Understanding Changes in the US 'Heroin" MarketDan Ciccarone
1. The document discusses changes in the US heroin market and the opioid epidemic. Rapid changes in heroin supply and increases in fentanyl adulteration have led to unpredictability in potency and a surge in overdoses.
2. Users report variability in the appearance, effects, and desirability of substances sold as "heroin" which are often cut with fentanyl without their knowledge. Discernment of substance type is difficult.
3. The crisis is devastating communities and requires improved surveillance, evidence-based treatment expansion, and harm reduction strategies to help bridge people to treatment and save lives.
A More Dangerous Heroin: Presented at Grand Rounds, Dept of Psychiatry, Rush ...Dan Ciccarone
This document summarizes a presentation on the changing heroin epidemic in the United States. It discusses rising overdose deaths, particularly from fentanyl-laced heroin. Interviews with heroin users find they face a unpredictable drug supply with wide variations in potency and effects. As the heroin market transitions, users must adopt new harm reduction strategies to navigate an increasingly dangerous situation.
National Academies of Science and Medicine: Intertwined Epidemics: Opioid and...Dan Ciccarone
This document summarizes research on the intertwined opioid and heroin epidemics in the United States. It discusses trends showing rising overdose rates for both opioids and heroin since the 1990s. Qualitative interviews suggest many individuals transition from misusing prescription opioids to heroin. The epidemics are intertwined as the at-risk populations overlap and many initiate heroin use after developing dependency from prescription opioids. However, the heroin epidemic also involves a "heroin pull" from increased heroin availability and new forms of heroin being supplied. Ongoing challenges include addressing excessive opioid prescribing, improving surveillance of heroin products and use patterns, expanding treatment programs, and implementing harm reduction strategies.
This presentation describes the forces behind the opioid pill to heroin to fentanyl "Triple Wave" epidemic. Policy issues and harm reduction measures needed to address this unprecedented crisis are discussed
National Drug Early Warning (NDEWS) webinar: A more dangerous heroin: Emergin...Dan Ciccarone
This presentation, to an international web audience, was presented alongside one by Dr Wilson Compton, Deputy Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Sponsored by NDEWS, it explores the structural reasons for the emerging heroin overdose epidemic and ways to address it.
The origins of the current heroin crisis in America can be traced back to the overprescription of opioid painkillers in recent decades. As opioid prescriptions and sales increased aggressively starting in the late 1990s, so too did rates of opioid addiction, overdose deaths, and users transitioning from prescription opioids to heroin. While heroin use has been an issue in the past as well, linked to wars and social movements, the current crisis is uniquely tied to changes in opioid prescribing practices that flooded the country with highly addictive pain pills and helped reintroduce heroin as a cheaper alternative to prescription opioids.
Medication Abuse Handouts by Rand L. KannenbergRand Kannenberg
This document provides an outline for a seminar on medication abuse and dependence. It begins with statistics on non-medical prescription drug use in the US. The presenter is introduced as an addiction counselor and consultant. The program description states the objectives are to recognize commonly abused medications, identify drug-seeking patients, learn assessment and screening tools, and strategies for goal setting and relapse prevention. The agenda covers social implications and clinical strategies. Schedules of controlled substances and examples of commonly abused drug classes are outlined.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jeff Kallal of the DEA on prescription drug abuse and diversion. It discusses how prescription drug abuse has led to a national crisis and opioid epidemic, with many users transitioning to heroin due to lower costs. It outlines trends seen across various states and provides data on prescription drug-related deaths in Nevada and Clark County specifically. The presentation covers commonly abused prescription opioids and depressants, as well as methods of diversion such as doctor shopping, pharmacy theft, and internet sales.
Understanding Changes in the US 'Heroin" MarketDan Ciccarone
1. The document discusses changes in the US heroin market and the opioid epidemic. Rapid changes in heroin supply and increases in fentanyl adulteration have led to unpredictability in potency and a surge in overdoses.
2. Users report variability in the appearance, effects, and desirability of substances sold as "heroin" which are often cut with fentanyl without their knowledge. Discernment of substance type is difficult.
3. The crisis is devastating communities and requires improved surveillance, evidence-based treatment expansion, and harm reduction strategies to help bridge people to treatment and save lives.
A More Dangerous Heroin: Presented at Grand Rounds, Dept of Psychiatry, Rush ...Dan Ciccarone
This document summarizes a presentation on the changing heroin epidemic in the United States. It discusses rising overdose deaths, particularly from fentanyl-laced heroin. Interviews with heroin users find they face a unpredictable drug supply with wide variations in potency and effects. As the heroin market transitions, users must adopt new harm reduction strategies to navigate an increasingly dangerous situation.
National Academies of Science and Medicine: Intertwined Epidemics: Opioid and...Dan Ciccarone
This document summarizes research on the intertwined opioid and heroin epidemics in the United States. It discusses trends showing rising overdose rates for both opioids and heroin since the 1990s. Qualitative interviews suggest many individuals transition from misusing prescription opioids to heroin. The epidemics are intertwined as the at-risk populations overlap and many initiate heroin use after developing dependency from prescription opioids. However, the heroin epidemic also involves a "heroin pull" from increased heroin availability and new forms of heroin being supplied. Ongoing challenges include addressing excessive opioid prescribing, improving surveillance of heroin products and use patterns, expanding treatment programs, and implementing harm reduction strategies.
