A class ii knox gene,knox4, controls seed dormancy
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This document summarizes a research paper that studied the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling physical dormancy in seeds. The research used the model legume Medicago truncatula and identified a class II KNOX gene called KNOX4 that regulates physical dormancy by controlling seed coat development and cuticle composition. The study found that KNOX4 directly regulates cuticle biosynthetic genes and mutation of KNOX4 alters seed coat architecture and cuticle composition, leading to loss of physical dormancy. The research provides insights into the molecular mechanism of physical dormancy and the role of KNOX genes in seed plant evolution.
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tissue culture.pptx
tissue culture, a method of biological research in which fragments of tissue from an animal or plant are transferred to an artificial environment in which they can continue to survive and function. The cultured tissue may consist of a single cell, a population of cells, or a whole or part of an organ.
Applications include:
micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals.
screening programmes of cells, rather than plants for advantageous characters.
large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture as a source of secondary products.
Culture
1. The document reports on developing a micropropagation protocol for Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi).
2. Various tissue culture techniques were tested, including callus culture and meristem culture, to optimize shoot initiation and proliferation using different concentrations of BAP and TDZ.
3. The results showed that MS medium supplemented with 2% BAP produced the highest number and length of shoots, making it the most effective treatment for shoot multiplication.
Nanofertilizers in fruit crops
Use of nanofertilizers on fruit trees contributes effectively to improve the fruit quality and increasing the productivity of trees. It reduces environmental pollution by reducing the amount of fertilizers used, which is positively reflected in the increased economic return of the farmers. When nanofertilizers sprayed at very low concentration on fruit trees, these compounds have had a direct effect by increasing the growth, yield and quality of these fruit crops.
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
The biocompatible membranes are widely applied in the medical field in order to stimulate tissue repair. The biological principle of this type of treatment is the repair and guided regeneration. In the literature, there are few reports of studies evaluating the effects and biological properties of norbixin in animal tissues. Thus, the present study was to evaluate the effect of polystyrene membrane with collagen and norbixin, through the micronucleus test and comet assay in rats, as part of the recommended test battery to evaluate the mutagenic potential. The research project was approved by CEP / FACID Protocol 069/2014. For this study, 15 rats were divided into 3 groups were used: A - the membrane was introduced into the peritoneum of the animals through a laparotomy; B - received cyclophosphamide at a dose of 50mg / kg intraperitoneally; C - were performed only one laparotomy. A peripheral blood sample was collected from the animals for conducting Comet assay and 72 hours after the start of the experiment were euthanized. It was collected bone marrow material of each rat to perform the micronucleus test. In conclusion, through the tests, the membrane is not genotoxic
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
The biocompatible membranes are widely applied in the medical field in order to stimulate tissue repair. The biological principle of this type of treatment is the repair and guided regeneration. In the literature, there are few reports of studies evaluating the effects and biological properties of norbixin in animal tissues. Thus, the present study was to evaluate the effect of polystyrene membrane with collagen and norbixin, through the micronucleus test and comet assay in rats, as part of the recommended test battery to evaluate the mutagenic potential. The research project was approved by CEP / FACID Protocol 069/2014. For this study, 15 rats were divided into 3 groups were used: A - the membrane was introduced into the peritoneum of the animals through a laparotomy; B - received cyclophosphamide at a dose of 50mg / kg intraperitoneally; C - were performed only one laparotomy. A peripheral blood sample was collected from the animals for conducting Comet assay and 72 hours after the start of the experiment were euthanized. It was collected bone marrow material of each rat to perform the micronucleus test. In conclusion, through the tests, the membrane is not genotoxic.
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
The biocompatible membranes are widely applied in the medical field in order to stimulate tissue repair. The biological principle of this type of treatment is the repair and guided regeneration. In the literature, there are few reports of studies evaluating the effects and biological properties of norbixin in animal tissues. Thus, the present study was to evaluate the effect of polystyrene membrane with collagen and norbixin, through the micronucleus test and comet assay in rats, as part of the recommended test battery to evaluate the mutagenic potential. The research project was approved by CEP / FACID Protocol 069/2014. For this study, 15 rats were divided into 3 groups were used: A - the membrane was introduced into the peritoneum of the animals through a laparotomy; B - received cyclophosphamide at a dose of 50mg / kg intraperitoneally; C - were performed only one laparotomy. A peripheral blood sample was collected from the animals for conducting Comet assay and 72 hours after the start of the experiment were euthanized. It was collected bone marrow material of each rat to perform the micronucleus test. In conclusion, through the tests, the membrane is not genotoxic
Source of Microbes & Enzyme Immobilization
Originally isolated from nature, but increasingly "improved" by genetic manipulation via mutagenesis and selection or recombinant DNA technology or protoplast fusion (fungi)
Applications of plant biotechnology
Plant biotechnology also known as green biotechnology is the use of biotechnology in plant or crop production. There are several techniques used such as ell culturing. Organ culture, explant culture, cell suspension culture are some culture types. This is a very useful technology in which have several applications like synthetic seed production, somaclonal variation, cybridization, hybridization.
