Call for Papers- Special Issue: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainable So...Christo Ananth
Energy Systems Modelling is growing in relevance on providing insights and strategies to plan a carbon-neutral future. The implementation of an effective energy transition plan faces multiple challenges, spanning from the integration of the operations of different energy carriers and sectors to the consideration of multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. Demand-side management has to be applied to multi-carrier energy system models lacks; prosumers is explored only in a limited manner; In General, multi-scale modelling frameworks should be established and considered both in the dimensions of time, space, technology and energy carrier; long term energy system models tend to address uncertainty scarcely; there is a lack of studies modelling uncertainties related to emerging technologies and; modelling of energy consumer behaviour is one of the major aspect of future research. The increased pressure in decarbonizing the energy system has renewed the interest in energy system modelling, with several reviews trying to convey a comprehensive description of the utilized methodologies as well as providing new insights on how they can be used to answer new questions
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainable So...Christo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Special Issue on Recent Trends, “Innovations and Sustainable Solutions for Next Gen Renewable Energy Systems”, International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, ISSN: 2319-2518 (Online), indexed in Scopus
In this webinar, the editors of the Green Book on the “Electricity Supply Systems of the Future” will describe their long journey to summarize the collective knowledge acquired in CIGRE Study Committees. This journey can never be over, as visions become realities or become obsolete and new challenges and developments unavoidably appear. Nevertheless, the Green Book provides CIGRE’s unique and unbiased technical views for the current and future state of electricity supply systems. It also shows the value of global collaborative work of numerous experts from industry and academia mobilized within the CIGRE community. CIGRE is the foremost authority for end-to-end power system expertise.
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into the Grid key issues and Emerging S...Power System Operation
Introduction
Why is grid integration an important topic?
Trends:
Increasing energy demand
Urbanization
Climate change mitigation targets
Need for grid modernization
Every power system has
characteristics that promote and
inhibit integration of variable RE
Grid integration is the practice of
developing efficient ways to
deliver high penetration levels of
variable RE to the grid
Source:
“Renewable Energy
Futures” 2012
Energy storage has been in use in our society and daily life for decades. Although energy storage has not grown to be a significant part of the electric energy system, recent advancement of energy storage technologies and growing needs for energy storage in both power and transportation sectors make it possible and imperative to accelerate energy storage development, deployment, and adoption. Power systems have to balance electricity generation and consumption in real-time, gasoline and diesel fuel are still the primary sources of energy for transportation, and we generally do not have good ways to conveniently and cost-effectively store a large amount of electrical energy and use it in an on-demand manner. While we need to continue decarbonizing electric power generation through increases in renewable generation, we also need to address transportation as the main source of carbon emissions. Energy storage is an important solution to address both electrification of transportation and other industries and the variability in renewable energy such as wind and solar generation.
Bulk of the existing grid energy storage capacity is provided by pumped hydro energy storage plants that were built to support large baseload power plants such as nuclear generating stations. Battery energy systems are beginning to be deployed at a rapid pace. The requirements of energy storage in the electric grid are still evolving and may differ from those of electrical transportation. Needs for research and development to enhance energy storage performance and knowledge is summarized in the following areas:
1) Energy storage engineering and integration: Effective system integration is a challenging problem for energy storage due to the great diversity of potential applications ranging from behind-the-meter storage to large grid-connected energy storage plants. Each of these applications has its own set of constraints and performance requirements. Over the next decade, the diversity of energy storage installations will expand in the range of applications, in size and scale, and in system complexity. Effective integration is also important to achieve desired cost reduction needed to support large scale deployment. Research gaps in this area include: energy storage installations with higher power capacities and higher working voltages; streamlining engineering to hybridize and co-optimize energy storage with the rest of the system; more effective controls, sensors, and energy management systems; designing modular power converter architecture to minimize system complexity, improve reliability, and reduce integration costs; and industry standards for secure communication and interoperability.