This presentation describes the forces behind the opioid pill to heroin to fentanyl "Triple Wave" epidemic. Policy issues and harm reduction measures needed to address this unprecedented crisis are discussed
National Drug Early Warning (NDEWS) webinar: A more dangerous heroin: Emergin...Dan Ciccarone
This presentation, to an international web audience, was presented alongside one by Dr Wilson Compton, Deputy Director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Sponsored by NDEWS, it explores the structural reasons for the emerging heroin overdose epidemic and ways to address it.
The origins of the current heroin crisis in America can be traced back to the overprescription of opioid painkillers in recent decades. As opioid prescriptions and sales increased aggressively starting in the late 1990s, so too did rates of opioid addiction, overdose deaths, and users transitioning from prescription opioids to heroin. While heroin use has been an issue in the past as well, linked to wars and social movements, the current crisis is uniquely tied to changes in opioid prescribing practices that flooded the country with highly addictive pain pills and helped reintroduce heroin as a cheaper alternative to prescription opioids.
Medication Abuse Handouts by Rand L. KannenbergRand Kannenberg
This document provides an outline for a seminar on medication abuse and dependence. It begins with statistics on non-medical prescription drug use in the US. The presenter is introduced as an addiction counselor and consultant. The program description states the objectives are to recognize commonly abused medications, identify drug-seeking patients, learn assessment and screening tools, and strategies for goal setting and relapse prevention. The agenda covers social implications and clinical strategies. Schedules of controlled substances and examples of commonly abused drug classes are outlined.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Jeff Kallal of the DEA on prescription drug abuse and diversion. It discusses how prescription drug abuse has led to a national crisis and opioid epidemic, with many users transitioning to heroin due to lower costs. It outlines trends seen across various states and provides data on prescription drug-related deaths in Nevada and Clark County specifically. The presentation covers commonly abused prescription opioids and depressants, as well as methods of diversion such as doctor shopping, pharmacy theft, and internet sales.
Web only rx16 len wed_1230_1_daugherty_2baier-haasOPUNITE
This document summarizes a presentation on investigating and prosecuting drug-related homicides. It discusses signs that can indicate an overdose death, such as the presence of drugs, track marks, and foam coming from the mouth. It emphasizes treating the death scene like a homicide scene by thoroughly photographing and collecting all potential evidence. This includes searching for drug packaging, needles, phones and surveillance footage. The document also outlines interviewing witnesses to build a timeline and identify the victim's source of drugs. It suggests attempting a controlled buy from suspects to obtain contemporaneous drug samples and strengthen cases.
The key points from the document are:
1) Powdered cocaine availability remains high or moderate to high in most Ohio regions, though it may be decreasing in availability in Cincinnati. The quality of powdered cocaine is reported to be decreasing across most regions.
2) Cocaine is most often used by snorting or injecting. Those new to drug use or part-time users are more likely to snort it, while injecting is increasing in some areas.
3) Typical cocaine users are described as higher socioeconomic status, white, employed professionals. However, some regions note college students and members of the Hispanic community as typical users as well.
Prescription drug abuse is a rapidly growing epidemic in America. There are three main types of prescription drugs commonly abused - narcotic painkillers, sedatives and tranquilizers, and stimulants. Prescription drug abuse is on the rise due to the overwhelming availability of these drugs as more people need medication, and the misconception that prescription drugs are safe since they are prescribed. Prescription drug abuse costs society billions of dollars and has serious health risks for individuals, including death when mixed with alcohol or other drugs.
Yes, they do want Big Pharma involved, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/why-do-republican-lawmakers-want-president-biden-to-reclassify-cannabis-instead-of-removing-fro
Two in custody deaths have families questioning new policyJordan Langford
Two recent in-custody deaths in the Marion County Jail in Indianapolis are raising questions about a new cost-cutting policy implemented by the Sheriff. Mary Harris and Kenneth Flannery died within nine days of each other after being arrested and detained, with both deaths related to alcohol. Harris' family wonders why she did not receive closer observation or medical care after suffering alcohol withdrawal seizures. Flannery's family questions whether his obesity and being restrained may have contributed to his death from positional asphyxiation and intoxication. The Sheriff had instituted a policy of sending fewer intoxicated or injured inmates to the hospital to save on medical costs, but maintains this was not related to the deaths. Experts say withdrawing alcoholics
Prescription drug abuse, especially of opioids, is a major problem in the United States, with millions of Americans misusing controlled prescription drugs each year. The misuse of pharmaceuticals has increased significantly while the abuse of illicit drugs has remained steady. While prescription drugs serve important medical purposes, widespread non-medical use has led to a rise in emergency room visits, overdose deaths, and admissions for treatment of prescription drug abuse. Coordinated efforts are needed across healthcare, law enforcement, and community levels to address this epidemic.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Joseph T. Rannazzisi on prescription drug investigations in the 21st century. The presentation examined reasons for increasing rates of prescription drug diversion and abuse, evaluated effective investigation strategies, and described opportunities for law enforcement collaboration with regulatory agencies. Key points included:
- Prescription drug abuse is the fastest growing drug problem in the US, with overdose deaths exceeding other drug types.
- Nonmedical use of prescription psychotherapeutics has risen among all age groups from 2003-2011 according to national surveys.
- West Virginia, New Mexico, and Kentucky have the highest rates of prescription painkiller overdose deaths.
