This chapter discusses dynamic modeling techniques used to describe the behavior of object-oriented systems. It introduces sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams, which show how objects interact and communicate through messages. Sequence diagrams focus on the time-ordering of messages while collaboration diagrams emphasize the relationships between objects. The chapter also covers different types of messages and events that can be depicted in dynamic models.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to model structural and behavioral aspects of a system. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. Use case diagrams model user interactions, class diagrams show system entities and relationships, sequence diagrams visualize object interactions over time, and state diagrams depict object states and transitions. UML aims to simplify the complex process of software design through standardized modeling.
This slide give the basic introduction about UML diagram and it's types, and brief intro about Activity Diagram, use of activity diagram in object oriented programming language..
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting models of software systems. The document discusses the history and evolution of UML, provides definitions and examples of various UML diagram types including class, object, use case, state, activity, sequence, and others. It also explains how UML diagrams can be used to model different views of a system, such as structural relationships and dynamic behavior over time.
Object modeling represents the static structure of objects and their relationships using object diagrams. An object diagram shows instances of classes, their attributes and values, and relationships between objects through links representing associations, generalizations, or aggregations. Object diagrams are useful for understanding object behavior and relationships in a system, as well as its static view and for forward and reverse engineering.
Object Oriented Analysis Design using UMLAjit Nayak
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes the key concepts in OOAD like analysis, design, domain modeling, use cases, interaction diagrams, and class diagrams. It then explains the basic building blocks of UML including things (classes, interfaces etc.), relationships (generalization, association etc.), and diagrams (class, sequence etc.). The rest of the document provides details on modeling classes in UML including attributes, operations, responsibilities and visibility.
The document discusses collaboration diagrams, which capture the dynamic behavior of objects collaborating to perform tasks. Collaboration diagrams illustrate object interactions through messages in a graph format. They show objects, links between objects, and messages to model control flow and coordination. Notations are used to represent classes, instances, links, messages, return values, self-messages, conditional messages, iteration, and collections of objects. Examples of converting sequence diagrams to collaboration diagrams for making a phone call, changing flight itineraries, and making a hotel reservation are provided.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to model structural and behavioral aspects of a system. Common UML diagram types include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state diagrams. Use case diagrams model user interactions, class diagrams show system entities and relationships, sequence diagrams visualize object interactions over time, and state diagrams depict object states and transitions. UML aims to simplify the complex process of software design through standardized modeling.
This slide give the basic introduction about UML diagram and it's types, and brief intro about Activity Diagram, use of activity diagram in object oriented programming language..
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting models of software systems. The document discusses the history and evolution of UML, provides definitions and examples of various UML diagram types including class, object, use case, state, activity, sequence, and others. It also explains how UML diagrams can be used to model different views of a system, such as structural relationships and dynamic behavior over time.
Object modeling represents the static structure of objects and their relationships using object diagrams. An object diagram shows instances of classes, their attributes and values, and relationships between objects through links representing associations, generalizations, or aggregations. Object diagrams are useful for understanding object behavior and relationships in a system, as well as its static view and for forward and reverse engineering.
Object Oriented Analysis Design using UMLAjit Nayak
The document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes the key concepts in OOAD like analysis, design, domain modeling, use cases, interaction diagrams, and class diagrams. It then explains the basic building blocks of UML including things (classes, interfaces etc.), relationships (generalization, association etc.), and diagrams (class, sequence etc.). The rest of the document provides details on modeling classes in UML including attributes, operations, responsibilities and visibility.
The document discusses collaboration diagrams, which capture the dynamic behavior of objects collaborating to perform tasks. Collaboration diagrams illustrate object interactions through messages in a graph format. They show objects, links between objects, and messages to model control flow and coordination. Notations are used to represent classes, instances, links, messages, return values, self-messages, conditional messages, iteration, and collections of objects. Examples of converting sequence diagrams to collaboration diagrams for making a phone call, changing flight itineraries, and making a hotel reservation are provided.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to express the design of object-oriented software projects. UML includes diagrams, relationships and elements that help design different perspectives of a system including design, implementation, process and deployment. The key building blocks of UML are things (like classes and use cases), relationships (like generalization and dependency), and diagrams (like class, sequence and deployment diagrams) which are used to model different aspects of a software system.
