3. National substance abuse treatment trends in the US show that in 2002, 3.5 million people received treatment, mostly for alcohol (54%) or drugs (46%). The majority of those in treatment were male (70%) and white (50%). Marijuana (38%), heroin (25.5%), and cocaine (19.1%) were the primary drugs treated.
2. Current drug use trends in the US from 2002 data show widespread use of marijuana (14.6 million users), hallucinogens like Ecstasy (1.2 million users), cocaine (2 million users), and non-medical use of prescription drugs like pain relievers (4.4 million users). Alcohol remains the most widely
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Part of the Addiction Counselor Certification Training Series. Theories of addiction including moral, medical
Meaning,Types of alcoholism and drug abuse and their explanation, Symptoms, Law, rights and amendments, Addiction vs abuse, Survey, Literature review and future aspect.
Reviews addiction theory, the Jellenik curve, reasons for use and risk and protective factors related to substance abuse. NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, and California Board of Behavioral Sciences approved Mental Health continuing education and addictions counselor training series. Narrated versions and CEUs available at http://www.allceus.com
Drug and alcohol addiction develops over time, but it often comes with copious warning signs before casual use grows into full-blown addiction. Even before a person uses, there are many signs that could indicate a person is more likely to fall into abusive patterns of drug use. While risk factors don’t necessarily mean that addiction is inevitable, it’s important for individuals to be aware of their risk level so their behavior will be more informed if they choose to engage in drug use. Watch our slide show for information and statistics about drug and alcohol abuse risk factors. For more information about seeking help with addiction recovery for yourself or a loved one, contact Hillside.
The video for this presentation is available on our Youtube channel:
https://youtube.com/allceuseducation A continuing education course for this presentation can be found at https://www.allceus.com/member/cart/index/index?c=
Part of the Addiction Counselor Certification Training Series. Theories of addiction including moral, medical
Meaning,Types of alcoholism and drug abuse and their explanation, Symptoms, Law, rights and amendments, Addiction vs abuse, Survey, Literature review and future aspect.
Reviews addiction theory, the Jellenik curve, reasons for use and risk and protective factors related to substance abuse. NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, and California Board of Behavioral Sciences approved Mental Health continuing education and addictions counselor training series. Narrated versions and CEUs available at http://www.allceus.com
Drug and alcohol addiction develops over time, but it often comes with copious warning signs before casual use grows into full-blown addiction. Even before a person uses, there are many signs that could indicate a person is more likely to fall into abusive patterns of drug use. While risk factors don’t necessarily mean that addiction is inevitable, it’s important for individuals to be aware of their risk level so their behavior will be more informed if they choose to engage in drug use. Watch our slide show for information and statistics about drug and alcohol abuse risk factors. For more information about seeking help with addiction recovery for yourself or a loved one, contact Hillside.
This research paper focuses on prescription opioids and its effects on the African American community. The author discusses the background, best treatment intervention, and ethical considerations associated with prescription opioids and their use within the African American population.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
1. Introduction to Addiction Basics:
…What the Non-Specialist Needs to Know
By Elizabeth Kotkin, MA, LMFT,
Clinical Standards Coordinator
Department of Alcohol and Drug
Services
Santa Clara County
2. National Treatment Trends:
o 3.5 million people age 12 or older received substance abuse treatment
in 2002
o 54% were for alcohol
o 46% were for drugs
o 70% men
o 30% women
o Over 50% were white, 26% African-American, 7.7% Hispanic,
2.2% Native Americans, and less than .06%
Asian/Pacific-Islanders.
3. o Of those admitted for drug treatment, 38% were for treatment of
primary cocaine use, 25.5% for heroin use and 19.1% for
marijuana
National Treatment Trends:
4. Current Drug Trends In USA:
• Marijuana: Estimated 14.6
million users in 2002, one third
of whom used 20 or more days
during the last month.
• Hallucinogens: 1.2 million
users estimated in 2002,
including 676,000 users of
Ecstasy
• Stimulants: Estimated 2
million users of cocaine in
2002, 567,000 of whom used
crack ….Methamphetamines
show increased use in Bay
Area
• Heroin: Estimated 166,000
users, many under the age of
25 in 2002
• Prescription Drug Abuse:
Estimated 6.2 million took
prescription drugs non-
medically in 2002:
• 4.4 million use pain relievers
• 1.8 million use tranquilizers
• 1.2 million use stimulants
• 0.4 million use sedatives
5. Alcohol Trends In The USA
• Alcohol: a CNS depressant
which accounts for 85% of the
drug addiction problem in the
USA
• 10% of those who drink
consume 50% of the alcohol
used in this country. The
majority of those who do drink
currently, do so less than once
per week.