The document discusses the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign run by the Office of National Drug Control Policy from 1998-2006. It provides the following key details:
- A 2002 study found that teenagers exposed to anti-drug ads were no less likely to use drugs and some girls reported being more likely to try drugs.
- A 2005 study found the $1.4 billion campaign aimed at discouraging marijuana use did not work and was associated with weaker anti-drug attitudes and perceptions that others used marijuana.
- Exposure to the ads was associated with increased marijuana use and decreased anti-drug attitudes and norms, showing a "boomerang effect" where the ads increased marijuana use.
The document discusses the prescription drug abuse epidemic in the United States. It provides statistics showing the rise in overdose deaths from prescription painkillers between 1999 and 2008. Certain groups are more at risk of abusing or overdosing on these drugs. "Pill mills" dispensing prescription drugs with little oversight have flourished in Florida, fueling abuse in other states. Efforts are underway to address this crisis and crack down on pill mills.
International day against drug abuse and illicit traffickingFire Wallet
The document discusses the United Nations' International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, which aims to raise awareness of the major problem that illicit drugs pose to society. It notes that drug trafficking has transformed from a social and criminal problem into a major threat to health and security, exacerbating issues like addiction, money laundering, and political instability in West Africa. The document also provides statistics on global illicit drug use and lists efforts by the UN and other countries to promote awareness of the dangers of illicit drug use through various campaigns and events.
This document discusses the rise of new drug addictions, particularly "bath salts" which contain synthetic stimulants like mephedrone and MDPV. It provides context on historical psychoactive substances. It describes the medical effects and risks of bath salts, issues surrounding their diagnosis and treatment, and the implications for public health. It also discusses the perception of other drugs like cocaine, MDMA, and prescription opioids over time. The summary calls for more effective treatment for addiction while recognizing societal factors that enable new dangerous substances to proliferate.
3. National substance abuse treatment trends in the US show that in 2002, 3.5 million people received treatment, mostly for alcohol (54%) or drugs (46%). The majority of those in treatment were male (70%) and white (50%). Marijuana (38%), heroin (25.5%), and cocaine (19.1%) were the primary drugs treated.
2. Current drug use trends in the US from 2002 data show widespread use of marijuana (14.6 million users), hallucinogens like Ecstasy (1.2 million users), cocaine (2 million users), and non-medical use of prescription drugs like pain relievers (4.4 million users). Alcohol remains the most widely
The document discusses factors that can lead to transition from misuse of prescription opioid analgesics to heroin initiation. Through qualitative interviews with 31 individuals in New York City, four key factors were identified: 1) Use of high dose opioid analgesics; 2) Intranasal route of administration; 3) Development of physical opioid dependence; and 4) Dissolution of stigma regarding heroin in social networks. The trajectory toward heroin use was found to be similar regardless of whether opioid analgesic initiation was recreational or medical in nature.
7 Famous Myths About CBD oil And Marijuana - HemproveHemprove
Hemprove is a health care company in Canada. Here, hemprove shows some great and famous myths about CBD OIL and Marijuana, which are most famous right now among people.
This document summarizes information about medical cannabis in Illinois. It discusses the high rates of chronic pain and opioid overdoses in the US. It then covers the history, chemistry, and forms of cannabis, as well as its potential medical benefits for conditions like chronic pain. The document outlines the process for obtaining a medical cannabis card in Illinois. It also notes that we have an endogenous cannabinoid system in our bodies. Resources for further information are provided.
This document provides an overview of the history and use of narcotics such as opium, morphine, and heroin. It discusses how opium was used medically and recreationally over centuries and led to increased addiction rates. The rise of heroin in the late 19th century and efforts to regulate narcotics through laws and policies are described. The physical, psychological, and social effects of narcotic use and addiction are summarized. Methods of treatment for narcotic addiction including withdrawal, drug therapies, and support groups are also outlined.
The purpose of the Idaho’s Response to the Opioid Crisis (IROC) sub-grant is to promote the national best practice of connecting individuals seeking recovery from addiction with Recovery Coaches who assist them during the beginning stages of recovery and throughout their journey.
#IROC #HopeandRecovery #RecoveryIdaho
This research paper focuses on prescription opioids and its effects on the African American community. The author discusses the background, best treatment intervention, and ethical considerations associated with prescription opioids and their use within the African American population.
Dr. Andrew Kolodny: "Reporting on America’s Opioid Drug Crisis" 4.11.17reportingonhealth
Dr. Andrew Kolodny's slides from the Center for Health Journalism webinar, "Reporting on America’s Opioid Drug Crisis," 4.11.17
More info: http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/content/after-obamacare-future-us-health-care
The document discusses classification of drugs of abuse. It states that in 2004 there were an estimated 6.7 million drug users in the Philippines, but by 2008 this had declined to 1.7 million users according to a government survey. Drugs are classified into several types including gateway drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and inhalants. Each type is described along with examples. The document also discusses drugs used by indigenous people and asks process questions about drug abuse prevention.
This document discusses drugs as chemical commodities that are bought and sold globally. It outlines the major producing and trafficking countries for different illegal drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. While some drugs are legal, most that are trafficked internationally for profit are illegal. The drug trade is a highly lucrative but decentralized illegal business involving producers, traffickers, and local dealers. Reducing drug demand is key to better regulating the large illegal market.
