This document describes a patent application for a device that detects warm air or gas currents that may indicate conditions leading to a fire. The device contains a thermally sensitive element made of a wire with spaced lengths coated in a second metal. When heated gas or air penetrates the device's casing, it causes an electromagnetic force between the ends of the coated wire lengths. This EMF can be used to energize a relay and automatically trigger alarms or countermeasures, such as switching off a faulty amplifier and activating fire suppression, to respond to rising temperatures that may indicate a fire. The device was intended to provide early detection of rapid temperature increases to allow timely response to prevent fires from starting or spreading.
Spring loaded bayonet mounted CHT probes are usually K-type probes. These twist and lock into a screw-in adapter and screw into the cylinder head thermo well. The probe is spring-loaded and helps ensure contact with metal instead of air.
Testing and Validation of Thermoelectric CoolersIJERA Editor
The first Air conditioners and refrigerators employed toxic or flammable gases such as Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFC’s), Hydro Chloro Fluorocarbons (HCFC’s), Hydro Fluoro Carbons (HFC’s) and ammonia that could result in fatal accidents when they leaked into the atmosphere. In an automobile, the AC system increases fuel consumption of the vehicle, which uses around 4HP (i.e. 3 kW) of the engine's power. Most refrigerants used for AC system contribute to global warming, and may also destroy the ozone layer. CFC’s, HCFC’s, and HFC’s are poisonous greenhouse gases when they are leaked to the atmosphere and 100 gm of HFC’s destroy 0.5 tons of O3 molecules. In recent years, demand for small size active cooling equipment has increased which includes TEC and water cooled heat sink. While on the other hand the passive cooling system includes heat sink and fan which is not effective enough to cope with task of cooling various electronic components. The active cooling system using TEC can be used where precise control of temperature is required. The energy conversion process which is carried out by active cooling system to absorb the heat from the surface to be cooled and reject that heat to the surrounding. Our project objective is testing and validation of TEC1-12706 and evaluating its capacity, limitations and performance to be used to produce cooling effect in R&AC system. Authors are presenting performance curve enabling the user to design the optimum number of thermoelectric module (TEM) for any required cooling system. In order to find out the capacity of single TEC we have made a prototype in which the existing refrigerants are replaced by newly emerging TEC which works on Peltier effect in AC system. TEC can be used as a generator to generate electricity by applying reverse engineering.
Spring loaded bayonet mounted CHT probes are usually K-type probes. These twist and lock into a screw-in adapter and screw into the cylinder head thermo well. The probe is spring-loaded and helps ensure contact with metal instead of air.
Testing and Validation of Thermoelectric CoolersIJERA Editor
The first Air conditioners and refrigerators employed toxic or flammable gases such as Chloro Fluoro Carbons (CFC’s), Hydro Chloro Fluorocarbons (HCFC’s), Hydro Fluoro Carbons (HFC’s) and ammonia that could result in fatal accidents when they leaked into the atmosphere. In an automobile, the AC system increases fuel consumption of the vehicle, which uses around 4HP (i.e. 3 kW) of the engine's power. Most refrigerants used for AC system contribute to global warming, and may also destroy the ozone layer. CFC’s, HCFC’s, and HFC’s are poisonous greenhouse gases when they are leaked to the atmosphere and 100 gm of HFC’s destroy 0.5 tons of O3 molecules. In recent years, demand for small size active cooling equipment has increased which includes TEC and water cooled heat sink. While on the other hand the passive cooling system includes heat sink and fan which is not effective enough to cope with task of cooling various electronic components. The active cooling system using TEC can be used where precise control of temperature is required. The energy conversion process which is carried out by active cooling system to absorb the heat from the surface to be cooled and reject that heat to the surrounding. Our project objective is testing and validation of TEC1-12706 and evaluating its capacity, limitations and performance to be used to produce cooling effect in R&AC system. Authors are presenting performance curve enabling the user to design the optimum number of thermoelectric module (TEM) for any required cooling system. In order to find out the capacity of single TEC we have made a prototype in which the existing refrigerants are replaced by newly emerging TEC which works on Peltier effect in AC system. TEC can be used as a generator to generate electricity by applying reverse engineering.