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainable So...Christo Ananth
Energy Systems Modelling is growing in relevance on providing insights and strategies to plan a carbon-neutral future. The implementation of an effective energy transition plan faces multiple challenges, spanning from the integration of the operations of different energy carriers and sectors to the consideration of multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. Demand-side management has to be applied to multi-carrier energy system models lacks; prosumers is explored only in a limited manner; In General, multi-scale modelling frameworks should be established and considered both in the dimensions of time, space, technology and energy carrier; long term energy system models tend to address uncertainty scarcely; there is a lack of studies modelling uncertainties related to emerging technologies and; modelling of energy consumer behaviour is one of the major aspect of future research. The increased pressure in decarbonizing the energy system has renewed the interest in energy system modelling, with several reviews trying to convey a comprehensive description of the utilized methodologies as well as providing new insights on how they can be used to answer new questions
Call for Papers- Special Issue: Recent Trends, Innovations and Sustainable So...Christo Ananth
Christo Ananth, Special Issue on Recent Trends, “Innovations and Sustainable Solutions for Next Gen Renewable Energy Systems”, International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering & Telecommunications, ISSN: 2319-2518 (Online), indexed in Scopus
In this webinar, the editors of the Green Book on the “Electricity Supply Systems of the Future” will describe their long journey to summarize the collective knowledge acquired in CIGRE Study Committees. This journey can never be over, as visions become realities or become obsolete and new challenges and developments unavoidably appear. Nevertheless, the Green Book provides CIGRE’s unique and unbiased technical views for the current and future state of electricity supply systems. It also shows the value of global collaborative work of numerous experts from industry and academia mobilized within the CIGRE community. CIGRE is the foremost authority for end-to-end power system expertise.
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy into the Grid key issues and Emerging S...Power System Operation
Introduction
Why is grid integration an important topic?
Trends:
Increasing energy demand
Urbanization
Climate change mitigation targets
Need for grid modernization
Every power system has
characteristics that promote and
inhibit integration of variable RE
Grid integration is the practice of
developing efficient ways to
deliver high penetration levels of
variable RE to the grid
Source:
“Renewable Energy
Futures” 2012
Energy storage has been in use in our society and daily life for decades. Although energy storage has not grown to be a significant part of the electric energy system, recent advancement of energy storage technologies and growing needs for energy storage in both power and transportation sectors make it possible and imperative to accelerate energy storage development, deployment, and adoption. Power systems have to balance electricity generation and consumption in real-time, gasoline and diesel fuel are still the primary sources of energy for transportation, and we generally do not have good ways to conveniently and cost-effectively store a large amount of electrical energy and use it in an on-demand manner. While we need to continue decarbonizing electric power generation through increases in renewable generation, we also need to address transportation as the main source of carbon emissions. Energy storage is an important solution to address both electrification of transportation and other industries and the variability in renewable energy such as wind and solar generation.
Bulk of the existing grid energy storage capacity is provided by pumped hydro energy storage plants that were built to support large baseload power plants such as nuclear generating stations. Battery energy systems are beginning to be deployed at a rapid pace. The requirements of energy storage in the electric grid are still evolving and may differ from those of electrical transportation. Needs for research and development to enhance energy storage performance and knowledge is summarized in the following areas:
1) Energy storage engineering and integration: Effective system integration is a challenging problem for energy storage due to the great diversity of potential applications ranging from behind-the-meter storage to large grid-connected energy storage plants. Each of these applications has its own set of constraints and performance requirements. Over the next decade, the diversity of energy storage installations will expand in the range of applications, in size and scale, and in system complexity. Effective integration is also important to achieve desired cost reduction needed to support large scale deployment. Research gaps in this area include: energy storage installations with higher power capacities and higher working voltages; streamlining engineering to hybridize and co-optimize energy storage with the rest of the system; more effective controls, sensors, and energy management systems; designing modular power converter architecture to minimize system complexity, improve reliability, and reduce integration costs; and industry standards for secure communication and interoperability.
A Review of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Electric Power GenerationIJERA Editor
Integration and combined utilization of renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly attractive. This paper is a review of hybrid renewable energy systems technologies for power generation, important issues and challenges in their design stage. Generation technology selection and unit sizing, System configurations and Energy management and control are discussed. Applications of hybrid energy systems, advantages of hybrid energy systems, issues and problems related to hybrid energy systems and an overview of energy storage technologies for renewable energy systems are presented. This paper also highlights the future trends of Hybrid energy systems, which represent a promising sustainable solution for power generation.
Presentation to the annual UCLA Smart Grid research collaborative discussing the operational considerations of an increasing hybrid electric system involving millions of customers participating.
A Vision for a Holistic and Smart Grid with High Benefits to SocietyStephen Lee
Presented on Dec 2, 2009 as a keynote speech to the 2009 T&D Asia Conference in Bangkok and followed by moderating a round-table discussion of top utility executives in SE Asia.
Presentation from the EPRI-Sandia Symposium on Secure and Resilient Microgrids: Power Systems Engineering Research and Development, presented by Dan Ton, DOE OE, Baltimore, MD, August 29-31, 2016.