Web only rx16 len wed_1230_1_daugherty_2baier-haasOPUNITE
This document summarizes a presentation on investigating and prosecuting drug-related homicides. It discusses signs that can indicate an overdose death, such as the presence of drugs, track marks, and foam coming from the mouth. It emphasizes treating the death scene like a homicide scene by thoroughly photographing and collecting all potential evidence. This includes searching for drug packaging, needles, phones and surveillance footage. The document also outlines interviewing witnesses to build a timeline and identify the victim's source of drugs. It suggests attempting a controlled buy from suspects to obtain contemporaneous drug samples and strengthen cases.
The key points from the document are:
1) Powdered cocaine availability remains high or moderate to high in most Ohio regions, though it may be decreasing in availability in Cincinnati. The quality of powdered cocaine is reported to be decreasing across most regions.
2) Cocaine is most often used by snorting or injecting. Those new to drug use or part-time users are more likely to snort it, while injecting is increasing in some areas.
3) Typical cocaine users are described as higher socioeconomic status, white, employed professionals. However, some regions note college students and members of the Hispanic community as typical users as well.
Prescription drug abuse is a rapidly growing epidemic in America. There are three main types of prescription drugs commonly abused - narcotic painkillers, sedatives and tranquilizers, and stimulants. Prescription drug abuse is on the rise due to the overwhelming availability of these drugs as more people need medication, and the misconception that prescription drugs are safe since they are prescribed. Prescription drug abuse costs society billions of dollars and has serious health risks for individuals, including death when mixed with alcohol or other drugs.
Yes, they do want Big Pharma involved, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/why-do-republican-lawmakers-want-president-biden-to-reclassify-cannabis-instead-of-removing-fro
Two in custody deaths have families questioning new policyJordan Langford
Two recent in-custody deaths in the Marion County Jail in Indianapolis are raising questions about a new cost-cutting policy implemented by the Sheriff. Mary Harris and Kenneth Flannery died within nine days of each other after being arrested and detained, with both deaths related to alcohol. Harris' family wonders why she did not receive closer observation or medical care after suffering alcohol withdrawal seizures. Flannery's family questions whether his obesity and being restrained may have contributed to his death from positional asphyxiation and intoxication. The Sheriff had instituted a policy of sending fewer intoxicated or injured inmates to the hospital to save on medical costs, but maintains this was not related to the deaths. Experts say withdrawing alcoholics
Prescription drug abuse, especially of opioids, is a major problem in the United States, with millions of Americans misusing controlled prescription drugs each year. The misuse of pharmaceuticals has increased significantly while the abuse of illicit drugs has remained steady. While prescription drugs serve important medical purposes, widespread non-medical use has led to a rise in emergency room visits, overdose deaths, and admissions for treatment of prescription drug abuse. Coordinated efforts are needed across healthcare, law enforcement, and community levels to address this epidemic.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Joseph T. Rannazzisi on prescription drug investigations in the 21st century. The presentation examined reasons for increasing rates of prescription drug diversion and abuse, evaluated effective investigation strategies, and described opportunities for law enforcement collaboration with regulatory agencies. Key points included:
- Prescription drug abuse is the fastest growing drug problem in the US, with overdose deaths exceeding other drug types.
- Nonmedical use of prescription psychotherapeutics has risen among all age groups from 2003-2011 according to national surveys.
- West Virginia, New Mexico, and Kentucky have the highest rates of prescription painkiller overdose deaths.
The document discusses the National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign run by the Office of National Drug Control Policy from 1998-2006. It provides the following key details:
- A 2002 study found that teenagers exposed to anti-drug ads were no less likely to use drugs and some girls reported being more likely to try drugs.
- A 2005 study found the $1.4 billion campaign aimed at discouraging marijuana use did not work and was associated with weaker anti-drug attitudes and perceptions that others used marijuana.
- Exposure to the ads was associated with increased marijuana use and decreased anti-drug attitudes and norms, showing a "boomerang effect" where the ads increased marijuana use.
The document discusses the prescription drug abuse epidemic in the United States. It provides statistics showing the rise in overdose deaths from prescription painkillers between 1999 and 2008. Certain groups are more at risk of abusing or overdosing on these drugs. "Pill mills" dispensing prescription drugs with little oversight have flourished in Florida, fueling abuse in other states. Efforts are underway to address this crisis and crack down on pill mills.
International day against drug abuse and illicit traffickingFire Wallet
The document discusses the United Nations' International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, which aims to raise awareness of the major problem that illicit drugs pose to society. It notes that drug trafficking has transformed from a social and criminal problem into a major threat to health and security, exacerbating issues like addiction, money laundering, and political instability in West Africa. The document also provides statistics on global illicit drug use and lists efforts by the UN and other countries to promote awareness of the dangers of illicit drug use through various campaigns and events.
This document discusses the rise of new drug addictions, particularly "bath salts" which contain synthetic stimulants like mephedrone and MDPV. It provides context on historical psychoactive substances. It describes the medical effects and risks of bath salts, issues surrounding their diagnosis and treatment, and the implications for public health. It also discusses the perception of other drugs like cocaine, MDMA, and prescription opioids over time. The summary calls for more effective treatment for addiction while recognizing societal factors that enable new dangerous substances to proliferate.