A novel approach to design and fabrication of thermo-acoustic refrigerator us...IOSR Journals
The basic object of this paper is compression of refrigerant by the consumption of high amplitude
sound waves that results the generation thermal Energy. For generation of sound waves a loud speaker (or
common audio speaker) has been employed for creating high amplitude sound waves which compresses
refrigerant (helium) by the well Known thermodynamics process of heat absorption. A Thermo acoustic
refrigerator is fabricated with a cooler and loud speaker. The acoustic power produced by a loud speaker as a
sound waves reaches to heat the pump. The cooler works on a reverse Carnot cycle by incorporating a compact
acoustic network to create the travelling wave phasing necessary to operate. As the acoustic wave propagates
temperature difference occurs at the ends of stack, heat and cold is trap by the heat exchangers regenerator
from a cold heat exchanger to an ambient one. Instead of using co-axial topology network, the toroidal is used.
The design, construction and performance measurement of the cooler are also discussed. Finally, at 80 C a
coefficient of performance 7.0 is achieved.
Experimental Investigations and Analysis of Thermoelectric Refrigerator with ...ijtsrd
As the conventional refrigeration system are large in size and consumes a lot of electrical energy which in terns leads to releases of more green house gases for production of electricity which is major environmental concern nowadays. Thermo electric refrigerators are compact and consume less electrical energy which supports use of renewable energy resources such as solar, tidal, wind power, etc. major applications of thermo electric refrigerator are in medical storage systems, blood tissue transfer and as a portable refrigerator. Harvind Yadav | Durgesh Srivastav | Gaurav Kumar | Amit Kumar Yadav | Akshay Goswami ""Experimental Investigations and Analysis of Thermoelectric Refrigerator with Multiple Peltier Modules"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23332.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23332/experimental-investigations-and-analysis-of-thermoelectric-refrigerator-with-multiple-peltier-modules/harvind-yadav
A novel approach to design and fabrication of thermo-acoustic refrigerator us...IOSR Journals
The basic object of this paper is compression of refrigerant by the consumption of high amplitude
sound waves that results the generation thermal Energy. For generation of sound waves a loud speaker (or
common audio speaker) has been employed for creating high amplitude sound waves which compresses
refrigerant (helium) by the well Known thermodynamics process of heat absorption. A Thermo acoustic
refrigerator is fabricated with a cooler and loud speaker. The acoustic power produced by a loud speaker as a
sound waves reaches to heat the pump. The cooler works on a reverse Carnot cycle by incorporating a compact
acoustic network to create the travelling wave phasing necessary to operate. As the acoustic wave propagates
temperature difference occurs at the ends of stack, heat and cold is trap by the heat exchangers regenerator
from a cold heat exchanger to an ambient one. Instead of using co-axial topology network, the toroidal is used.
The design, construction and performance measurement of the cooler are also discussed. Finally, at 80 C a
coefficient of performance 7.0 is achieved.
Experimental Investigations and Analysis of Thermoelectric Refrigerator with ...ijtsrd
As the conventional refrigeration system are large in size and consumes a lot of electrical energy which in terns leads to releases of more green house gases for production of electricity which is major environmental concern nowadays. Thermo electric refrigerators are compact and consume less electrical energy which supports use of renewable energy resources such as solar, tidal, wind power, etc. major applications of thermo electric refrigerator are in medical storage systems, blood tissue transfer and as a portable refrigerator. Harvind Yadav | Durgesh Srivastav | Gaurav Kumar | Amit Kumar Yadav | Akshay Goswami ""Experimental Investigations and Analysis of Thermoelectric Refrigerator with Multiple Peltier Modules"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23332.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23332/experimental-investigations-and-analysis-of-thermoelectric-refrigerator-with-multiple-peltier-modules/harvind-yadav
Réussir et maitriser un dispositif global sur la toile et les réseaux socia...LACT
Intervenants :
Françoise Afonsi - Responsable marketing multicanal
Marine Goury - Responsable éditoriale multicanal Natixis Assurances
Extrait de la formation on-line du 23 mai 2013:
Gérer et mesurer sa présence
Organisé par Armania Socialmania
An overview of stack design for a thermoacoustic refrigeratoreSAT Journals
Abstract A thermoacoustic refrigerator utilizes the thermal interactions of the sound waves with the medium while they travel to produce refrigeration. Sound energy propagates in longitudinal fashion through the medium, thus resulting in compressions and rarefactions in the medium and hence heating and cooling the medium subsequently. The stack acts as a medium to transfer the heat from one point in the system to another. The stack is thus the heart of any thermoacoustic refrigeration system. This paper provides a brief overview of the construction and working of the thermoacoustic refrigerator and focusses on the stack of a thermoacoustic refrigeration system. The desired thermal properties of the stack material like the thermal conductivity and specific heat have been discussed. An optimum spacing obtained from previous works based on the thermal and viscous penetration depths has been briefly discussed. Various stack geometries like the parallel plate type, the spiral type, pin type and porous stacks made of reticulated vitreous carbon have been elaborated. Keywords: Thermoacoustic refrigerator, Stack, Thermal penetration depth, Stack geometry, Stack spacing.