• 1996 overall per capita alcohol
consumption in USA was 2.35
gallons of pure alcohol per
person per year
• 120 million Americans 12 or
older reported being current
drinkers of alcohol in 2002.
• 54 billion (22.9 %) were binge
drinkers and 15.9 million
(6.7%) were heavy drinkers
• Prevalence of current alcohol
use is increasing in 2002:
• 2 % at age 12
• 6.5% at age 13
• 13.4 % at age 14,
• 19.9 % at age 15,
• 29 % at age 16
• 26.2% at age 17
• 70.9 % at age 21 (peak rate)
6. Monitoring the Future
Statistics: 2004
• 50,000 students in the 8th, 10th
and 12th grade were surveyed.
• Any illicit drug use in the prior
12 months continued to decline
in 2004. This trend has been
consistent since 1996 for 8th
graders (23.6% in 1996 to
15.2% in 2004)
• Marijuana is by far the most
widely reported drug used of
the illicit drugs, but it also
declined some in 2004
• There was a resurgence of
inhalant use in all grades
reported, but it was particularly
a problem for 8th graders
• The reported alcohol use by
American teens is mixed in
2004. There was an overall drop
in all grades since 2002. But for
12th graders, alcohol use tended
towards an increase.
• Any reported use of alcohol
for the past 12 months in
2004:
36.7% for 8th graders,
58.2% for 10th graders
and 70.6% of 12th graders.
7. US HISTORY: Alcohol
Colonial period:
o Before contact with Europeans, Native Americans had little
experience with alcohol
o Europeans brought alcohol to the Americas, and it pervaded
every aspect of colonial life
o Alcohol =“good creature of god”
o “Rough justice”
8. US HISTORY: Alcohol
New Nation:
1790: Quaker Reform Movement: first jail in Philadelphia
Benjamin Rush (1746-1813) Physician-General of the
Continental Army and signer of the Declaration of
Independence
Disease concept and abstinence the cure
Method: religious conversion and medical intervention
1810: Establishment of “Sober Houses”
9. Early 19th century (1790-1830):
o Highest period of alcohol consumption in
US history
o 1792: 2,579 distilleries --per capita
consumption: 2.5 gallons
o 1810: 14,191 distilleries --per capita
consumption: 4.5 gallons
o 1830: all time USA high-- per capita
consumption of 7.1 gallons
US HISTORY: Alcohol
11. US HISTORY: Alcohol
1825-1850:
o Temperance Movement: a Women’s
Movement influenced by Rush and led by
Carrie Nation
o Public perception of alcohol shifted to
“demon rum”
13. US HISTORY: Alcohol
1850-1900:
o 1841: Dorothea Dix (1802-87) reform movement
to create mental hospitals
o Institutionalization for the treatment of alcoholics
becomes popular
o 1870: American Association for the Cure of
Inebriates began with six institutions
o By 1902: there were more than 100 addiction
centers in USA
14. US HISTORY: Drugs
Colonial period:
o Enthusiastic advocacy of “therapeutic potential” of
opium by medical profession
o 1770- 1914:“Dover's powder”: most widely used
opium compound
15. US HISTORY: Drugs
19th Century:
o Between 60%-80% of opiate users were women
o Drug use widely accepted for both sexes.
o Opiates prescribed for “female problems” (painful
menstruation) and “neurasthenia”
17. o Cocaine: used for neurasthenia, “wasting disease” and as
a cure for opiate addiction (Freud)
o Chloral Hydrate: Sedative-hypnotic (laughing gas) used
for neurasthenia
o Cannabis: widely prescribed between 1840-1900 for
asthma, bronchitis, “women’s diseases” like headaches
and neurasthenia
Popular 19th Century Drugs
18. End of 19th — beginning of 20th Century:
o 1885-1917:, opiate use widespread -seemed
uncontrollable
o Increased advertising, over-prescription, mass
production and opium-bearing patent medicines
o Change in doctors’ attitudes: understanding of
habituation and the chemical actions of these drugs in
the body
Criminalization of Addiction:
21. o 1909: US convenes Shanghai Opium Conference-results in
international focus on lack of drug regulation internally in
US.
o 1906: the Pure Food and Drug Act (accurate labeling of
ingredients ) led to decrease in use of patent medicines,
o Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) restricts the rights of doctors
to prescribe opiates.
Legal Remedies Enacted:
23. o Anti-drug legislation promoted to public to counter
perceived social and economic “threats” of minorities,
primarily Asians and Blacks (and later, Mexicans in the
case of marijuana)
Racist Stereotypes :
o 19th Century view of opiate dependency as a
“misfortune” shifts to fear of the “dope fiend”
24. o Prohibition of alcohol in the 20’s (alcohol prohibition
repealed in 1933, drug prohibition is not).
o 1937: Marijuana tax act in effect makes it illegal
More Legal Remedies Enacted:
26. Definitions
According to Gold and Miller (1994), recent research indicates that drugs
are addictive because they “reinforce drug-taking behavior…addiction
arises because prolonged use of the drug alters the basic neurochemistry of
the brain, leading to physiological and psychological changes…(which) in
turn result in continued and accelerating use of the drug.”