CS8592 Object Oriented Analysis & Design - UNIT Ipkaviya
This document provides an introduction to Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and the Unified Process (UP). It discusses key OOAD concepts like objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It then describes the Unified Process, an iterative software development approach that involves inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases. Each phase includes requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing activities. The document also discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and diagrams used in OOAD like use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams.
This document provides an overview of UML class diagrams, including their purpose and essential elements. A UML class diagram visually describes the structure of a system by showing classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. Key elements include classes, associations, generalization, dependencies, and notes. The document also provides examples and tips for creating UML class diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. Design patterns describe common solutions to programming problems and always use UML diagrams. This document focuses on class diagrams, which show classes, interfaces, and their relationships. It provides examples of how to depict classes with variables and methods, and relationships between classes like inheritance.
The document discusses use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines use cases as descriptions of system functionality from a user perspective. Use case diagrams depict system behavior, users, and relationships between actors, use cases, and other use cases. The key components of use case diagrams are described as actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships. Common relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. An example use case diagram for a cellular telephone is provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design. It defines key terms and concepts in object-oriented modeling like use cases, class diagrams, states, sequences. It describes developing requirements models using use cases and class diagrams. It also explains modeling object behavior through state and sequence diagrams and transitioning analysis models to design.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting software systems. It uses mainly graphical notations to express design of software projects. There are two main categories of UML diagrams - structural diagrams which focus on static elements regardless of time, and behavioral diagrams which focus on dynamic features and business processes. Common UML diagram types include class, sequence, use case, activity, state machine, component, deployment and interaction diagrams.
This document discusses agile software development methods. It outlines the agile manifesto which values individuals and interactions over processes, working software over documentation, and customer collaboration over contract negotiation. Some key agile principles include customer satisfaction, welcome changing requirements, and frequent delivery of working software. Common agile methods like extreme programming and scrum are also summarized. Advantages include improved customer satisfaction and responsiveness to change, while disadvantages include potential lack of documentation.
The document discusses various types of UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams (sequence and collaboration diagrams), state diagrams, and activity diagrams. It provides details on when each diagram should be used and includes examples to illustrate how to draw each type of diagram. The key points covered are that UML diagrams allow viewing a software system from different perspectives and varying degrees of abstraction, and each diagram type has a specific purpose to model different aspects of a system.
The document describes activity diagrams and their components. It provides examples of activity diagrams for an order management system, online shopping process, a ticket vending machine, resolving software issues, and single sign-on for Google apps. Activity diagrams can show sequential, parallel, and conditional flows between activities of a system through various components like activities, decisions, forks, joins, and swimlanes.
Software Project Management (monitoring and control)IsrarDewan
Monitoring and Controlling are processes needed to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. It also identifies any areas where changes to the project management method are required and initiates the required changes.
This document discusses different approaches to identifying classes and objects in object-oriented analysis, including:
1. Classical categorization, conceptual clustering, and prototype theory which group entities based on common properties.
2. Behavior analysis which identifies objects based on their behaviors and responsibilities.
3. Use case analysis which identifies participant objects and responsibilities by analyzing system usage scenarios.
4. CRC cards which record each class's responsibilities and collaborations to represent system interactions.
This document provides an overview of class diagrams in UML. It describes the key components of a class diagram including classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. A class represents a set of objects with common properties and behavior. It includes a name, attributes, and operations. Relationships between classes such as dependencies, generalizations, and associations are also depicted. The document provides examples of how to represent these components and relationships in a UML class diagram.