Experimental and Analytical Performance of Gas Gap Cryogenic Thermal Switch ...ijsrd.com
Heat switches are important devices in many cryogenic setups, especially in space applications and many systems have been used to allow a good ability to make or break a thermal contact. Among them, the so-called gas gap heat switches are known to be very reliable and simple due to the nonexistence of moving parts. The ON (conducting) state of the switch are obtained by varying the gas pressure and OFF (insulating) are obtained by creating vacuum in gap. In this paper, the gas gap cryogenic thermal switch is fabricated and tested using LN2 storage vessel. The thermal characteristics (Conductance in the ON and OFF state) of a "Gas Gap Heat Switch" are obtained experimentally and analytically using nitrogen as exchange gas. It is concluded that for both ON and OFF state, thermal conductance increases as heat load increases.
Electricity Generation using Thermoelectric System from Waste Heat of Flue Gasesijsrd.com
Energy related cost have become a significant fraction of cost in any industry. The three top operating expenses are often to be found in any industry like energy (both electrical and thermal), labour and materials. If we were found the manageability of the above equipment's the energy emerges a top ranker. So energy is best field in any industry for the reduction of cost and increasing the saving opportunity. Thermoelectric methods imposed on the application of the thermoelectric generators and the possibility application of Thermoelectrity can contribute as a "Green Technology" in particular in the industry for the recovery of waste heat. Finally the main attention is too focused on selecting the thermoelectric system and representing the analytical and theoretical calculation to represent the Thermoelectric System.
This study shows the experimental comparison
between a commercial vapor compression refrigerator and a
laboratory built thermoelectric beverage cooler. Tests were
carried out to determine the time taken for the temperature of
325 ml of water in a glass jar to be reduced from 32oC to below
6oC. The result shows that in the freezer compartment of the
commercial refrigerator, the temperature of the water decreased
linearly with increasing time. However, for the thermoelectric
refrigerator, the water temperature decreased exponentially with
increasing time. In other words, cooling rate for the refrigerator
was constant while for the thermoelectric it decreased
exponentially. The study also shows that that in the freezer
compartment of the commercial refrigerator the water took 61
min to cool to 6°C while the thermoelectric beverage cooler took
69 min. It can be seen that for the majority of the cooling time,
the thermoelectric refrigerator was cooling at a faster rate than
the commercial refrigerator.
Fabrication of Thermo Electric Solar Fridgeiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Сытник В. С. Основы расчета и анализа точности геодезических измерений в стро...Иван Иванов
В книге изложены вопросы теории и практики расчета, бценки
и анализа точности геодезических измерений, выполняемых при
возведении промышленных, жилых и общественных зданий й\цн-
женериых сооружений. На основе существующих в теории вероят^~—-
ностей
математической статистики и ошибок измерений рассмат
риваются методы расчета необходимой и достаточной точности гео
дезических измерений
применительно к определенным стадиям
строительно-монтажных работ и конструктивным решениям зданий
и сооружений. Значительное внимание уделено анализу точности
результатов геодезических измерений
Заковряшин А. И. Конструирование РЭА с учетом особенностей эксплуатацииИван Иванов
Показана роль конструкторского проектирования в обеспечении эффективности технического обслуживания РЭА по фактическому состоянию. В книге
взаимосвязанно решаются вопросы обеспечения ремонто- и контролепригодности
при конструировании РЭА. Ремонтопригодность рассматривается лак решающи”
фактор обеспечения эффективности применения аппаратуры. Область значений
конструктивных показателей РЭА определяется как результат решения задачи
оптимизации заданного качества функционирования.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
WINDING UP of COMPANY, Modes of DissolutionKHURRAMWALI
Winding up, also known as liquidation, refers to the legal and financial process of dissolving a company. It involves ceasing operations, selling assets, settling debts, and ultimately removing the company from the official business registry.