Types of processing.pptx
The document provides information about upstream and downstream processing in bioprocessing. It discusses key steps in upstream processing like media formulation, strain selection and improvement. It also discusses downstream processing steps like separation of cells, cell disruption, extraction, concentration and purification. The overall document provides a concise overview of the major unit operations involved in bioprocessing.
Apg 301
This course covers principles of plant biotechnology and techniques of plant tissue culture. It aims to impart knowledge on various plant tissue culture techniques, fundamentals of genetic engineering, and their role in crop improvement. Specific objectives include understanding plant tissue culture techniques, genetic engineering fundamentals, and molecular markers. The course will cover topics such as the history of plant tissue culture and genetic engineering, tissue culture techniques, micropropagation, somaclonal variation, anther and embryo culture, genetic engineering methods, transgenic plants, and applications of biotechnology in crop improvement.
Bjy dissertation(1)
Brent Yoder isolated and characterized several new cytotoxic natural products from plants collected in Madagascar and Suriname as part of his dissertation research. From a Tambourissa species bark extract, he isolated a new hydroxybutanolide called tambouranolide, which has a unique long hydrocarbon chain. From Macaranga alnifolia fruit, he obtained four new prenylated stilbenes, one new geranylated dihydroflavanol, and five known compounds. Two of the new stilbenes showed high cytotoxicity. From Cerbera manghas bark and leaves, he isolated the known iridoid cerbinal and the known cardiac glycoside neriifolin, both of which exhibited
Isolation and preservation of industrial cultures_ lecture 6.pptx
This document discusses methods for isolating, preserving, and screening industrial microbial cultures. It describes various techniques for isolating pure cultures from environmental samples, including enrichment methods and selective culturing. Methods for preserving cultures long-term include storage at reduced temperatures on agar slopes or in liquid nitrogen, as well as dehydration techniques like drying cultures on soil or lyophilization. The document also outlines approaches for screening isolated cultures based on their properties and potential industrial applications.
Similar to A class ii knox gene,knox4, controls seed dormancy (20)
Isolation and identification of protease producing bacteria
Isolation and identification of protease producing bacteria
Nanotechnology for the improvement of vegetable crops
Nanotechnology for the improvement of vegetable crops
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
Genotoxicity Evaluation of Polystyrene Membrane with Collagen and Norbixin by...
Isolation and preservation of industrial cultures_ lecture 6.pptx
Isolation and preservation of industrial cultures_ lecture 6.pptx
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Gene Therapy
Gene therapy involves inserting functional genes into patients' cells to treat genetic diseases. It was first proposed in the 1960s and attempted in the 1970s. The first approved human gene therapy trial took place in 1990, treating a girl with severe combined immunodeficiency. Since then, gene therapy has been used experimentally to treat various diseases including cancer, cystic fibrosis, and HIV. There are two main approaches - ex vivo, where cells are removed and modified before being returned to the body, and in vivo, where genes are directly inserted into target tissues. Viruses are often used as vectors to deliver therapeutic genes, with retroviruses commonly used for ex vivo therapy and adenoviruses for in vivo.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Phenylketonuria & Alkaptonuria
This document summarizes a presentation on three metabolic disorders: Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Phenylketonuria, and Alkaptonuria. Maple Syrup Urine Disease is caused by a defect in breaking down branched chain amino acids, leading to a buildup that causes a sweet smell to urine and metabolic crises. Phenylketonuria results from the body's inability to break down phenylalanine, causing toxic buildup and issues like intellectual disability if left untreated. Alkaptonuria is a rare disorder where the body cannot break down amino acids, causing a black pigment to accumulate in tissues over time and lead to osteoarthritis.
