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East crops moran (animations) feb 2016
- 1. Canola and Dry Beans Meghan Moran Canola & Edible Bean Specialist meghan.moran@ontario.ca 519-546-1725
- 2. Canola Performance Trials Emergence Seeding Rates Stand Uniformity Swede Midge Monitoring Dry Beans Performance Trials Profitability Comparisons Adzuki Beans
- 3. Ontario Canola Performance Trials 3 Year Summary Variety Yield Days to Days to Height Lodging 1000- Seed Weight Green Brown Seed Seed (lb / ac) Flowering Maturity (cm) (0-5) (g) (%) (%) 5440 2810 48 101 135 1.4 3.3 1.2 1.8 L252 2997 48 101 132 1.8 3 0.9 1.1 Canterra 1990 2685 45 99 126 2.3 3.5 1.7 1.5 45H29 2783 47 100 135 2.2 3.1 0.7 1.6 45S54 2489 46 99 128 2.4 3.4 0.6 1.8
- 4. Ontario Canola Performance Trials 2015 Summary Elora Melancthon Georgetown Winchester Emo Variety Avg. Yield % of lb/ac Checks 45H29 2509 check 5440 2580 check L252 2748 108 L130 2502 98 L140P 2473 97 Canterra 1990 2470 97 45H33 2412 95 46H75 2392 94 CS2000 2359 93 46M34 2329 92 45S54 2040 80
- 5. Ontario Canola Performance Trials www.GoSoy.ca
- 6. Emergence Rates • Ontario - 75% in good conditions, 60% in average conditions • 50%-60% emergence is common in research reports
- 7. Emergence Rates • Seedbed firmness • Moisture • Temperature • Soil texture • Depth of seeding • Seed vigour • Amount of fertilizer with seed • Seed treatment • Insects • Diseases • Other climate factors
- 8. Ideal Plant Stand • 75-130 plants/m2 , 14-25 plants/m of row on 7.5” rows • 7-13 plants/ft2 , 4.5-6 plants/ft of row • At 10 plants/ft2 you have best chance of achieving yield potential • Yield potential is decreased at 5 plants/ft2
- 9. Seeding Rate and Emergence 5440 seeded in 7.5” rows: • 1000 seed wt = 4.74 g • At 5 lb/ac will seed 6.9 seeds/ft 75% emergence 5.17 plants/ft 60% emergence 4.14 plants/ft Ideal Stand: 4.5 – 6 per ft of row
- 10. Seeding Rate and Emergence 5440 seeded in 7.5”rows: • 1000 seed wt = 4.74 g • At 6 lb/ac will seed 8.2 seeds/ft 75% emergence 6.15 plants/ft 60% emergence 4.92 plants/ft Ideal Stand: 4.5 – 6 per ft of row
- 11. Stand Uniformity • Planting speed impacts seeding accuracy • Variable planting depth • Is the drill level? • Seed openers • Seed bed • Soil temperature
- 12. Stand Uniformity 16 sites across Western Canada Compare uniform and non-uniform stands of 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 plants/m2 Yield difference for uniform vs non-uniform stands at same densities At low yielding sites • 80 plants/m2 7% yield difference • 20 plants/m2 32% yield difference At high yielding sites • 60 plants/m2 or lower 21% yield difference AAFC AB, SK and MB, Univ. Sask, Univ. Manitoba Ideal Stand: 70-130/m2 p Yield Potential: 50-200/m2
- 13. Swede Midge
- 14. Swede Midge • 2015 – high levels of damage in New Liskeard area, good yields across other growing regions • Overall low acreage across Ontario as a result of swede midge levels
- 15. Swede Midge Monitoring Adults live 3-4 days, lay eggs soon after emergence, hatch in 3 days. If you see damage, it was caused by eggs laid a week or more ago. • Monitor adults • Emerge in mid to late May, peak in early June • 4 traps required for each field for reliable monitoring • Monitor traps 2-3x per week
- 16. Swede Midge Monitoring • 1st spray when capture 20 swede midge total • Spray again when average 5 adults/trap/day • 7 days between sprays • do not use Coragen if using Lumiderm seed treatment
- 17. 2015 trap results in Casey Township (near Timiskaming) 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 June3-11 June11-15th June16-19 June19-23 June23-27 June27-july1st July2-5 July6-12 July13-16 July17-21 July22-25 July26-27 Total # adult swede midge 544 midge in one trap over 3 days
- 18. Swede Midge – Best Practices Best Practices: • Long rotations; 4 years • Early planting, fast early growth • Control cruciferous weeds and volunteer canola through rotation • Shepherd’s purse, yellow rocket, stinkweed, mustard, radish
- 20. Ontario Dry Bean Performance Trials
- 21. 3 Performance Trials White Bean Small Seeded Coloured Beans 17-25 g/100 seeds Pinto 36-45 g/100 seeds Black (turtle) 16-24 g/100 seeds Small Red 32-36 g/100 seeds
- 22. 3 Performance Trials Large Seeded Coloured Beans Dark Red Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds Light Red Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds White Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds Cranberry 45-60 g/100 seeds
- 23. Profitability of Beans IP soybean white bean black bean adzuki Cost of production $275/ac $410 $410 $410 Yield 45 bu/ac 55 bu/ac 2172 lb/ac 3032 lb/ac 2058 lb/ac 3289 lb/ac 1600 lb 2400 lb Price $13.50 bu $0.3306 /lb $0.3256 /lb $0.50 /lb Profit $335 $465 $310 $590 $260 $660 $390 $790
- 24. OMAFRA 2016 Field Crop Budgets Publication 60 http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/ english/busdev/facts/pub60.h tm Google it!
- 27. Adzuki • Not the same species as other common beans • Vigna angularis • Only one variety – Eramo • Hard seed coat • Some tolerance to white mould and drought conditions • Later maturing than white bean (102-110 days)
- 28. Volunteer Adzuki Beans • Soybeans biggest challenge • Corn and Forages good rotational crops to deal with volunteers
- 29. Volunteer Adzuki Bean Control in Soybean – POST EMERGENT 0 20 40 60 80 100 All other POST Herbicides Basagran Pinnacle Classic glyphosate % Visual Control P.H. Sikkema – University of Guelph (Ridgetown)
- 30. White Mould • More of an issue in dry beans than soybean • Wide rows allow air flow • Scout as crop is coming into flower: • Has it been raining/rain expected, and is the soil wet? • Is the crop thick and the canopy full? • What is the price of beans and can I cover the cost to spray?
- 31. Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) • Lower impact on dry beans than soybeans, generally • Small bean types typically have lower cyst scores • Black beans seem to be most tolerant • Larger beans (kidney, cran) may increase field SCN levels • Adzuki are more susceptible to SCN than soybean