Here's a breakdown of the key aspects of winding up:
Reasons for Winding Up:
Insolvency: This is the most common reason, where the company cannot pay its debts. Creditors may initiate a compulsory winding up to recover their dues.
Voluntary Closure: The owners may decide to close the company due to reasons like reaching business goals, facing losses, or merging with another company.
Deadlock: If shareholders or directors cannot agree on how to run the company, a court may order a winding up.
Types of Winding Up:
Voluntary Winding Up: This is initiated by the company's shareholders through a resolution passed by a majority vote. There are two main types:
Members' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is solvent (has enough assets to pay off its debts) and shareholders will receive any remaining assets after debts are settled.
Creditors' Voluntary Winding Up: The company is insolvent and creditors will be prioritized in receiving payment from the sale of assets.
Compulsory Winding Up: This is initiated by a court order, typically at the request of creditors, government agencies, or even by the company itself if it's insolvent.
Process of Winding Up:
Appointment of Liquidator: A qualified professional is appointed to oversee the winding-up process. They are responsible for selling assets, paying off debts, and distributing any remaining funds.
Cease Trading: The company stops its regular business operations.
Notification of Creditors: Creditors are informed about the winding up and invited to submit their claims.
Sale of Assets: The company's assets are sold to generate cash to pay off creditors.
Payment of Debts: Creditors are paid according to a set order of priority, with secured creditors receiving payment before unsecured creditors.
Distribution to Shareholders: If there are any remaining funds after all debts are settled, they are distributed to shareholders according to their ownership stake.
Dissolution: Once all claims are settled and distributions made, the company is officially dissolved and removed from the business register.
Impact of Winding Up:
Employees: Employees will likely lose their jobs during the winding-up process.
Creditors: Creditors may not recover their debts in full, especially if the company is insolvent.
Shareholders: Shareholders may not receive any payout if the company's debts exceed its assets.
Winding up is a complex legal and financial process that can have significant consequences for all parties involved. It's important to seek professional legal and financial advice when considering winding up a company.
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
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NATURE, ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW.pptxanvithaav
These slides helps the student of international law to understand what is the nature of international law? and how international law was originated and developed?.
The slides was well structured along with the highlighted points for better understanding .
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
Agrarian Reform Policies in the Philippines: a quiz
780194
1. * GB780194 (A)
Description: GB780194 (A) ? 1957-07-31
Improvements in or relating to a device for detecting warm air or gas
Description of GB780194 (A)
PATENT SPECIFIATION
Inventor: -PETER MELBURN PUCILL.
Date ql,filing Complete Specification: April 27, 1955.
Applcationb Date: Mlay 11, 1954. No. 13760/54.
Complete Specification Published: Jouly 31, 1957.
7805194 Index at Acceptance:-Classes 37, K(1D6 2 5); and 118(1), D15.
International Classification:-008d. H011.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to a Device for Detecting Warm Air or Gas.
We, THE WALTER KIDDE COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Lux Works,
Belvue Road, Northolt, Middlesex, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the.
following statement: -
The present invention relates to a device for detecting the presence
of warm air or gas currents which may be associated with conditions
likely to lead to an outbreak of fire or other dangerous conditions.
The provision of equipment made in accordance with the invention
permits an alarm to be given and counter-measures to be taken to
prevent such outbreak or to obviate other dangerous conditions. The
counter-measures may be effected automatically by means which act in
response to a signal from the detecting equipment.