3. National substance abuse treatment trends in the US show that in 2002, 3.5 million people received treatment, mostly for alcohol (54%) or drugs (46%). The majority of those in treatment were male (70%) and white (50%). Marijuana (38%), heroin (25.5%), and cocaine (19.1%) were the primary drugs treated.
2. Current drug use trends in the US from 2002 data show widespread use of marijuana (14.6 million users), hallucinogens like Ecstasy (1.2 million users), cocaine (2 million users), and non-medical use of prescription drugs like pain relievers (4.4 million users). Alcohol remains the most widely
The document discusses factors that can lead to transition from misuse of prescription opioid analgesics to heroin initiation. Through qualitative interviews with 31 individuals in New York City, four key factors were identified: 1) Use of high dose opioid analgesics; 2) Intranasal route of administration; 3) Development of physical opioid dependence; and 4) Dissolution of stigma regarding heroin in social networks. The trajectory toward heroin use was found to be similar regardless of whether opioid analgesic initiation was recreational or medical in nature.
7 Famous Myths About CBD oil And Marijuana - HemproveHemprove
Hemprove is a health care company in Canada. Here, hemprove shows some great and famous myths about CBD OIL and Marijuana, which are most famous right now among people.
This document summarizes information about medical cannabis in Illinois. It discusses the high rates of chronic pain and opioid overdoses in the US. It then covers the history, chemistry, and forms of cannabis, as well as its potential medical benefits for conditions like chronic pain. The document outlines the process for obtaining a medical cannabis card in Illinois. It also notes that we have an endogenous cannabinoid system in our bodies. Resources for further information are provided.
This document provides an overview of the history and use of narcotics such as opium, morphine, and heroin. It discusses how opium was used medically and recreationally over centuries and led to increased addiction rates. The rise of heroin in the late 19th century and efforts to regulate narcotics through laws and policies are described. The physical, psychological, and social effects of narcotic use and addiction are summarized. Methods of treatment for narcotic addiction including withdrawal, drug therapies, and support groups are also outlined.
The purpose of the Idaho’s Response to the Opioid Crisis (IROC) sub-grant is to promote the national best practice of connecting individuals seeking recovery from addiction with Recovery Coaches who assist them during the beginning stages of recovery and throughout their journey.
#IROC #HopeandRecovery #RecoveryIdaho
This research paper focuses on prescription opioids and its effects on the African American community. The author discusses the background, best treatment intervention, and ethical considerations associated with prescription opioids and their use within the African American population.
Dr. Andrew Kolodny: "Reporting on America’s Opioid Drug Crisis" 4.11.17reportingonhealth
Dr. Andrew Kolodny's slides from the Center for Health Journalism webinar, "Reporting on America’s Opioid Drug Crisis," 4.11.17
More info: http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/content/after-obamacare-future-us-health-care
The document discusses classification of drugs of abuse. It states that in 2004 there were an estimated 6.7 million drug users in the Philippines, but by 2008 this had declined to 1.7 million users according to a government survey. Drugs are classified into several types including gateway drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens, and inhalants. Each type is described along with examples. The document also discusses drugs used by indigenous people and asks process questions about drug abuse prevention.
This document discusses drugs as chemical commodities that are bought and sold globally. It outlines the major producing and trafficking countries for different illegal drugs like marijuana, cocaine, and heroin. While some drugs are legal, most that are trafficked internationally for profit are illegal. The drug trade is a highly lucrative but decentralized illegal business involving producers, traffickers, and local dealers. Reducing drug demand is key to better regulating the large illegal market.
The document discusses the Heroin and Prescription Opioid Abuse Prevention, Education, and Enforcement Act of 2015. It summarizes that heroin use has increased dramatically in the U.S. and Chicago suburbs in recent years. The Act aims to address this by creating an inter-agency task force to develop best practices for pain management and opioid prescription to reduce abuse and heroin use. It also seeks to increase education on risks and fund programs providing naloxone to reverse overdoses. However, the bill stalled in Congress. The summary advocates for reintroducing the bill to address the growing public health crisis of opioid abuse and overdoses.
OPIOIDSWHAT ARE OPIOIDS• Psychoactive substances.docxLacieKlineeb
OPIOIDS
WHAT ARE
OPIOIDS
• Psychoactive substances
derived from the poppy plant,
or their synthetic analogues
• Derived from the resin that
comes from the seed pod of
the plant
• Used in medications to treat
pain
EXAMPLES OF OPIOIDS
• Prescription Opioids
• Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Codeine
• Morphine
• Illicit Opioids
• Heroin
• Synthetic
• Fentanyl
• Carfentanil
ALIASES, FORMS, AND METHODS OF
ABUSE
• Street Names: Big H, Black Tar, Brown Sugar, Dover's Powder, Hillbilly Heroin,
Horse, Junk, Lean or Purple Drank, MPTP (New Heroin), Mud, OC, Ox, Oxy,
Oxycotton, Paregoric, Sippin Syrup, Smack
• Forms: Tablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from
white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection,
syrups, suppositories, and lollipops
• Methods of abuse: Can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected.
