This document discusses the roles of toxin binders, acidifiers, and mold inhibitors in animal feed formulation. It describes the types and effects of various mycotoxins on large animals and poultry. It then explains how toxin binders work to prevent mycotoxins from entering the bloodstream by trapping them. The main types of toxin binders discussed are silicate products, inorganic polymers, organic polymers, and carbon products. It also discusses the roles of acidifiers in inhibiting mold and harmful bacteria while improving beneficial bacteria. Finally, it covers the roles of mold inhibitors in minimizing and preventing mold growth and contamination in feed.

1. Role of Toxin Binder, acidifier and
mold inhibitor in feed formulation.
Types of Toxin Binder.
Presentor:
Dr. Bimochan Poudel
NVC No. : 1188

2. A mycotoxin is a toxic secondary metabolite
produced by organisms of the fungus kingdom
and is capable of causing disease and death in
humans, animals and Poultry.

3. Types of
mycotoxins
Aflatoxins (produced by
Aspergillus) -
includes Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1,
G2, M1 and M2.
Ochratoxin -
includes Ochratoxin A, B, and
C.
Fumonisins -
includes
Fumonisin B1
and B2.
Zearalenone.
Trichothecene - includes
Satratoxin-H, Vomitoxin and
T-2 mycotoxins.

4. Effects of mycotoxins in large animals
Toxin Binders prevents all these complications in large animals if they are added in
feed.

5. Effects of mycotoxins in poultry
Toxin Binders prevents all these complications in poultry if they are
added in feed.

6. Prevention of Mycotoxins
A mycotoxin binder is a substance that is added to
animal feed in small quantities in order to trap
mycotoxins, preventing them from entering the blood
stream where they can cause serious harm to your
animals.

7. Types of toxin Binders
1) Silicate Products:
Phyllosilicates (silicate sheets): Clays [Montmorillonite, bentonite and Hydrated Sodium Calcium
Aluminosilicate (HSCAS)].
Tectosilicate (silicate frameworks): Zeolites and Clinoptilolite.
2) Inorganic polymers:Cholestyramine, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
3) Organic Polymers : Alfalfa fiber , Saccharomyces, strains of lactic acid bacteria, Esterified glucomannan
polymer
4) Carbon Products: Activated or superactivated charcoal

8. Silicate
binders
• Silicate mineral can bind
with aflatoxin by
chelating the β-dicarbonyl
in aflatoxin
Carbon
Products:
Activated or
superactivated
charcoal
Activated carbon is a general adsorptive
material with a large surface area and
excellent adsorptive capacity. It has been
recommended as a general toxin adsorbing
agent and is routinely recommended for
various digestive toxicities.

9. Organic polymers as binders
Esterified glucomannan
polymer bind with
aflatoxin, ochratoxin, and T-
2 toxin
strains of lactic acid bacteria, propionibacteria, and
bifidobacteria bind mycotoxins, including aflatoxin
and some Fusarium-produced mycotoxins.
Saccharomyces, live yeast reduce the
toxic effects of aflatoxin.
Alfalfa fiber reduces the
effects of zearalenone

10. A synthetic water-soluble
polymer, polyvinlypyrrolidone
(PVP), bind with aflatoxin and
zearalenone
Cholestyramine has proven
to adsorb zearalenone and
fumonisins.
Inorganic
Binders

11. Action of Toxin Binder

13. ACIDIFIERS
• Acidifiers are various organic acids having
antimicrobial and pH regulating activity in the
intestine.
Propionic acid Citric acid Phosphoric acid
Formic &
Lactic acid
Acidifires includes :

14. Action Of Organic Acids

15. Role of acidifier (organic acids )?
Inhibits mould
and harmful
bacterial growth
Improves growth
of beneficial
bacteria
Effective for
intestine
histomorphology
Effective in
absorption
Effective against
heat stress and
managemental
complications

16. Mold Inhibitors
Mold inhibitors are feed additives used
to minimize mold contamination and
prevent mold growth in grain or feed.
Propionic acid Citric acid Phosphoric acid
Formic &
Lactic acid
Mold inhibitors includes :

17. MOLD INHIBITORS
Effective degredation,
adbsorption of molds and its
metabolites
Optimize the intestinal
metabolism, improve
digestion , increase feed
intake
Improves the activity of
beneficial microbial flora
Stimulates the body’s
immune response ,
enhance immunity ,
reduce the incidence of
a disease
Improves animals &
Birds production as
well as reproductive
performance
Role of Mold inhibitors
However, even if mold growth has been prevented, mycotoxins may still
be present, because mold inhibitors have no effect on mycotoxins
already present in contaminated feed. ( We have to use toxin binders )

18. Thank you 