Leading edge agronomic information for top dry bean production - Steps to success, opportunities and risks.

1. Dry Bean Production Tips
Meghan Moran, OMAFRA Canola & Dry Bean Specialist
meghan.moran@ontario.ca 519-546-1725

3. Health Benefits of Dry Edible Beans
• Folate, B-vitamins, potassium, iron, protein
• Low in fat
• 2x the fiber of cereals
• Prevent blood glucose spike
• Help control diabetes
• Reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases
• Increase satiety (feeling full)
• Anti-cancer and anti-obesity factors under
investigation

4. Direct Consumption
Quality is #1 goal in dry bean production

5. Global Product
Safety and acceptance in end use markets
• Bean varieties
• Maximum residue limits and GM presence
• Pesticide products
• 80-90% of Ontario beans are exported
• Global bean production 2010 = 23.2 million tonnes
• 7 dry bean dealers in Ontario

6. Making Money with Dry Beans
High quality, high yielding beans.
Follow the recipe.

7. Profitability of Beans
IP soybean white bean black bean adzuki
Cost of
Production
$315/ac $435/ac $500/ac $500/ac
Yield
45 bu/ac
55 bu/ac
2200 lb/ac
2575 lb/ac
2200 lb/ac
2630 lb/ac
1375 lb/ac
1700 lb/ac
Price $14.25 bu $0.3675 /lb $0.3722 /lb $0.5389 /lb
Profit
$326
$469
$374
$511
$318
$478
$240
$416

8. Choosing to Grow Beans
Cost of Production indicates:
• Level of risk
• Level of work/ time in the field
• Must have the right field for beans
• Best if have your own sprayer

9. Field Selection
• Drainage
• Avoid clay
• Good soil structure, no compaction
• Previous crop/rotation – root disease and mould
• Herbicide history – see Guide to Weed Control

10. Root Rot

11. Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN)
• Limited research
• Adzuki - high
susceptibility
• White beans –
depends on variety
• Black beans may be
less susceptible
• Carefully dig up roots to check for cysts
• Send soil samples to lab for SCN analysis

12. Tillage
• Conventional tillage probably best
– Weed control
– Herbicide incorporation
– Fast emergence
• No-till  narrower rows better suited
• Roll after planting
12
+ $36
= $36/ac

13. Bean Market Class Choice
White (navy)
Black (turtle)
Adzuki
• Ontario grown seed may be priced lower
• Idaho grown seed may have less disease
+ $95 seed
+ $20 planting
= $131/ac
$85/ac
$95/ac
$105/ac

14. Seeding
• After last frost, ~June 1st
• Adzuki are the longest bean (110+ days), plant
as early as possible
• 15”, 20”, 30”, twin row 30”
• 1 ¼, 1 ½ ” deep, or deeper into moisture

15. Fertility
• 30 to 60 lb/ac Nitrogen is common
• Toxic in the seed row
– Broadcast pre plant and incorporate
– 2x2 band
• Minimal response to starter P
• K according to soil test
+ $55 fertilizer
+ $10 application
= $196/ac
50 lb N
30 lb P2O5
50 lb K2O
Manganese
Potash

16. Weed Control
Soil Applied
Dual II Magnum
Eptam
Frontier
Permit
Prowl
Pursuit
Treflan

17. Weed Control: Soil Applied
White & Black beans, commonly…
• Pursuit + Treflan ~$30
• Pursuit + Dual ~$40
Adzuki beans, only option
• Pursuit + Prowl ~$34
+ $30 herbicide
+ $10 application
= $236/ac

18. White & Black beans
• Assure, Excel, Poast, Select, Venture
• Basagran Forte
• Reflex
Adzuki beans
• Assure, Poast
• Reflex
Weed Control: POST
18
+ $45 herbicide
+ $10 application
= $291/ac

19. Weed Stage for Reflex Application
Photos: M. Cowbrough

20. Disease Control: White Mould

21. Disease Control: White Mould
• Preventative
• Fungicide at 30% bloom/pin bean
• 2nd application in 7-12 days, full bloom
Trials by Gillard, UofG
• Senator best control ($$)
• Allegro, Propulse similar control
• Acapela
2121
+ $32 fungicide
+ $10 application
= $333/ac

22. Disease Control: Anthracnose
Usually from infected seed, but can survive on residue

23. Disease Control - Anthracnose
Resistant varieties
Seed treatments
Idaho grown seed
• Strobilurin fungicides
Acapela, Headline, Quadris
• Some white mould products provide suppression
Allegro, Propulse

24. Bacterial Blights

25. Adzuki Bacterial Disease

26. Adzuki Bacterial Disease?

27. Insect Pests
Potato Leafhopper
Spider Mites
Tarnished Plant Bug
Bean Leaf Beetle

28. Western Bean
Cutworm
• Emerge from soil locally, or fly in
• Feed on pods, flowers, some bean
leaf tissue
• Monitor for WBC to detect peak flight
• 2 traps per field
• Count moths weekly
Photo: Tasha Valente

29. Western Bean Cutworm
Join the WBC Trap Network or view it at
www.cornpest.ca/wbc-trap-network/

30. Photos: Jocelyn Smith, Jen Bruggeman, UG Ridgetown
Spray for WBC when…
• More than 50 moths trapped
• There are pods on the plant
• Pod feeding observed
• Neighbouring corn field is beyond
early tassle, or has reached threshold
Scouting
• Larva nearly impossible to find
• Check ~100 plants for holes in pods

31. WBC Control Products
• Control is effective if applied during early pod feeding
• Pod feeding should begin 10-20 days after peak flight
• Larvae in soil during day, feed on new pods each night
• Good pod coverage required
• Spray in evening
• Rotate chemistry
Registered for WBC:
Matador
Coragen
Voliam Xpress

33. Pre-Harvest Herbicide Treatment
• Even dry down of crop
• Control weeds
• Pod colour a better
indicator than leaf drop
• Timing determined by
dealer
• Product depends on end
use market
333333
+ $11 desiccant
+ $10 application
+ $40harvesting
= $395/ac

34. Delivering Beans
• “Pick” - dockage, off colour beans, off size beans
must be cleaned out
~$6.50/tonne per 1%
• Drying
• Shrinkage
• Trucking
• Crop insurance
• Check-off
$435 - $500
+ delivery, etc.

35. Summary – Setting Up for Success
1. Using your best field –drainage, soil health
2. Good rotations – soybeans & canola
contribute to disease issues
3. Prepare for lots of field activity
4. Focus on quality – don’t cut corners

36. Meghan Moran, OMAFRA Canola & Dry Bean Specialist
meghan.moran@ontario.ca 519-546-1725