The document discusses types and roles in UML. Types are conceptual classes used during analysis to identify possible object types in a system. They do not have methods or instances. Roles represent the behaviors of entities in particular contexts. An object can play different roles depending on the context, presenting different properties based on its role. Types and roles are modeling concepts in UML used to describe the abstraction of classes and behaviors before implementation.
This document discusses the evolution of the object model in programming. It describes how programming languages have evolved from procedural to object-oriented over several generations, with each generation incorporating new features like data abstraction, modularity, and object-oriented concepts. The core elements of the object model are explained as abstraction, encapsulation, hierarchy, and modularity. Minor elements like typing, concurrency, and persistence are also discussed. Examples are given throughout to illustrate object-oriented concepts.
This document outlines the 10 step process for step-wise project planning for software projects. The 10 steps are: 1) identify project scope and objectives, 2) identify project infrastructure, 3) analyze project characteristics, 4) identify project products and activities, 5) estimate effort for each activity, 6) identify activity risks, 7) allocate resources, 8) review and publicize the plan, 9) execute the plan, and 10) conduct lower level planning as more details emerge. The goal of these steps is to ensure project tasks are well coordinated and meet objectives like timely completion through processes like stakeholder analysis, risk assessment, and resource planning.
The document provides an introduction and overview of design patterns. It defines design patterns as common solutions to recurring problems in software design. The document discusses the origin of design patterns in architecture, describes the four essential parts of a design pattern (name, problem, solution, consequences), and categorizes patterns into creational, structural, and behavioral types. Examples of commonly used patterns like Singleton and State patterns are also presented.
The document provides an introduction to distributed systems, defining them as a collection of independent computers that communicate over a network to act as a single coherent system. It discusses the motivation for and characteristics of distributed systems, including concurrency, lack of a global clock, and independence of failures. Architectural categories of distributed systems include tightly coupled and loosely coupled, with examples given of different types of distributed systems such as database management systems, ATM networks, and the internet.
This document discusses domain state modeling. It explains that some domain objects pass through distinct states, each with different properties and constraints. A domain state model identifies classes with states, finds the states and events that cause transitions, builds state diagrams, and evaluates the diagrams. The document provides steps for domain state modeling and examples using an ATM machine to illustrate states like account types and events like incorrect PIN. It emphasizes iteratively refining the analysis model to improve consistency and structure.
This chapter introduces state diagrams and their components. It discusses how state diagrams describe the states of an object and transitions between states triggered by events. It covers initial and final states, actions, activities, and different types of events. The chapter also discusses transitions between states and the use of guard conditions. Finally, it introduces concepts of nested and concurrent states.
This chapter introduces state diagrams and their components. It discusses how state diagrams describe the states of an object and transitions between states triggered by events. It covers initial and final states, actions, activities, and different types of events. The chapter also discusses transitions between states and the use of guard conditions. Finally, it introduces concepts like substates, concurrent state diagrams, and ways for orthogonal components to communicate in concurrent state models.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. It uses graphical notations to express the design of object-oriented software projects. UML includes diagrams, relationships and elements that help design different perspectives of a system including design, implementation, process and deployment. The key building blocks of UML are things (like classes and use cases), relationships (like generalization and dependency), and diagrams (like class, sequence and deployment diagrams) which are used to model different aspects of a software system.
CS8592 Object Oriented Analysis & Design - UNIT Ipkaviya
This document provides an introduction to Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) and the Unified Process (UP). It discusses key OOAD concepts like objects, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. It then describes the Unified Process, an iterative software development approach that involves inception, elaboration, construction, and transition phases. Each phase includes requirements analysis, design, implementation, and testing activities. The document also discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and diagrams used in OOAD like use case diagrams, class diagrams, and sequence diagrams.
