This document discusses several global environmental conferences and organizations. It summarizes the Stockholm Conference in 1972, where representatives from over 100 countries established the United Nations Environment Programme and agreed upon 26 principles in the Stockholm Declaration addressing issues such as pollution, conservation, and the relationship between environment and development. It also discusses the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, where the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, and a statement on forests were adopted. Finally, it outlines the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, formed in 1988, which has produced assessment reports on climate change and the risks and impacts of human-induced warming.

1. A BRIEFLY DISCUSSION
ON
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES:
 TOPIC INCLUDE:
•Stockholm conference.
•Earth summit’s
•Intergovernmental panel on climate change
Submitted by:
ASISH MANA
Roll-50

2. Objectives of the assignment:
 To acquaint the of the global environmental
issues.
 To know about the reason that led to env. issues.
 What are the goals.

3. World Conservation
Strategy(wcs):
UNCED, IUCN,UNEP,WWF,CSD, WSSD,UNESCO e.t.c
international union try to developed a long range plan of
wcs for conserving the world’s bio-logical resources.
Followed by “caring for the earth: a strategy for
sustainable living.” Improve the quality of human life.

4. Stockholm Conference:
• Held in Stockholm ,Sweden from June 5-16 (1972).
• This was the first step toward “sustainability revolution.”
 This conference took place with:
• 113 states
• 400 NGOs
• 1500 journalists
• 19 intergovernmental agencies
Conference themes:
a) The interdependence of
human beings and the
natural env.
b) Preservation and enrichment
of human env.
c) Links btw. Social and
economic development and
env. Protection.
d) The need for global vision
and common principles.
The meeting agreed upon
a declaration:
• Containing 26 principles
• 109 recommendation
• resolution on institutional
and financial arrangements.

5. Principles of the Stockholm declaration:
1. Human rights must be asserted, apartheid and colonialism condemned.
2. Natural resources must be safeguarded.
3. The earth’s capacity to produce renewable resource must be maintained.
4. Wildlife must be safeguarded.
5. Non-renewable resources must be shared and not exhausted.
6. Pollution must no exceed the env. Capacity to clean itself.
7. Damaging oceanic pollution must be prevented.
8. Development is needed to improve env.
9. Developing countries therefore need assistance.
10. Developing countries need reasonable prices for exports to carry out environmental.
11. Env. Policy must not be hamper development.
12. Developing countries need money to develop env. Safeguarded.
13. Integrated development planning is needed.
14. Rational planning should resolve conflicts btw. Environment and development.
15. Human settlements must be planned to eliminate environmental problems.
16. Gov. Should plan their own appropriate population policies.
17. National institution s must plan development of states natural resources.
18. Science and technology must be used to improve the environment.
19. Environmental education is essential.
20. Environmental research must be promoted particularly in developing countries.
21. States may exploit their resources as they wish but must not endanger others.
22. Compensation is due to states thus endangered.
23. Each nation must establish its own standards.
24. There must be co-operation on international issues.
25. International organizations should help to improve the environment.
26. Weapons of mass destruction must be eliminated.

6. Significance of Stockholm conference:
 Stockholm declaration has highly influence in the development of
international environmental laws and policies.
 The declaration containing 26 principles is generally regarded as the
foundation of modern international environmental laws.
 The creation of “UNEP” was the landmark achievement of the Stockholm
declaration.
 It’s provided inspiration, created public awareness of and concern over
environmental issues internationally.
 The approach to international responsibility.
 Redefinitions of the international issues.

7. Earth summit’s:
•Held on 3rd -14th June 1992 in Rio-de-Jenerio.
•The Rio concept of sustainable development included:
a. Equal consideration of environment, society and
economy for all.
b. Inter-generational solidarity-consideration of the needs
of future generation.
c. Intra-generational solidarity-consideration of the needs
of poor.
Earth summit
Three agreements
Rio-declaration on
environment and
development
Agenda 21
The statement of
forest principles

8. The summit’s message:
• Nothing less than a transformation of our attitudes and
behaviour would bring about the necessary changes it.
• the message reflected the complexity of the problems
focusing us:
a. That poverty.
b. As well as excessive consumption by affluent
population place stress on the env.
•All economic decisions fully took account any environmental impact.
•The message has produced results, making eco-efficiently a guiding principle
for business and governments like.

9. EARTH SUMMIT-1992
The Issued Discussed:
• gasoline, poisonous waste including
radioactive chemicals.
•Replace the use to fossil fuels.
•The growing scarcity of water.
RIO+20 or earth summit-2012
The Issued Discussed:
a. Disaster. e. Cities.
b. Ocean. f. Energy.
c. Water. g. Jobs.
d. Food.
WAY TO DO(CONVENTIONS):
•UNFCC , the global agreement to cut green house
gas(GHG) emission, was developed as part of this
convention.
•The convention on biological diversity(CBD)
EARTH SUMMIT CONTINUE.....

10. INTERGOVERMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE:
•Formation – 1988
•Headquarters-
Geneva,Switzerland
•Head- Korean
economist Hoesung
Lee has been the
chair of the IPCC
since 8 oct. 2015.
•Parent
organization- WMO
&UNEP
Principles Governing IPCC work:
The risk of human-induced
climate change.
It’s potential impacts.
Possible options for prevention.
IPCC Assessment reports:
•FAR 1990 suplementary-1992
•SAR -1995
•TAR- 2001
•AR4 – 2007
•AR5- 2014
•AR6(Currently preparing)-2022

11. Preparation of reports:
•Approval
•Adoption
•Acceptance.
IPCC CONTINUE.....
Impacts:
•Agriculture
•Health
•Water
•Extreme Weather
The Paris agreement aims- bellow 2°c
compared to pre- industrial levels and
pursue efforts to limit the increase even
further, to 1.5°c.
WAT TO FORWARD & STEP TO 1.5°C :
•Energy generation:
Change the pattern of energy
generation ( use solar). (out
come carbon =absorbed carbon.
•Land use:
Cropping system change.
•Cities:
Change infrastructure of
cities(use metro).
•Industry:
Global emissions of CO2 need
to decline by 45% from
2010level by 2030.
Coal is expected to reduce to
close to zero.
N.B: There is a crucial role for all
the states.

12. Conclusion:
For humans to live sustainably, the
earth’s natural resource must be used at a
rate at which they can be replenished(and
by limiting global warming).

13. THANK YOU
SAVE TREE
SEE DREAM