On 5-6 December, Tashkent hosted a workshop on renewable energy (RE) policy development jointly organized by the Government of Uzbekistan and the World Bank Group (WBG) in partnership with the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The presentation was delivered during the above-mentioned event.
The changing world of energy is making it increasingly challenging to optimize power reliability, energy costs, and operational efficiency in critical power environments such as
hospitals, data centers, airports, and manufacturing facilities. Utility power grids are getting more dynamic, facility power distribution systems are becoming more complex, and
cyberattacks threaten network stability. More competitive pressures and environmental regulations are pushing expectations for energy efficiency and business sustainability higher than ever. Addressing these challenges requires new
digital tools designed specifically to enable faster response to opportunities and risks related to power system reliability and operations.
Andrew Keane delivered this presentation at a joint ESRI-UCD conference tilted 'Energy research to enable climate change mitigation' on 17 September.
Photos from the conference are available to view on the ESRI website here: https://www.esri.ie/events/esri-ucd-conference-energy-research-to-enable-climate-change-mitigation
Integrated approach for the introduction of renewable energies in remote site...Mar Martinez
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CIGRE WG “Network of the Future” Electricity Supply Systems of the futurePower System Operation
The mission of modern power systems is to
supply electric energy satisfying the following conflicting
requirements:
– High reliability and security of supply
– Most economic solution
– Best environmental protection
The first requirement of reliability and security
of supply has always been and still remains a key
objective and has shaped the design and operation
of power systems from the very beginning
of their formation. In the last few decades, the
need for a more efficient operation of the system
with the aimto reduce prices and increase the quality
of service has led to the
It is fair to say that these actions
are probably the last decade’s landmark of the
electric electric power systems framework. Inmore
recent years, the increasing concern about climate
change and the effects energy production may
have on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have led
to the wide integration of Renewable Energy
Sources (RES) and Dispersed Generation (DG) in
the power systemwith obvious advantages for the
environmental behaviour of the power systems.
Aggressive targets for the increased share of
renewable generation in the overall power supply
have been set, e.g. the EU Commission target
known as 20-20-20 for 2020.
Variable Renewable Energy in China's TransitionIEA-ETSAP
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info@kuddlelife.org
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
A Compatible Energy Trilemma Evaluation Framework for Future Decarbonized, Decentralized, and Digitalized Systems
1. A Compatible Energy Trilemma Evaluation Framework
for future Decarbonized, Decentralized, and Digitalized
systems
Omri Carmon
Dr. Naama Teschner, Prof. Yael Parag, Dr. Shiri Zemah-Shamir
ETSAP summer workshop, Golden, Colorado
June 16, 2023
2. How do we imagine a healthy
and resilient energy system?
This question by which energy modelers
make a living – becomes ever more critical
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine begets a global
shock of unprecedented breadth and
complexity
Coming out of COVID, leaving energy
markets extremely vulnerable, it reminds us
of the fragility of our current energy system
3. Moving Towards HEALTHIER, RESILIENT Energy Systems
(A 3-Legged Stool)
Can we live with it?
Can we count on it?
Can we all afford it?
(World Enenrgy Council, 2021)
4. Balancing the Energy Trilemma Goals via
A Composite Index
• Index: Dimensions (3+1), Categories
Indicators, Weights
• Metrics: quantifying and annually rank
national energy systems performance
• A multi-criteria problem: Binary trade-
offs are insufficient
• Integrated policy frameworks for
sustainable energy systems
• Prioritization: Energy leaders and
researchers can decide where to
improve
5. Energy transformation
within D3 pathways
Historically, a sector focused on cost and
transmission efficiency, NOT externalities
Responding to climate change and the
energy crises accelerates the transition to
sustainable energy systems
Nevertheless, a new mindset is needed to
incorporate energy transformation
*Power & heat = 1/3 global GHG
8. Moving into a DISTRIBUTED, LOCALIZED system
New technologies
New players New services & business models
9. The Problem:
Current indicators may guide
strategic energy decisions, but they
do not sufficiently account for the
characteristics of developing
energy systems
10. KNOWLEDGE GAPS
New dilemmas and trade-offs
existing trilemma does not
address
Unclear what and how D3
power system implications
achieve future trilemma
goals
Trilemma metrics are not
designed to evaluate D3