This document provides an overview of UML class diagrams, including their purpose and essential elements. A UML class diagram visually describes the structure of a system by showing classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. Key elements include classes, associations, generalization, dependencies, and notes. The document also provides examples and tips for creating UML class diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a diagramming language used for object-oriented programming. It can be used to describe the organization, execution, use, and deployment of a program. Design patterns describe common solutions to programming problems and always use UML diagrams. This document focuses on class diagrams, which show classes, interfaces, and their relationships. It provides examples of how to depict classes with variables and methods, and relationships between classes like inheritance.
The document discusses use case diagrams in object oriented design and analysis. It defines use cases as descriptions of system functionality from a user perspective. Use case diagrams depict system behavior, users, and relationships between actors, use cases, and other use cases. The key components of use case diagrams are described as actors, use cases, the system boundary, and relationships. Common relationships include association, extend, generalization, uses, and include. An example use case diagram for a cellular telephone is provided to illustrate these concepts.
This document provides an overview of object-oriented analysis and design. It defines key terms and concepts in object-oriented modeling like use cases, class diagrams, states, sequences. It describes developing requirements models using use cases and class diagrams. It also explains modeling object behavior through state and sequence diagrams and transitioning analysis models to design.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and documenting software systems. It uses mainly graphical notations to express design of software projects. There are two main categories of UML diagrams - structural diagrams which focus on static elements regardless of time, and behavioral diagrams which focus on dynamic features and business processes. Common UML diagram types include class, sequence, use case, activity, state machine, component, deployment and interaction diagrams.
This document discusses agile software development methods. It outlines the agile manifesto which values individuals and interactions over processes, working software over documentation, and customer collaboration over contract negotiation. Some key agile principles include customer satisfaction, welcome changing requirements, and frequent delivery of working software. Common agile methods like extreme programming and scrum are also summarized. Advantages include improved customer satisfaction and responsiveness to change, while disadvantages include potential lack of documentation.
The document discusses various types of UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams (sequence and collaboration diagrams), state diagrams, and activity diagrams. It provides details on when each diagram should be used and includes examples to illustrate how to draw each type of diagram. The key points covered are that UML diagrams allow viewing a software system from different perspectives and varying degrees of abstraction, and each diagram type has a specific purpose to model different aspects of a system.
The document describes activity diagrams and their components. It provides examples of activity diagrams for an order management system, online shopping process, a ticket vending machine, resolving software issues, and single sign-on for Google apps. Activity diagrams can show sequential, parallel, and conditional flows between activities of a system through various components like activities, decisions, forks, joins, and swimlanes.
Software Project Management (monitoring and control)IsrarDewan
Monitoring and Controlling are processes needed to track, review, and regulate the progress and performance of the project. It also identifies any areas where changes to the project management method are required and initiates the required changes.
This document discusses different approaches to identifying classes and objects in object-oriented analysis, including:
1. Classical categorization, conceptual clustering, and prototype theory which group entities based on common properties.
2. Behavior analysis which identifies objects based on their behaviors and responsibilities.
3. Use case analysis which identifies participant objects and responsibilities by analyzing system usage scenarios.
4. CRC cards which record each class's responsibilities and collaborations to represent system interactions.
This document provides an overview of class diagrams in UML. It describes the key components of a class diagram including classes, attributes, operations, and relationships. A class represents a set of objects with common properties and behavior. It includes a name, attributes, and operations. Relationships between classes such as dependencies, generalizations, and associations are also depicted. The document provides examples of how to represent these components and relationships in a UML class diagram.
The document discusses types and roles in UML. Types are conceptual classes used during analysis to identify possible object types in a system. They do not have methods or instances. Roles represent the behaviors of entities in particular contexts. An object can play different roles depending on the context, presenting different properties based on its role. Types and roles are modeling concepts in UML used to describe the abstraction of classes and behaviors before implementation.
This document discusses the evolution of the object model in programming. It describes how programming languages have evolved from procedural to object-oriented over several generations, with each generation incorporating new features like data abstraction, modularity, and object-oriented concepts. The core elements of the object model are explained as abstraction, encapsulation, hierarchy, and modularity. Minor elements like typing, concurrency, and persistence are also discussed. Examples are given throughout to illustrate object-oriented concepts.
