it hard to
fault Guzziniâs reading of my work. As someone who started out as a
conventional economist, it was quite natural for me to initially view
the world through a realist lens. In international economic theory, the
state is typically treated as a rational unitary actor, with but a single
objective: to maximise economic âutilityâ. How different is that from
the realistâs view of the state as a rational unitary actor that also has a
single policy objective: to maximize national power? It was only as I
became more familiar with the elements of political economy that I
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9. came to appreciate the roles of both agency and structure in
international economic management. The more I try to understand
what determines world order, the more elusive the whole thing
becomes. Guzzini is right that I have yet to come up with a
satisfactory formulation. Half a century after starting my academic
career, I am still struggling with his âgrand questionâ.
Vale and Thakur, by contrast, are a bit more critical, particularly
focusing on my Intellectual History and Advanced Introduction. For
this pair of authors, the omission of Africa from my surveys is
evidence of âsloppy researchâ at best; and while they claim not to be
âkeen to pick a fight with Cohenâ, they do manage to get in a few digs
about my leaving southern Africa âout in the darkâ. I can only express
my regret for their contentious tone and my gratitude for their
corrective, which I am sure will be instructive to many. Tussie and
Riggirozzi, Weber, Inayatullah and Blaney, and Helleiner all also
point to omissions in my surveys but, happily, without the same
degree of rancour.
Most challenging are the questions posed by Leander, which are
directed specifically at me. Her thoughtful essay begins with an
article I published in 2001,âElectronic Money: New Day or False
Dawn?â (2001), which was subsequently expanded into a chapter of
a later book on The Future of Money (2004). My analysis, she
suggests, raises vital questions about the ontology, agency and scope
of international monetary relations. After spelling out her own views
on each of these issues, she respectfully indicates that she would
âfind it very interesting to hear Cohenâs commentsâ. Put so
charmingly, how could I possibly refuse?
Leanderâs first question addresses the ontological status of
electronic money. In my article and later chapter, I described
electronic money (e-money) as a specific new form of digitised
currency quite distinct from conventional state currencies. Leander
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10. asks whether that distinction still remains tenable at a time when
even most state currencies are becoming digitised. âDo we not need
to rethink what currencies are? ... Is it not the case that the ontology of
money has changed so that most monies are indeed (also)
electronic?â
I agree with Leander that, increasingly, âthe electronic is
omnipresent in all our currenciesâ. That does indeed, as she suggests,
move us toward an integration of the âmaterialâ with the âsocialâ in
the ontology of money. All monies have, in a sense, become
socio-material âhybridsâ. But the increasing hybridisation of all
monies does not erase the element of competition between e-money
and conventional state currencies, which was the main object of my
enquiry. The key distinction for political economy has to do not with
the materiality of money but rather with its source. Who controls the
issue of money, private actors or governments, and who stands to
gain or lose from prospective changes in the hierarchy of monies? As
Strange would have asked: Cui bono? Digitisation allows all manner
ofnewforcestochallengethetraditionalauthorityofcentralbanks.
But who or what are these forces? In her second question, Leander
takes up the question of political agency. With digitisation, Leander
argues, more and more political agency is being located in material
processes generated by abstract algorithms, which dictate the
purchases and sales of currency based on various market signals.
Does this not mean, she asks, that algorithms are becoming political
actors in their own right? In effect, authority is diffusing ânot only to
institutions and people, but also to the material actants (the
algorithms) that make up the marketâ.
As a practical matter, of course, she is absolutely right. Algorithms
act. But one must ask where their actions come from. Like robots in a
motor vehicle factory, algorithms are designed by humans and can
act only as they are designed to do. It is conceivable, of course, that
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11. both robots and algorithms may one day be endowed with genuine
intelligence â an ability to think for themselves. But until that day
arrives, they remain little more than mechanical tools in the hands of
their creators. The people behind them remain the true political
actors.
Finally, Leander addresses the impact of digitisation on the scope of
politics. In my own writing, I emphasised e-moneyâs potential
impact on just one realm of politics: the global competition among
currencies and central banks, which I summarised as the geography
of money. But, asks Leander, might other realms of politics not be
affected as well, spreading into a variety of related issue areas? In her
words: âCould it indeed be the case ... that the advent of electronic
money potentially changes not only actorsâ understandings of their
own interests, instruments and possibilities in monetary politics but
also their understanding of what that politics revolves around?â
I heartily agree, and would only reiterate Leanderâs caution that we
should not predefine the locus of politics. In my early ruminations, I
did not take discussion beyond a concern with traditional monetary
hierarchies. But that hardly means that others â like Leander â should
not venture onto new terrain. Leanderâs provocative questions could
well open the door to other, more expansive analyses by other
scholars in other parts of the world. If it does so, she will have
provided vivid proof of the great value to be gained from
encouraging a global conversation in IPE.
Conclusion
My conclusion is simple, and echoes Winston Churchillâs wartime
declaration after the victorious second battle of El Alamein. âNow
this is not the end,â he insisted. âIt is not even the beginning of the
end. But it is, perhaps, the end of the beginning.â In the same spirit, I
can only express my hope that this collection too is not the end, or
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12. even the beginning of the end, but rather the end of the beginning. A
good start has been made in overcoming the long-standing
parochialism of IPE. Let the conversation continue!
References
Blyth, Mark. 2009. Routledge handbook of international political economy:
IPE as a global conversation. London: Routledge.
Cohen, Benjamin J. 2001. âElectronic money: new day or false dawn?â. Review
of International Political Economy 8:2 (Summer): 197-225.
. 2004. The future of money. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
. 2008. International political economy: an intellectual history. Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press.
. 2014. Advanced introduction to international political economy.
Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Leander, Anna. 2009. âWhy we need multiple stories about the global political
economyâ. Review of International Political Economy 16:2 (May): 321-328.
Phillips, Nicola and Catherine E Weaver. 2011. International political
economy: debating the past, present and future. London: Routledge.
PatomĂ€ki, Heikki. 2009. âHow to tell better stories about the history and future
of global political economyâ. Review of International Political Economy 16:2
(May): 309-320.
Strange, Susan. 1970. âInternational economics and international relations: a
case of mutual neglectâ. International Affairs 46:2: 304-315.
Benjamin J. Cohen
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