The American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-IV (APA, 1994) now
reflects this updated research-based definition of addictive disorder,
with core concepts including:
(1) Compulsion
(2) Loss of control
(3) Continued use despite negative consequences
27.
28.
29.
30. Drugs Of Abuse: Common Terms
• Intoxication: reversible, substance-specific syndrome
• Short-acting vs. long-acting drugs: Drugs that have quick
onset are more reinforcing and more likely to be abused
• Drug “half-life”: The time it takes for a drug to become
pharmacologically inactive
• Cross-tolerance: Development of tolerance to one drug within
a class of drugs leads to tolerance to other drugs within that
same class of drugs
• Tolerance: Need to increase dosage to achieve the same effect
32. • Dimension 6: Recovery Environment
ASAM Dimensions
• Dimension 5: Relapse/Continued Use Potential
• Dimension 4: Readiness to Change
• Dimension 3: Emotional, Behavioral or Cognitive Conditions and
Complications
• Dimension 2: Biomedical Conditions and Complications
• Dimension 1: Acute Intoxication and/or Withdrawal
33. Motivational Interviewing
“Motivation can be understood not as something one has but rather
as something one does. It involves recognizing a problem, searching
for a way to change and then beginning and sticking with that
change strategy” Miller (1995)
o Motivational Interviewing is a way to minimize resistance,
resolve ambivalence and induce change.
o Readiness levels are accepted starting points for treatment rather
than reasons for elimination from treatment services.
35. o Motivation is key to change and it is constantly in flux
o Motivation is influenced by social interaction, namely
the counselor’s style
o At all stages of change, ambivalence is seen as normal
and not pathological
o Confrontation is a goal, not a therapeutic technique
CONCEPTUALIZING MOTIVATIONAL
INTERVIEWING
38. “There is a myth…that more is always better. More education,
more intense treatment, more confrontation will necessarily
produce more change. Nowhere is this less true than with
precontemplators. More intensity will often produce fewer results
with this group. So it is particularly important to use careful
motivational strategies, rather than mount high-intensity
programs…We cannot make precontemplators change, but we
can help motivate them to move to contemplation.” DiClemente,
(1991)
39. Stage 1: Precontemplation
• The client does not consider change. Seeks treatment due to
outside pressures such as family, job, etc., or due to legal
and/or medical concerns
40. Motivational Interviewing Tasks
Building Readiness
• A) Raise doubt about client’s belief that AOD use is
harmless
• B) Increase the client’s perception of risks and problems
with current behaviors
41. Clinical Interventions
• A) Establish rapport and trust and explore what brought
client into treatment
• B) Summarize: link the information together, especially
focusing on the client’s ambivalence. Educate about
possible links to AOD use
42. “Contemplation is often a very paradoxical stage of change…
Ambivalence is the archenemy of commitment and a prime
reason for chronic contemplation. Helping the client to work
through the ambivalence, to anticipate barriers, to decrease the
desirability of the problem behavior and to gain some increased
sense of self-efficacy to cope with this specific problem are all
stage-appropriate strategies.” DiClemente, (1991)
43. Stage 2: Contemplation
o The client is highly ambivalent about change. The client both
considers change and rejects it. The client will seesaw
between reasons for concern and justifications for continued
AOD use
44. Ambivalence
• A state of mind in which a person has coexisting but conflicting
feelings, thoughts, and actions about something
• The “I do but I don’t” dilemma
45. Motivational Interviewing Tasks:
Increasing Commitment
• A) Tip the decisional balance and strengthen self-efficacy
• B) Evoke from the client reasons to change and risks of not
changing
46. Clinical Interventions
• A) Show interest in how AOD use affects all areas of the
client’s life
• B) Reframe resentment: validate the client’s observations, but
offer a new interpretation of the data
47. Stage 3: Preparation
• The client is committed to and planning to make a change in the
near future but is still considering what to do
• Goal: Help client to get ready to make a change
• Elements of Change:…Ready….Willing….Able
48. Strategies For Preparation Stage
• Clarify goals & strategies
• Menu of options
• Offer advice
• Negotiate change plan
• Identify barriers
• Get social support
• Treatment expectations
• Publicize change plans
49. Stage 4: Action
• Client has decided to make a change
• Client has verbalized or demonstrated a firm commitment to change
• Efforts to modify behavior and/or environment are being taken
• Client demonstrates motivation and effort to achieve real change
• Client is involved in, and committed to, the change process
• Client is willing to follow suggested strategies and activities to change