electricity systems
Scenarios often use limited,
randomized indicators for a
trilemma lens
11. WHAT ARE THE TRILEMMA INDEX MODIFICATIONS THAT ARE NEEDED
TO ADDRESS FUTURE ENERGY SYSTEMS’:
ENERGY
SECURITY
ENERGY EQUITY
ENVIRONMENTAL
SUSTAINABILITY
12. Research goal: Properly
assess the implications
of future D3 power
systems through a
modified D3 energy
trilemma index
1. Understand the characteristics of
the new energy development models
by proposing “D3 system
archetypes” and collate them
into an analytical typology
2. Highlight the data needed for
projected D3 systems and Propose
the proper set of modified metrics
for future D3 energy systems
towards achieving energy trilemma
goals by:
1. Modifying existing indicators
2. Introducing new indicators
13. Goal 1:
Collate key features
of D3 systems as
development
archetypes
OBJECTIVE METHOD DATA
Identify key defining
features contributing
to emerging D3
development
configurations
• Comprehensive
lit. review
(transition
pathways,
projections):
Review papers;
White papers
• Feature themes:
Spatial,
Institutional,
Technical
• 25 most cited papers on
sustainable energy
development in energy
AND social sciences OR
engineering OR
multidisciplinary
• 21 reports from IEA, IRENA,
NREL, EU, EIA, BNEF,
REN21, WEC, WRI, UNDP,
WB
Identify recurring
patterns of D3
configurations,
designating them as
D3 energy system
archetypes
• Review concrete
examples (case
studies or
theoretical
description)
• Descriptive analysis
• Expert formalization
• 24 papers, 9 policy reports
• 10 experts – Utility, policy,
start-ups, NGO, community
representatives
Collate archetypes
into a typology
Analytical typology on
influencing variables
and their implications
on system formation
and perpetuation
(Eitan, 2019; Given, 2008)
14. Key Defining Features
Theme Defining Feature Characteristics
Spatial
RE resource availability Solar, Onshore wind Offshore wind, Geothermal, Hydro Biomass, Wave
Land availability Significant/minimal land Urban density and rooftops suitability Rural and agricultural conservation
Institutional
Policy and regulation Policy Ambition Regulatory Discretion Transparency
Institutional characteristics Institutional and human capacity T&D system management practices Regulatory and institutional setup
Political economy context Political stability and risks Influence of lobby
Power Market context and setup Open/closed markets Utilities Consumers
Partnerships Private participation Cross-border trading opportunities Import dependence – Fuels, energy technologies
Financial context Access to finance Financial risks Business model evolution
Key economic industries Key industries’ demand New D3 market establishments D3 manufacturing sector
Technical
Technology costs & innovation trends Technology cost projections on a regional scale Performance and capability trends Technology adoption rates
Grid characteristics New/old, interconnectedness; active/reactive Coverage of the T&D networks
Power system vulnerability Natural threats Physical threats Cyber threats
15. Designating key features into recurring patterns of
distinct D3 configurations as system archetypes
• Each archetype promotes a specific development pattern.
• Archetypes are used as building blocks for power systems
Consumer
involvement
Utility
involvement
Operator
involvement
DER prevalence T&D adaptivity Bulk revolution
16. Recurring patterns of distinct D3 configurations
Grid
characteristics
Innovation trends
Key industries Finance
Partnerships Market setup
Political context
Institutional
characteristics
Policy &
regulation
Land
RE availability
System
vulnerability
Implications
Consumer
involvement
Utility
involvement
Operator
involvement
DER prevalence T&D adaptivity Bulk revolution
17. Goal 2:
D3-compatible
energy trilemma
evaluation tree
Objective Method Source
Identify current trilemma
metrics and
characteristics
Lit. review - energy trilemma
indices
WEC methodology and
datasets report
(Weiss, et al., 2021; Song
et al., 2017; Heffron et al.,
2018)
Illuminate gaps
Where trilemma adresses
D3 implications
Highlight modifications
needed
for D3 energy systems
towards the trilemma
goals
A critical evaluation
comparing data from ETI
and D3 influencing
variables within the
typology from previous
research
Compile the
modifications into three
levels
D3-compatible
dimensions
D3-compatible categories
D3-compatible indicators
Value Tree Analysis (VTA)
within ETI
Amalgamation of the 3-level
VTA and 3-levels of ETI
(Borysiewicz et al., 2015)
18. D3-compatible energy trilemma evaluation tree
Dimension
Security &
Resilience
Environment
sustainability
Equity
D. Country
context
Security of demand
Land
Democratization
Employment
capacity on stand-
alone or off-grid
Interuptability of
demand response
use intensity Soil quality
Participation in
energy-decisions
Ownership of
energy assets
Job creation Capacity building
D3
energy
system
structure
Trilemma
Category Indicator
19. D3-compatible energy trilemma evaluation tree
Dimension
Security &
Resilience
Environment
sustainability
Equity
D. Country
context
Security of demand
Land
Democratization
Employment
capacity on stand-