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Prescribed to treat pain, suppress cough, cure diarrhea, and put people to sleep
• Effect on body
• Depends heavily on the dose, how it’s taken, and previous exposure to the drug
• Negative effects include: slowed physical activity, constriction of the pupils, flushing of
the face and neck, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and slowed breathing
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Effect on mind - Produces a general sense of well-being
• Reduces tension, anxiety, and aggression
• Unwanted effects: Drowsiness, inability to concentrate, and apathy
• Can create dependence
• Long after the physical need for the drug has passed, a person may continue to
think and talk about using drugs and feel overwhelmed coping with daily activities
OPIOID EFFECTS
• As the dose increases, both pain relief and the harmful effects become more
pronounced
• Physical dependence is a consequence of chronic opioid use, and withdrawal takes
place when drug use is discontinued
• Early withdrawal symptoms: watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, and sweating
• As withdrawal worsens, symptoms can include: restlessness, irritability, loss of
appetite, nausea, tremors, drug craving, severe depression, vomiting, increased heart
rate and blood pressure, and chills alternating with flushing and excessive sweating
• Most withdrawal physical symptoms disappear within days or weeks, depending on
the particular drug
OPIOID EFFECTS
• Overdose effects – Can be fatal
• Respiratory failure – lack of sufficient oxygen in the blood
• Vital organs like the heart and brain start to fail
• Leads to unconsciousness, coma, death
• Physical signs of opioid overdose include: Constricted (pinpoint) pupils, cold
clammy skin, confusion, convulsions, extreme drowsiness, and slowed breathing
U.S. EPIDEMIC
• In the U.S., 5,480 people initiate nonmedical use of prescription opioids on a daily basis
• Amounts to 2 million persons/year
• Reasons for increase in misuse/abuse
• Ease of access
• Prescriptions for these medications have increased dramat.
This document provides a summary of a presentation on the risks of medical marijuana and marijuana legalization. It begins with disclosures from the presenters and outlines six learning objectives. It then discusses concerns that marijuana is addictive, especially for those who start using it early, and impacts adolescent brain development. The document notes the lack of evidence that marijuana is effective for the conditions it is claimed to treat. It also discusses the risks of increased diversion of marijuana to youth and greater social acceptance of marijuana use negatively impacting public health. The document concludes with messages on how to discuss these issues with the public.
This presentation discusses the history and effects of drug use and addiction. It begins by defining drugs and their medical uses. It then discusses how drug use has occurred among humans and animals for thousands of years. The presentation covers the causes and negative effects of drug abuse and addiction, including health issues, social problems, and criminal behavior. It also provides details on the production of major drugs like opium and organizations working to address addiction worldwide and in Pakistan.
This document provides an overview of a conference on chronic pain and addiction that will take place from April 10-12, 2012 at Walt Disney World Swan Resort. The conference will focus on prescription drug abuse in the US, the effects of prescription pain medication abuse over time, and advocating for continued education on addiction for pain management providers. Key statistics on prescription drug abuse in the US are presented, including that opioid analgesics are now the leading cause of accidental drug overdose deaths. Abuse of prescription drugs is rising among both adolescents and older adults.
The document discusses Philippine laws and policies related to drug education, drug abuse, and drug trafficking. It provides information on the seven categories of drugs, drug addiction, and the key provisions of the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA 9165). The act established the Dangerous Drugs Board as the national policymaking body on drug issues. It outlines serious criminal penalties for drug crimes like sale/trafficking of drugs, maintaining a drug den, and possession of large drug quantities, with higher penalties for activities near schools or involving vulnerable individuals.
Telehealth Failures & Secrets to Success Conference 2017 by VSee
Speaker: Lisa Benya
Founder & Board Certified Physician of CURE
More info here: vsee.com/conference
Similar to Triple Wave Epidemic: Opioids, Heroin and Fentanyl (20)
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
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Triple Wave Epidemic: Opioids, Heroin and Fentanyl
1. Dan Ciccarone, MD, MPH
Professor, Family and Community
Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
The Triple Wave Epidemic: Opioids,
Heroin and Fentanyl
3. OBJECTIVES
• National data on opioid and heroin overdose
Epidemiological trends
• Regional and demographic differences
• California data
• How supply matters
• Opioid, heroin and fentanyl supplies
• Stories from the field
• How to address the crisis
4. HEROIN IN TRANSITION (“HIT”) STUDY
• NIH: National Institute of Drug Abuse
• DA037820
• Multi-methodological study: quantitative and qualitative aims
• Supply changes – adulteration – overdose
• New drug forms and user perceptions, adaptation, etc.
PUBLICALLY AVAILABLE DATA:
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for
Health Statistics
• US Drug Enforcement Administration: National Drug Threat
Assessment 2016; National Heroin Threat Assessment, 2015
5. Leading Causes
of Death
• Age-adjusted death
rates for the 10
leading causes of
death in 2016
NCHS Data Brief No. 293 December 2017. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Health Statistics
Mortality in the United States, 2016
6. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Motor Vehicle -Traffic Drug Poisoning
Unintentional
Injury 1999-2012
• Age-adjusted death
rates per 100,000 pop.