This document outlines the 10 step process for step-wise project planning for software projects. The 10 steps are: 1) identify project scope and objectives, 2) identify project infrastructure, 3) analyze project characteristics, 4) identify project products and activities, 5) estimate effort for each activity, 6) identify activity risks, 7) allocate resources, 8) review and publicize the plan, 9) execute the plan, and 10) conduct lower level planning as more details emerge. The goal of these steps is to ensure project tasks are well coordinated and meet objectives like timely completion through processes like stakeholder analysis, risk assessment, and resource planning.
The document provides an introduction and overview of design patterns. It defines design patterns as common solutions to recurring problems in software design. The document discusses the origin of design patterns in architecture, describes the four essential parts of a design pattern (name, problem, solution, consequences), and categorizes patterns into creational, structural, and behavioral types. Examples of commonly used patterns like Singleton and State patterns are also presented.
The document provides an introduction to distributed systems, defining them as a collection of independent computers that communicate over a network to act as a single coherent system. It discusses the motivation for and characteristics of distributed systems, including concurrency, lack of a global clock, and independence of failures. Architectural categories of distributed systems include tightly coupled and loosely coupled, with examples given of different types of distributed systems such as database management systems, ATM networks, and the internet.
This document discusses domain state modeling. It explains that some domain objects pass through distinct states, each with different properties and constraints. A domain state model identifies classes with states, finds the states and events that cause transitions, builds state diagrams, and evaluates the diagrams. The document provides steps for domain state modeling and examples using an ATM machine to illustrate states like account types and events like incorrect PIN. It emphasizes iteratively refining the analysis model to improve consistency and structure.
This chapter introduces state diagrams and their components. It discusses how state diagrams describe the states of an object and transitions between states triggered by events. It covers initial and final states, actions, activities, and different types of events. The chapter also discusses transitions between states and the use of guard conditions. Finally, it introduces concepts of nested and concurrent states.
This chapter introduces state diagrams and their components. It discusses how state diagrams describe the states of an object and transitions between states triggered by events. It covers initial and final states, actions, activities, and different types of events. The chapter also discusses transitions between states and the use of guard conditions. Finally, it introduces concepts like substates, concurrent state diagrams, and ways for orthogonal components to communicate in concurrent state models.
The document describes a virtual machine (VM) model and language that serves as an intermediate representation between high-level programming languages and machine language. The VM uses a stack-based architecture and 16-bit integers to represent data, pointers, and Booleans. It features arithmetic, Boolean, memory access, and flow control commands that operate on the stack to evaluate expressions and control program flow. The VM is designed to provide an abstraction of a program that is compiler-independent and can be implemented on different hardware platforms through various compilers and virtual machines.
The document provides an overview of UML diagrams including sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, deployment diagrams, and component diagrams. It discusses concepts like synchronous and asynchronous messages, combined fragments, and scenarios. Examples are given of sequence diagrams, deployment diagrams, and a proposed component diagram to demonstrate how different elements can be modeled.
This chapter introduces activity diagrams and discusses where they are used. Activity diagrams can model workflows, operations, and dynamic aspects of a system. They contain activities, transitions, synchronization bars, and decision activities. Activity diagrams are suitable for analyzing use cases, understanding workflow, and modeling multithreaded applications. They are not suitable for showing object collaboration or lifetime behavior.
The document discusses various behavioral diagrams in UML including use case diagrams, sequence diagrams, collaboration diagrams, state machine diagrams and activity diagrams. It provides details on how to model scenarios and interactions using these diagrams, including modeling conditional paths, asynchronous messages, procedural vs flat sequencing, and how interaction diagrams relate to use cases at different levels of abstraction.
