The document outlines an integrative framework developed by the LEG to help countries find coherence between their NDCs, NAPs, and SDGs. It discusses how the framework promotes a development-first approach by looking at how climate change impacts the SDGs. It then provides examples of how to identify and assess key systems, such as those related to food security, that contribute to achieving adaptation and SDG targets. The framework is meant to facilitate an integrated approach to managing systems in a way that achieves both adaptation and sustainable development goals.

1. How to find coherence between the SDGs and
the NAPs – an integrative framework by the LEG
LEG Regional Training Workshop on NAPs
13 to 16 June 2017
Manila, Philippines
LEG

2. NAP Technical Guidelines
Objectives of the process to formulate and implement NAPs:
1. To reduce vulnerability to the impacts of climate change, by building
adaptive capacity and resilience
2. To facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation, in a
coherent manner, into relevant new and existing policies, programmes
and activities, in particular development planning processes and
strategies, within all relevant sectors and at different levels, as
appropriate.
The NAP Guidelines promote a development-first approach, crystalized
by looking at SDGs, supplemented by other national level goals/targets,
and those from other frameworks e.g. Sendai
Decision 5/CP.17; NAP Guidelines
available on NAP Central at
unfccc.int/nap

4. 17 SDGs
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition and
Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being
for all at all ages
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality
education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all
Achieve gender equality and empower all
women and girls
Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable
economic growth, full and productive
employment and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and
sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe,
resilient and sustainable
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its
impacts*
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marine resources for sustainable development
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for
sustainable development, provide access to justice
for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all levels

5. The Sustainable Development Goals
 The SDGs represent a benchmark for national development
 The SDGs provide a complete/idealized representation of a national
development process/system
 They help define the boundaries for complete coverage of the
development process, and collectively define success/development.
 They help define a future, as might be defined through a visioning
exercise. That future is defined through essential functions of major
components of the national development process
 Climate change can be considered at a higher level to the other
SDGs, as it influences all the others, directly or indirectly

6. SDGs as a linked system of goals and targets
Source: David Le Blanc, "Towards integration at last? The SDGs as a Network of Targets“,
Rio+20 Working Paper 4

7. Introducing the SDGs …. National development ….
 The SDGs can be classified depending on their relationship with
climate change adaptation (NAPs) into:
 High-level/co-objectives (when compared to the global goal on
adaptation and the objectives of the NAPs)
 Specific targets/outcomes/constraints, easily quantifiable
 Guiding principles (more general targets that are hard to
quantify)
 Similar to ICSU work on interaction of the goals

10. Main conclusions: very obvious and yet largely ignored
Given this integrated nature or issues, we should say
goodbye to a silo/sectoral approach
There are specific targets associated with SDG 13 on
Climate change, plus newer “targets” based on the Paris
Agreement, and in terms of reporting, those need to be
addressed
However, Climate Change is an issue/driver/factor that
affects many of the SDGs directly and all others
indirectly

11. Consider SDGs that are sensitive to climate change showing targets affected

12. Integrative framework for NAP and SDGs: NAP-SDG iFrame
How to manage achievement of the SDGs in the face to climate change
 Climate change affects many of the SDGs directly, and for the others,
indirectly
 An approach has been developed and is being advanced through the NAP
workshops to assess and act on “systems/management units,”
 The approach makes it easy to manage the synergy between development
and adaptation goals, including documenting outcomes to support M&E of
SDGs and adaptation concurrently

13. NAP-SDG iFrame
The framework takes an integrated approach towards country-driven
and country-specific descriptions of systems that should be managed
to achieve adaptation and contribute towards achieving SDG targets
 Combination of SDGs and climate risk factors help in selection of
systems, e.g. for food security, the systems would include crop
production, distribution, affordability, strategic food reserves over time as
well as nutritional value;
 These component systems can be assessed for sensitivity to climate
change, taking into account interlinkages to other “sectors/SDGs”, and
adaptation actions can then be developed, prioritized and implemented;
 After implementation, outcomes would accrue adaptation benefits as well
as sustainable development benefits – both of which can be monitored
and documented in reporting

15. Workout this morning
Go through main steps of the integrative framework …
 Module 9: Framing adaptation in context of SDGs and Sendai, etc
… Group Exercise
 Module 10 and 11: Identifying systems for assessment … intro plus
Group Exercise then Managing multiple entry points to the
assessment .. Interactive session
 Module 12: Analysing climate change risks – scenarios ..
Presentation
 Module 13 and 14: Assessing climate change impacts, risk and
vulnerability …then identifying adaptation strategies and options …
introduction to a template based on CLICC plus Group Exercise
 Module 15: Analysing interactions and tradeoffs … presentation