Produced by: National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDC
Data Source: NCHS Vital Statistics System for numbers of deaths. Bureau of Census for population
estimates. Accessed: 11.5.14
7. An Epidemic of
Crisis Proportion
Numbers of deaths:
• Drug overdose >
• Motor vehicle >
• Gun homicide >
• HIV
Source: New York Times, The Upshot; Josh Katz; April 14, 2017. Data from: Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics
8. THE DEADLY TRIPLE WAVE
Source: Julia Lurie, Mother Jones, 9.6.2017
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2017/09/the-latest-jaw-dropping-numbers-from-the-opioid-crisis/
9. A BRIEF HISTORY OF OPIOID
“EPIDEMICS”
• Epidemic
• Morphine & heroin 1880-
1900’s
• Heroin (wave 2, illicit, 1920 ‘s)
• Heroin (Jazz era)
• Heroin (Vietnam era)
• Heroin (Colombian-sourced,
1990’s)
• Opioid pills (2000’s)
• Heroin (late 2000’s)
• Synthetics eg fentanyl (2013)
• Trigger
• Novel drug/ Iatrogenic source/
technological
• Harrison Act (restriction)? > illicit
• Cultural?
• New source & cultural
• New source
• Iatrogenic source/ novel form/
technological (ERLA)
• New source-form /restriction
• New source/ novel forms
THE TRIPLE WAVE:
OPIOIDS > HEROIN > FENTANYL
10. WAVE ONE: TRIPLING OF OPIOID
PRESCRIPTIONS
IMS Health, Vector One®: National, 1991-2011
IMS Health, National Prescription Audit, 2012-2013
Thanks: Wilson Compton, Deputy Director, NIDA
14. Google trends: interest
in OxyContin vs heroin
vs _________
• US
• Health category
• Jan. 2006 to Nov.
2014
Data Source: Google Trends (www.google.com/trends)
Search: D Ciccarone, 11.3.14
Analysis: J Unick
19. • Rising numbers of
heroin users
• Transitioning from
opioid pills
• Heroin becoming more
dangerous:
• New forms
• Adulteration
FUELING HEROIN-RELATED
OVERDOSE
Photo: D. Ciccarone
20. US heroin seizures are up
~ 140%, 2010-15
CHANGES IN THE HEROIN SUPPLY
Source: National Seizure System. Reported in the 2016 National Heroin Threat
Assessment Summary; DOJ, DEA, 2016
21. HEROIN SOURCES OVER TIME
Source: Heroin Signature Program. Reported in the 2015 National Drug
Threat Assessment Summary; DOJ, DEA, 2015
• Four sources down to
two
• Colombian dominant
to 2010
• Now Mexican
dominant: 78% in
2014
22. MEXICAN-SOURCED HEROIN: CHANGES
• Mexican opium/heroin production has grown while
Colombian production is down 40%
• Explanations for rising HOD in Midwest (in addition to
fentanyl):
• A more purified product coming from Mexico
• “Mexican White:” Colombian mimic
Traditional Colombian-sourced-heroin retail places
Synthetic adulteration > heroin “inconclusive” origin
23. THIRD WAVE: FENTANYL LACED
HEROIN
• Integrated into heroin supply
• Sold as ‘heroin’
• 30-40x stronger than heroin by weight
• Clandestinely-produced fentanyl, not diverted
pharmaceutical fentanyl*
• Analogous: Levamistole as adulterant for
cocaine
*National Heroin Threat Assessment Summary, DEA, 2015
24. SYNTHETICS
• In addition to fentanyl there are reports of:
Fentanyl analogues:
• Acetyl fentanyl
• Butyryl fentanyl
• Furanyl-fentanyl
• Parafluoro-fentanyl
• Carfentanil
Novel synthetics:
• U47700
• Others…
Photo: D. Ciccarone
26. CDC: 27 states
• Increases in
synthetic opioid
overdose deaths
• Concentrated in
7 states
Gladden RM, Martinez P, Seth P. Fentanyl Law Enforcement Submissions and Increases in Synthetic
Opioid–Involved Overdose Deaths — 27 States, 2013–2014. MMWR
29. Sarah Mars
Family and Community Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Jeff Ondocsin
Ethnographer and Analyst
HEROIN IN TRANSITION:
THE EXPERIENCES OF
HEROIN INJECTORS
30. STUDY AIMS
“Hotspot study” where our team of researchers goes to visit
areas in the country where significant changes in the heroin
supply or overdoses have been reported
Baltimore, MD; Lawrence and Lowell, MA; Chicago, IL;
Charleston, West Virginia
Our aim is to understand the experiences and beliefs of the
users themselves and to observe first hand the heroin
currently being used
32. 1. DEVASTATION: ‘LIKE A ‘COMBAT
STATE’
Now the dope is fentanyl and it’s killing people left and
right. I have over the years, I’ve watched friends [die]—
but on average, it was three a year. Now the last 3 years
it’s been an average of 20 [per year]. I feel like I’m back
in a combat state and I feel like I’m fighting for my life
right now.
Jerry, Lowell, aged 46, using on and off for the
last 20 years
33.
34. 2. CHANGES IN ‘HEROIN’
Users reported and our ethnographers observed wide
variations in the appearance of and effects due to
substances sold as ‘heroin’
Supply not demand driven changes:
– Users surprised and dismayed
– Range of desirability
– No cultural idioms
– Dealers even surprised
35. We’re supposedly buying dope that doesn’t have any
fentanyl in it, but when I started showing up dirty with
heroin, I started showing up dirty with fentanyl… When
we cut the dope, we don’t use fentanyl. The problem
was that we were buying the dope already dirty with
that and we didn’t know it.
Hector, aged 42, using heroin for 26 years
Lawrence, MA
36.
37.