Chromosomal aberrations
This document provides an overview of chromosomes. It begins by defining a chromosome as a structure that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes are located in the cell nucleus and are made up of DNA and protein. The total complement of genes in an organism makes up its genome, which can be stored on one or more chromosomes. In humans, there are usually 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. The document then discusses chromosome structure, the different types of chromosomes, the functions of chromosomes, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes. It concludes by defining chromosome aberrations and describing the two main types: structural and numerical aberrations.
Bioremediation of Aquifers and Marine Oil Spills
This document discusses bioremediation techniques for cleaning up aquifers and marine oil spills. It defines bioremediation and oil spills, describes causes and impacts of spills. Techniques discussed include using nutrient enrichment or microorganisms like Alcanivorax borkumensis bacteria to break down oil, and developing "superbugs" with multiple degradation gene plasmids. While bioremediation is more natural and cost effective than physical/chemical methods, it works slowly and requires site-specific approaches.
Fragile x syndrome
Fragile X syndrome is caused by a mutation on the FMR1 gene on the X chromosome. It is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. The mutation involves a trinucleotide CGG repeat that silences the FMR1 gene, preventing production of the FMRP protein needed for normal brain development. Affected individuals have intellectual disabilities, autism-like behaviors, anxiety, and other issues. Males typically have more severe symptoms than females. While there is no cure, early intervention and therapies can help manage symptoms.
Rotavirus
Rotavirus is a common virus that causes severe diarrhea in infants and young children. It infects the intestines and causes inflammation of the stomach and bowels. The main symptoms are watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever and dehydration. It is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Diagnosis involves detecting the virus or its proteins in stool samples. Treatment focuses on preventing dehydration through oral rehydration. Vaccines have been developed to help prevent rotavirus infection and reduce its global impact.
Revolution of paddy, vegetables and fruits production in bangladesh
This document summarizes the agricultural revolution in Bangladesh, focusing on the production of rice, vegetables, and fruits. It describes how the introduction of high-yielding varieties, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and modern machinery led to major increases in food production. For rice, production increased from 10.59 million tons in 1971 to 25 million tons currently to feed the country's growing population. New drought-tolerant and flood-tolerant rice varieties have been introduced. Vegetable production has also increased substantially through the development of new varieties by agricultural researchers. While fruit production is still underdeveloped, genetically modified fruits like lychee, tomatoes, apples, and strawberries are being experimented with in Bangladesh. The agricultural revolution has boosted
Hybrid pomato
This document discusses a new type of plant called pomato, which is developed through grafting tomato scions onto potato rootstocks. Pomato plants produce both tomatoes and potatoes, taking advantage of the close genetic relationship between the two plants as members of the Solanaceae family. Pomato has significant impacts for developing countries by allowing farmers to save on space, time and labor without compromising quality of produce. Each pomato plant can yield 500 cherry tomatoes and 2kg of potatoes through standard harvesting processes.
Edible vaccine
Edible vaccines are genetically engineered foods that contain antigens to produce an immune response against infections and diseases. They are administered orally by eating the food and induce both mucosal and systemic immunity. The antigens in edible vaccines break down in the Peyer's patches and activate B-cells to produce antibodies that provide mucosal immunity. Edible vaccines have been explored for diseases like diabetes, cholera, malaria, and measles. They offer advantages like low-cost mass production and distribution without needing medical facilities but also have challenges in maintaining consistent dosages. Future prospects include approval by WHO and production of edible vaccines for other major diseases.
plastocyanin
Plastocyanin is a copper-containing protein involved in electron transfer during photosynthesis. It carries electrons from cytochrome f to photosystem I. The structure of plastocyanin has been characterized through X-ray crystallography, revealing a beta-barrel structure and trigonal copper binding site. Plastocyanin cycles between its reduced and oxidized states as it transfers electrons between cytochrome f and photosystem I via specific reaction pathways. As an essential component of photosynthesis, plastocyanin plays an important role in environmental processes.
Cybercrime a growing threat of 21 st century !!!
Cybercrime is a growing threat in the 21st century. It refers to criminal activities conducted using computers and technology. The first recorded cybercrime occurred in 1820, and cybercrime has evolved over time with new technologies. Cybercrime can target individuals, property, organizations, and society. Common cybercrimes include hacking, phishing, and spreading viruses. While no prevention method can eliminate cybercrime, education and using security software, backups, and firewalls can help reduce risks. International cooperation is needed to address cybercrime challenges.