16. Module 9 Exercise
 Module 9: Framing adaptation in context of SDGs and Sendai, etc
… Group Exercise

17. Framing adaptation in the context of national development targets, SDGs and
other frameworks
1. Use the handout on Sustainable Development Goas (SDGs) provided to
you
2. From among SDGs 1-16, select the SDGs that you think will be affected
by climate change (SDG 13)
3. For 3 of the selected SDGs, study the targets and categorize them into 3
classes: high-level; specific (quantifiable), and general (guiding
principles, aspirations)
4. Add additional specific targets from national and other development
strategies as necessary
5. Consider the list of SDGs that will be affected by climate change and
upon consideration of additional targets from Sendai and national
development priorities – this is the framing for adaptation
6. You can further group these into development themes e.g. Food security,
etc or the GCF result areas (see GCF logframe for adaptation)

18. Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG)
LEG regional training workshop on national adaptation plans (NAPs) for Asia
13 to 16 June 2017
Manila, Philippines
Identifying systems for assessment: a demo using
Food Security

19. Case example: Systems for Canada’s food production (1/3)
A summary of potential climate change
effects on food production in Canada
Campbell, I.D., Durant D.G., Hunter, K.L. and Hyatt, K.D. (2014): Food Production; in Canada
in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation, (ed.) F.J. Warren and
D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 99-134.
1) Crop productivity depends strongly
and directly on seasonal weather for
heat, light and water. Locations for
particular crops will also change.
2) Pollinators would face shorter, less
harsh winters but may be affected by
increased pest and disease activity,
different food sources and changes in
the timing of flowering.
3) Animal production will be affected by
changes in crop production, water
availability and heating and cooling
requirements.
4) Changes in water supply and
precipitation patterns will affect farm
operations (e.g. need for drainage or
irrigation). Water quality will also be
affected (e.g. increased flushing of
contaminants into waterways due to
heavy rainfall).

20. Case example: Canada’s food production (2/3)
A summary of potential climate change
effects on food production in Canada
Campbell, I.D., Durant D.G., Hunter, K.L. and Hyatt, K.D. (2014): Food Production; in Canada
in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation, (ed.) F.J. Warren and
D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 99-134.
5. Food processing may be challenged
by reduced or variable water
availability. Food and feed storage will
need to deal with increased heat, and
in some places, increased storage
capacity may be required to allow for
increased frequency and duration of
transportation interruptions.
6. Fish stocks will respond to changes in
water temperatures, water chemistry,
food supply, algal blooms, runoff and
ocean currents. Reorganizations of
lake/ocean ecosystems are likely, with
resultant impacts on all types of
fisheries.
7. Pests, diseases and invasive
species could become more virulent
and diverse.

21. Case example: Canada’s food production (3/3)
A summary of potential climate change
effects on food production in Canada
Campbell, I.D., Durant D.G., Hunter, K.L. and Hyatt, K.D. (2014): Food Production; in Canada
in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on Impacts and Adaptation, (ed.) F.J. Warren and
D.S. Lemmen; Government of Canada, Ottawa, ON, p. 99-134.
8. Northern/remote communities may be
able to increase local food production
with adaptation (e.g. greenhouses,
cold-tolerant field crops and forages).
Access to country foods will be
affected as vegetation is directly
impacted by changing climate, and
species distributions will shift in
response to warming. Decreased
ocean ice could increase the length of
the shipping season, allowing more
items to be brought to northern coastal
ports.
9. International trade will be affected by
the change in the global geography of
food production with countries shipping
new types of goods as well as by the
potential opening of the Northwest
Passage.

22. Characterizing each development theme
 Define each ‘theme’ in terms of its essential function(s), structure,
knowledge base, boundary, relationships with other systems,
applicable risk/vuln framework, and later, collection of main
adaptation solutions/options
 Lets consider examples for food security and water for a city/district

23. Food Security Example
Consider the Food Security model developed by CCAFs within a systems
dynamics modeling software package called Simile
Component models are easy to build and can be nested and interlinked to
represent multiple scales or interactions across systems/sectors. The software
takes care of all coding for the simulation model

26. Can apply Systems Modeling …

34. Summary of Food Security case study
 The above case studies illustrates the approach for assembling an
integrated model that can be used to generate baseline and dynamic
outputs that would inform decision making and reporting, using the very
accessible Simile modeling platform
 Similar models exist and can be adjusted to other dynamic/interlinked
systems
 A fully integrated national system through a modeling approach is possible
through existing tools such as the Threshold 21 Model by the Millennium
Institute (iSDG Model is a version that is specific to generating SDG
indicators), or the International Futures system (IFs) by Barry Hughes of
University of Denver