38. 3. VARIATION AND
UNPREDICTABILITY
Heroin varied by:
- Color: powder and solution
- Intensity of onset or ‘rush’
- Intensity of effect
- Duration of effect (from 45 minutes to 12 hours)
- Types of effect eg sleepy or stimulating
42. 4. DESIRABILITY
The high is wonderful. It’s splendidly wonderful. It’s
magnified heroin feeling by a great number.
Tim, aged 45, using heroin for 25 years, Baltimore
I know a couple of people have done died from that, with
fentanyl, yeah. […] And I have a lot of associates that are
letting me know, “Don’t go to that place because they
selling fentanyl”.
Montana, 39 year old woman using for 21 years,
Baltimore
43.
44. SUMMARY
• Triple wave epidemic is devastating
• Regional (but expanding)
• Youth
• Crisis is driven by strong forces:
• Supply:
• Prescriptions
• New form of heroin
• Fentanyl adulteration
• Demand driven:
• Heroin demand driven by opioid dependency
• Youth
45. More bad news:
• Overdose increasing y-o-y
• Dependency increasing
• Youth
• HIV / HCV
• Scott County, IN
• Lowell & Lawrence, MA
Some good news:
• May be reaching the peak
• Fed, state and local efforts
• Conversation is changing
ON THE HORIZON
46. CRISIS RESPONSE
• Triple wave epidemic is unprecedented
• Worst in decades, perhaps a century
• Momentum
• Root causes not addressed
• Lack of coordinated robust response
• Stigma, shame
47. CRISIS RESPONSE
• Comprehensive solution is needed:
• Supply reduction
• Prescription
• Take-back programs
• Enforcement
• Demand reduction
• Expand evidence-based treatment
• Harm reduction…
• …saves lives, is cost-effective and can bridge
people into treatment
48.
49. CRISIS RESPONSE
• But be careful:
• Pendulum is swinging
• Avoid abandonment:
• Chronic pain patients
• Substance use disorder patients
• Find the middle path
50. CRISIS RESPONSE
• Outside the box:
• Community resilience
• Economic, social, spiritual “root causes”
• ACEs
• Better surveillance is needed
• Hint: fentanyl as poisoning epidemic
• Drug checking
51. CRISIS RESPONSE
• Stigma remains our biggest enemy
• Anti-stigma programs helped in the HIV crisis
• Public safety – Public health collaborations
• Innovations across the country
52. An Epidemic of
Crisis Proportion
• Crisis with Epic
Opportunity
• Treatment and
Prevention can
work!
Source: New York Times, The Upshot; Josh Katz; April 14, 2017
54. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Heroin in Transition study:
Jay Unick, Univ. of Maryland
HIT team: Sarah Mars, Jeff Ondocsin, Eliza Wheeler, Mary Howe, Fernando Castillo,
Philippe Bourgois, Dan Rosenblum
NIH/NIDA funding: R01DA037820
Chicago:
Dan Bigg, Chicago Recovery Alliance
Baltimore City Health Dept.
Mishka Terplan, Derrick Hunt, Jeffrey Long and NEP staff
Massachusetts:
Gary Langis, Harry Leno, Irving
West Virginia:
Mike Brumage, Tina Ramirez;
Staff and volunteers at Kanawha-Charleston Health Dept.
Jon E. Zibbell
Participants!
Photo credits: Dan Ciccarone, Fernando Castillo
56. When you add the water to it and pull it back it’s almost
like clear. Heroin’s dark and brown. It’s brown. …but the
fentanyl is like, like water kinda, like a little bit yellowish...
The regular heroin …it can be dark brown or light brown
but it’s never yellow like that.
Kristin, 19 years old, using heroin for 5 years,
Lowell, MA
57. 6. GENERATIONAL CHANGES
• 50 yo African American male, Englewood Chicago about violence
in Chicago and the increase in homicides:
• A: A lot of guys are older now, like me. I’m 50 years old. My
gang banging days have been over a long time ago. So you got a
lot of people with a lot of rank they’re going to jail and they ain’t
getting out no time soon.
• Q: So the youngsters take over?
• A: So the young, so yeah they’re trying to recruit younger guys
and these younger guys they’re recruiting they’re putting guns in
their hand and they just going buck wild. They’re not following the
rules or the laws of the gang that they’re in, they’re trying to
rewrite the laws and do what they want to do.
58. 7. TAKING PRECAUTIONS
Like when I get stuff I don’t know what it is I do a little bit
before I do something that I feel. Like I want to kind of
scale out how much I want to do. Because I don’t want to
die. But these people are just doing a gram shot and
just… my friend just died two days ago.
Liz, in her 20s, using heroin for 1.5 years
Lawrence, MA
61. SUMMARY
Devastation is rampant: individual, social, cultural
Changes in heroin: supply driven
Variation in potency, compounded by fentanyl: ‘Russian
roulette’
Mixed desirability for fentanyl
Some degree of discernment
A new generation needs risk reduction guidance
Some organic harm reduction > pay attention to this!
64. HEROIN OF UNKNOWN SOURCE
Source: Domestic Monitoring Program. Reported in the 2015 National Drug Threat
Assessment Summary; DOJ, DEA, 2015
65. • The novel entry of
Colombian-sourced
heroin increased HOD
rates; 1993-1999
• New increases in HOD:
• Regional!
• New form of Mexican-
sourced heroin
• (+)Fentanyl adulteration
• Wider distribution models
• Young users
SUMMARY: HEROIN IN TRANSITION