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Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Phenylketonuria & Alkaptonuria
Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Phenylketonuria & Alkaptonuria
Revolution of paddy, vegetables and fruits production in bangladesh
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Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action一比一原版(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【(UMTC毕业证书)明尼苏达大学双城分校毕业证成绩单学位证】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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留信网认证的作用:
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选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainablydifferent Modes of Insect Plant Interaction
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
Q&A with the Experts: The Food Service Playbook
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyMicrobial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdf
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
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Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
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A class ii knox gene,knox4, controls seed dormancy
- 1. Course Code:GEB301 Course Title: Plant Physiology Course Instructor: Dr. Md. Tofazzal Islam Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Department
- 2. RICHITA ISLAM(2015-1-77-049) ZANNATI EVA (2015-2-77-003) ASMA HOSSAIN (2015-2-77-004) SYEDA KASHFIA KABIR (2015-2-77-008)
- 3. The Research Paper At A Glance
- 4. By Mr. Maofeng Chai & his co-workers • This was published in PNAS Journal (vol. 113 | no. 25) • Published Date: June 21 2016 • DOI:10.1073
- 5. Outlines • Keywords • Background of the Research • Introduction • Objectives • Materials and Methods • Results and Discussion • Conclusions
- 6. Keywords Seed Physical Dormancy - It is a complex adaptive trait of higher plants that allows embryos to survive extended periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. Seed Coat: The outer protective covering of a seed. The seed coat develops from the ovule. Also called testa.
- 7. Keywords KNOX Gene - A class II KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOXII) gene, KNOX4, is responsible for the loss of physical dormancy in the seeds. Medicago Truncatula - The barrelclover, strong-spined medick, barrel medic, is a small annual legume native to the Mediterranean region that is used in genomic research.
- 8. Background of this Research There are 2 types of seed dormancy :- Seed Physiological Dormancy which is caused by endogenous factors (e.g., abscisic acid) in embryos.Most molecular studies on seed dormancy have focused on physiological dormancy, using model species Arabidopsis thaliana. Seed Physical dormancy is an exogenous dormancy caused by a water- impermeable hard seed coat. To know the factors behind seed physical dormancy this research was doe.
- 9. Introduction Physical Dormancy allows plants to maintain a seed bank in soil, and thus survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Using the model legume plant, Medicago truncatula, to study seed Physical Dormancy because this species produces seeds with typical physical dormancy. The genetic and molecular analyses revealed that a class II KNOTTED-like homeobox (KNOX) gene, KNOX4, controls physical dormancy by regulating seed-coat cuticle development.
- 10. Objectives To know the cause behind seed plant evolution from seed. To understand the molecular mechanism of physical dormancy. To identify mutants with defects in physical dormancy. To identify the differences between mutant and wild type seeds.
- 11. Materials The essential materials of the research were: 1. Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 2. TAIL-PCR & RT-PCR 3. Optimum temperature :20-22 degree Celsius(Day/night) 4. Optimum photo period:16-h/8-h (Day/night) 5. Relative humidity 70-80% Medicago truncatula
- 12. Methods Plasmids & Plant Transformation Lipid Polyester Analysis GUS Staining In Situ Hybridization Analysis RNA Extraction, RT-PCR Analysis Microscopic Observations of Seed Coat Plant Materials & Growth Condition METHOD
- 13. Results and Discussion Isolation and Characterization of Mutants Without Physical Dormancy. Physical Dormancy Is Controlled by KNOX4. Expression Pattern of KNOX4. Loss of Function of KNOX4 Dramatically Altered Seed Coat Architecture Mutation of KNOX4 Altered Seed Coat Cuticle Composition. KNOX4 Directly Regulates Cuticle Biosynthetic Genes. KNOX4-Like Genes Are Involved in Seed Plants Evolution.
- 18. Conclusion The study of our journal provides an understanding of the molecular mechanism of physical dormancy and offers a perspective for seed plant evolution. We have showed that M. truncatula is an ideal model for studying physical dormancy of seeds. KNOX4 is a key regulator for seed coat development and controls seed physical dormancy by affecting downstream cuticle genes.This journal elucidated a novel molecular mechanism of physical dormancy and revealed a new role of class II KNOX genes.
- 19. Thanks to the Authors (Mr. Chai & his co-workers) Our Respective Course Instructor Dr. Md. Tofazzal Islam Our Teaching Assistant Effi Haque & all of our group members
- 20. THANK YOU...