The present invention has been developed to provide a means for
detecting conditions of rapid temperature rise, such as are associated
with fire and, if desired, for automatically actuating apparatus
adapted to extinguish fire or to take other appropriate
counter-measures.
One application of equipment which incorporates the present invention
is concerned with the problem arising from the overheating and failure
2. of large size, unattended amplifiers. Amplifiers are frequently
installed in groups in a booth, one or more of the amplifiers being
employed only as stand-bys against the failure of one or more of the
other amplifiers. The present invention provides a thermally sensitive
device which enables incipient failure of an amplifier through
overheating to be detected and at the same time provides a means for
automatically switching such amplifier out and simultaneously
switching a stand-by amplifier in, to take the place of the failure.
Simultaneously means of preventing or checking fire in the defective
amplifier are brought into action automatically in response to the
device.
The detector device made in accordance with the present invention has
a thermally sensitive element comprising a wire having separate spaced
lengths thereof coated with a second metal, one end of each coated
portion being arranged in heat conductive relation with and
electrically insulated from a relatively large metallic mass and the
other end of each coated portion being exposed to the ambient
atmosphere.
The thermally sensitive element is preferably mounted in a casing into
which heated gas or air can penetrate. The apparatus used for
detecting overheating in an amplifier is housed in a holder which is
arranged directly over the amplifier in the path of the hot air
current which will rise from the amplifier in the event of it
overheating. The holder is made of insulating plastic material and the
top and bottom of the holder are open, a wire grille being provided to
protect the thermally sensitive element contained within. Hot air may
rise up into the holder through the open bottom s..o as to contact the
thermocouple system inside it.
One device made in accordance with the present invention is shown in
the accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 shows an underneath plan
view of the complete device with the bottom grille plate removed; and
Figure 2 is a section of the thermocouple system.
The thermocouple system consists of a coil of "Eureka" (Registered
Trade Mark) -ricS!CC, -, metal 1, which is partly plated with copper,
each convolution having two copper-plated portions 2 and two plain
portions 3. The material of the coil is essentially very light n gauge
narrow strip. The coil is substantially rectangular in shape and the
plating is applied at two diagonally opposite corners so that 'the
copper-plated portions 2 have ends 4 and 4' at approximately the
middle of each side of the coil. It is found that if the ends 4 and 4'
of a plated portion 2 are maintained at different temperatures, a
potential difference is developed between the two ends of the plated
portion.
The partially plate coil 1 is mounted in the holder 5 directly over
3. the bottom opening in the holder so as to be exposed to rising heated
air. The coil 1 is mounted on formers 6 made of insulating material
and constructed so as to space neighbouring convolutions of the coil
apart. The formers 6 are mounted on spacing bolts 7 which also serve
to clamp heavy metal blocks 8 and 9 against the formers and the coil
1. The cold junctions at the ends 41 are located so that they are in
heat conductive relation with the blocks 8, but they are electrically
insulated therefrom by a thin layer of lacquered paper 10.
When the air or gas temperature around the thermocouple coil 1 rises
with any rapidity, an e.m.f. is developed between the two ends of the
coil, because the junctions at the ends 41 in thermal contact with the
metal blocks 8 remain at a lower temperature than the junctions at the
ends 4 of the plated portions since it takes a little time for the
blocks 8 to warm up to the temperature of the surrounding air. The
resultant e.m.f. between the two ends of the plated portions are
additive since all are in the same direction. The resultant e.m.f.
between the two ends of the coil 1 is employed by connecting the
terminals 11 to a relay.
The whole thermally responsive portion of the device is held away from
contact with the surrounding holder 5 and is supported therein by
means of clips 12 which engage with the spacing bolts 7.
In the particular application of the invention to the fire protection
of amplifiers, the relay is employed to energise operator circuits
which respectively switch out the faulty amplifier and switch in a
stand-by amplifier and also which release CO. to the space around the
faulty amplifier so as to prevent fire.
The device may equally well be applied for general fire protection
purposes, as in the hold of a ship or in a warehouse or factory. Any
sudden rise in temperature will cause an e.m.f. to arise between the
ends of the coil I and the relay energised thereby may be employed to
actuate an alarm and/or to initiate counter-measures.
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