35. Another simple example for a water supply system
• A water supply system can be simple – representing one source
and supplying users in a small city, or in many cases, can be
network of sources, often over great distances, with pipelines
transporting water from a river, dam or lake into one or several
treatment plants, then to various holding tanks for distribution to
different parts of a city.
• In some states (e.g. California), the whole system is a connected
network

36. Case example: California’s Water Use system
Source: California’s Water-Energy Relationship, Final
Staff Report, November 2005

37. Source
Water Supply &
Conveyance
Water Treatment
Water
Distribution
End-use:
Agricultural, Residential,
Commercial, Industrial
Wastewater
Collection
Wasterwater
Treatment
Wastewater
Discharge
Source
Recycled Water
Treatment
Recycled Water
Distribution
RiverLake Aquifer
Lake basin
dynamics
River flow/
River basin
dynamics
Climate System
Linking the water system to broader sources and the climate system

38. Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG)
LEG regional training workshop on national adaptation plans (NAPs) for Asia
13 to 16 June 2017
Manila, Philippines
Defining collection of systems

39. Module 10 and 11 Interactive session to define collection of systems
 Module 10 and 11: Identifying systems for assessment … intro plus
Group Exercise then Managing multiple entry points to the
assessment .. Interactive session
 Start with hazards … then systems … then sectors/actors …
themes … place

40. Identifying systems for assessment based on development-adaptation themes
1. Based on the cluster of development themes in the previous
exercise, populate the collection of systems to add more systems
to complete description of the theme (in addition to systems
already identified from the Climate Hazards entry point)
2. Do this in other themes you have identified until you come up with
a master list of key systems that will capture the national supra
system –
(we will look at clustering of these systems across themes/sectors
to capture interactions/more complex systems later under 15)
3. You can continue to build up the list of systems as we progress

41. Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG)
LEG regional training workshop on national adaptation plans (NAPs) for Asia
13 to 16 June 2017
Manila, Philippines
Assessing climate risk and vulnerability by
system: using the CLICC templates

42. • CLICC CLICC CLICC CLICC

43. Module 13 and 14 CLICC templates and exercise
 Module 13 and 14: Assessing climate change impacts, risk and
vulnerability …then identifying adaptation strategies and options …
introduction to a template based on CLICC plus Group Exercise

44. Exercise: Assessing climate risk and vulnerability by system
1. For each system from the previous exercise
2. Fill out a table using the CLICC templates
3. Describe climate change risk and assess to arrive at adaptation
strategies/solutions
4. For each solution, list options for actions (these will be used in
appraisal and ranking)
See table below as an example of Adaptation Strategy versus
Option

45. Adaptation Strategy/Solution and options for specific actions
Theme System Description(essential
functionor service)
Descriptionof the
Baseline
Needsto achieve
SDGsoverbaseline
Climate Risk Key vulnerability/risk
assessment
Adaptation
strategies/
Solution
AdaptationActionsby scale
Local National Regional/Transboundary Global/supporting science
Agriculture
and Food
Security
Crop production
(subsistence,
small scale)
Provide primary
source of food for
rural inhabitants, as
well as source of
income and likehood
through sale of part
of the produce
Rain-fed
production,yield <
2T/ha;heavy post-
harvest losses;
traditional
seed/hybrid seed
based on cost
Inputs (fertlizier,
improved seed),
water
management/harvest
ing, etc to double
production by 2030
Increasing dry
spells/drought;
shifting growing
seasons and patterns
of rainfall; floods and
waterlogging;
increased pest and
disease
Risk of huge yield
losses and crop
failure/destruction
1. Manage choice
of species togrow
Choose crop to
grow for given
location and
physical assets
(type, seed, etc)
1. Develop well-tested optons for suitable
species and provide extension services to
faremers
Considerations of supplyand
demand and effect on
commodity prices at the
regional level (market
analysis)
1. Global research on choice of
species for different zones
(species matching research),
provenance matching, etc
2. Support research on potential shifts of
species to grow for subsistence and
commercial purposes and with work with
stakeholders/farmers to support decision
making/tradeoff analysisand the shift
(cultural, social, economic shifts, markets)
2. Develop incentives to
promote good practice
3. Develop incentives to promote good
practice
2. Manage the
production
process
Manage
constraints to
production
(inputs -
fertilizer, water
management)
1. Support research on key species to develop
suitable provenances/seed types
Shifts in sources for
important commodities
(supply and demand), market
analysis to offer alternatives
to local production
Global trade dynamics in
important commodities:shifts
in sources
2. Manage land use zoning and
quotas/permits to ensure production of key
crops
Develop incentives to promote
good practice
3. Import and export as a tool to manage
supply of main commodities
4. Develop inventives to promote good
practice

46. Contact:
Least Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG)
leghelp@unfccc.int