This document provides a step-by-step guide for creating a Windows 8 Metro-style game from a programmer's perspective. It covers setting up the game, coding it, and optimizing it. The coding section discusses app initialization, opening a window, rendering graphics, loading and saving data, adding input controls, adding sound effects, and creating an asset pipeline. The sample code uses C++ and Windows Runtime APIs to access devices, services, and graphics through DirectX.
Windowing systems provide device independence, resource sharing, and application management. Toolkits like Java AWT provide interaction objects like buttons and menus. There are two main event paradigms - read-evaluation loops and notification-based approaches. Painting can be controlled internally or externally. Conceptual architectures like Seeheim separate the presentation, dialogue control, and application functionality layers, while frameworks like MVC and PAC define component architectures.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify and document artifacts of a software system. It then summarizes the history and evolution of UML from its origins combining different modeling approaches in the 1980s-1990s to the current version. The document also lists and briefly describes the main UML diagram types including class, use case, activity, sequence, collaboration, state chart, component and deployment diagrams. For each diagram type, it highlights the key elements and purpose.
The document discusses implementing the Memento pattern in the Exparency BPM system to provide undo/redo functionality. It describes using two queues - a command queue and an undo queue - to store commands. Command objects save the old and new state and are serialized/deserialized. A CommandManager interacts with these queues and localStorage to persist commands. This allows recorded macros to reproduce issues for debugging.
Architectural Patterns and Software Architectures: Client-Server, Multi-Tier,...Svetlin Nakov
Few days ago I gave a talk about software architectures. My goal was to explain as easy as possible the main ideas behind the most popular software architectures like the client-server model, the 3-tier and multi-tier layered models, the idea behind SOA architecture and cloud computing, and few widely used architectural patterns like MVC (Model-View-Controller), MVP (Model-View-Presenter), PAC (Presentation Abstraction Control), MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel). In my talk I explain that MVC, MVP and MVVM are not necessary bound to any particular architectural model like client-server, 3-tier of SOA. MVC, MVP and MVVM are architectural principles applicable when we need to separate the presentation (UI), the data model and the presentation logic.
Additionally I made an overview of the popular architectural principals IoC (Inversion of Control) and DI (Dependency Injection) and give examples how to build your own Inversion of Control (IoC) container.
The document discusses sequence diagrams and their elements. A sequence diagram models the interactions between objects in a system by showing message exchanges in time sequence. It contains lifelines that represent objects or roles, and messages that represent interactions between lifelines. Sequence diagrams can also include combined fragments that allow modeling alternative flows, loops, and other control structures.
The Object-Oriented Approach to RequirementsHenhen Lukmana
The document discusses object-oriented requirements models for defining system requirements, including use case diagrams, use case descriptions, activity diagrams, system sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams. It provides examples and explanations of each model, and how the models work together in an iterative process to define functional requirements from an object-oriented perspective. The goal is to understand user needs and how the system will support business processes through these object-oriented analysis techniques.
This document provides an overview of virtual instrumentation using LabVIEW. It discusses the basic concepts and components of LabVIEW, including the front panel interface and block diagram programming model. It also covers common LabVIEW functions and palettes, data types, debugging techniques, and provides an example of converting between Celsius and Fahrenheit temperatures. The goal is to introduce readers to LabVIEW and how to build simple virtual instruments with it.
The document discusses modeling techniques for object-oriented systems using Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes how to model message flows and object interactions using sequence diagrams and collaboration diagrams. It also explains how to model an object's lifetime behaviors using state chart diagrams and model procedural performance using activity diagrams. Specific examples are provided for each diagram type to illustrate their notation and usage.
The document discusses various Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams used to model different aspects of software systems. It describes structure diagrams like class diagrams that show system composition and deployment diagrams that map software to hardware. It also covers behavioral diagrams like use case diagrams, interaction diagrams (sequence and communication diagrams), state-chart diagrams, and activity diagrams that model dynamic system behavior through object interactions and state transitions. Specific examples are provided for how to construct and interpret sequence diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams.