alone or off-grid
Interuptability of
demand response
use intensity Soil quality
Participation in
energy-decisions
Ownership of
energy assets
Job creation Capacity building
D3
energy
system
structure
Trilemma
Category Indicator
Bulk
DER
T&D
T&D
DER
Bulk
Bulk
DER
20. Energy Security indicators
Overall Flexibility Supply Power plants overall flexibility supply (Share of power plant ancillary services in power system/overall
flexibility capacity)
Power grid overall flexibility supply (Interconnected transmission power capacity [HVDC/AC,
regional/country])
T&D operation capacity - active-reactive power and voltage control/overall power system flexibility
supply)
Security of supply Diversity of energy generation technologies
Diversity of resource mix for electricity generation
Improts (fuels, electricity, technologies)
Resource adequacy of supply
Resilience of electricity system Electricity storage (long-mid-short duration; High voltage utility storage and distributed storage)
System stability and recovery capacity
Security of demand
(demand-side response)
Sufficiency of prosumption
Independent operation capacity on a stand-alone or off-grid basis
Interuptability of demand response (Consumer group splitting, interuptable contracts)
Demand-side response offerings (load-shifting) in electricity, capacity and ancillary service markets
(i.e. through storage or a balanced autonomy through energy infrastructure)
Fossil fuels security
(oil and gas)
Synchronisation scaling up clean energy technologies with scaling back of fossil fuels
Strategic gas stocks
Strategic fuel stocks
21. Energy Equity
Accessibility
Share of households with access to a minimum level of (clean) electricity (connection to an electricity
grid/ a renewable stand-alone/mini-grid system
Share of households with access to clean cooking (reliance by fuel and technology type, including
natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), electricity and biogas or ICS
Share of households with access to clean transportation (primary reliance on modern technologies,
including Electric/Hydrogen transportation)
Share of households with sufficient capacity to deliver 'minimum energy services'
Affordability
Share of household income spent on electricity/energy services
Average electricity prices (residential/retail/wholesale electricity price)
Fair/Just
Household income group spent on energy use by corresponding fuel mix
Fair price (Difference between tariffs and their distribution over different income decile and
geographical spread)
Share of households [or population] connections to technology types (grid connections
[interconnected/mini/micro/stand alone], generation technologies, metering technologies)
Democratization
(transparency, participation, consumer
responsiveness, empowerment)
Ownership of energy components (generaion and storage) by community/utilities/private investors
Responses to public consultations of energy-related projects
Active public participation in energy-related policy-making (number of participants in energy market) -
CHECK WITH DEFINING FACTOR
Awareness raising campaigns on energy issues (per year, by issue type)
E-government on-line energy-related information availability
22. Environmental sustainability indicators
Atmosphere
(GHG emissions and air quality)
GHG emissions from energy production and use per capita
GHG emissions from energy production and use per GDP
Direct GHG emissions from energy production and use
Embedded GHG emissions from energy production and use
CH4 per capita
P.M. 2.5 mean annual exposure
PM 10 mean annual exposure
Water
(quality and use intensity)
Oil discharges into coastal waters
Contaminant discharges in liquid effluents from energy system
Ratio of direct water usage to lifetime power generation (per generation unit)
Land
(land-use intensity, soil quality, and
forestation)
Ratio of direct land usage to lifetime power generation (per generation unit)
Reference to available land in the country and energy needs
Soil area where acidification exceeds critical load
Rate of deforestation attributed to energy use
Solid waste
(generation and management)
Ratio of solid waste generation to units of energy produced
Reuseability/Recycleability
Biodiversity and ecological habitat Ratio of direct biodiversity impacts to energy use (per generation unit/sector)
23. How A compatible D3 Index can help
modelers in assessing uncertainties?
Energy System Optimization Models require decision making under
deep uncertainty.
One of the main challenges for analysts and decision makers:
Agreeing about the appropriate conceptual models that
describe the relationships among key driving forces that will
shape the long-term future (Yue, et al., 2018).
The index as a preliminary step for models helps
modelers determine:
(1) What is the information that we need to look at
(2) What are the measures that determine each of the
trilemma dimensions
(3) Accordingly, the models help understand the threshold
value and the weights of each indicator.
24. “Your future hasn't
been written yet. No
one’s has. Your future
is whatever you make
it. So, make it a good
one.” – Doc Brown, “Back To The Future”