The document discusses techniques for dynamic analysis and modeling in object-oriented systems. It describes developing use case scenarios, system-level sequence diagrams, subsystem-level diagrams, three-tier sequence diagrams involving boundary, control and entity objects, and statechart diagrams for control objects. The goal is to transform requirements into an implementation through modeling object interactions and behavior.
Similar to 7. sequence and collaboration diagrams (20)
This document introduces a module on programming concepts in C++. The module will cover object-oriented programming principles, C++ basics, classes, inheritance, pointers, and more. Students will learn to apply OOP to model real-world systems. Their knowledge will be assessed through a final exam and group project, both testing their ability to explain and apply core OOP concepts and develop class structures.
The document summarizes and compares several major object-oriented programming languages: Smalltalk, C++, Eiffel, and Java. Smalltalk was designed for interactive use and has a fully integrated development environment, while C++ was designed for production use and has less integration. Eiffel focuses on ensuring code correctness but had poor tooling. Java became popular for web development due to its portability and is expected to further object-oriented adoption.
This chapter discusses software design patterns, including why they evolved to capture recurring design solutions, defines a design pattern as describing communicating objects and classes that solve general problems, and describes fundamental GRASP patterns that assign responsibilities to experts, creators, or controllers to achieve high cohesion and low coupling.
Class diagrams using UML can model the static view of a system by showing how classes are related through relationships like association and generalization. The chapter introduces class diagram notation and discusses how to identify problem domain classes and the different relationships that can exist between classes like association, aggregation, composition, and generalization. It also covers how to model classes, attributes, operations, and relationships in UML class diagrams.
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This document introduces a module on programming concepts in C++. The module will cover object-oriented programming principles, C++ basics, classes and objects, inheritance, pointers, and more. Students will learn to apply OOP to model real-world systems. Their knowledge will be assessed through a final exam and group coursework assignments focusing on programming and class design.
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This lecture introduces Java programming and covers: the Java Virtual Machine; object oriented concepts like classes and instances; the structure of a Java program; and using the Scanner class for input/output. Key topics are compiling Java code, executing bytecode on the JVM, and the basics of classes, methods, and objects.
1. Sequence and Collaboration Diagrams
Chapter 7
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 1
2. Objectives
In this chapter we will:
Review the different dynamic modelling
techniques
Discuss different types of messages
Discuss different types of events
Introduce sequence and collaboration diagrams
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 2
3. Dynamic Modelling
Dynamics of a system
how objects communicate and the effects of such
communication
how objects collaborate through communication and how
objects change state
Dynamics of a system is described by four diagrams
State Sequence
Collaboration Activity
Interaction
communication between objects in order to generate some
function
described in sequence, collaboration and activity diagrams
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 3
4. Dynamic Modelling diagrams
State diagram -describes
which states an object can have
behaviour in those states
what events cause the state to change
Sequence diagram - describes how objects
interact and communicate with each other
primary focus is time
shows how a sequence of messages are sent and
received between a set of objects in order to perform
some function
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 4
5. Dynamic Modelling diagrams
Collaboration diagram - describes how objects
interact
focus is on space - relationships between objects are
shown
Activity diagram - describes activities and their
order - another way of showing interactions
focus on work - when objects interact they also perform
work in terms of activities
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 5
6. Dynamic Modelling - Messages
Message
a communication between objects that conveys
information
has a sender and recipient
is represented as an arrow denoting flow of control
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 6
7. Dynamic Modelling - Messages
Types of messages
simple
flat flow of control - control is passed
without describing any details
synchronous
nested flow of control - operation call
handling of the message is completed
before the caller resumes execution
asynchronous
there is no explicit return to the caller
the sender continues to execute after
sending the message without waiting
for it to be handled
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 7
8. Dynamic Modelling
Use cases are elaborated in two stages
Expand the use-cases into sequence diagrams
Use the sequence diagrams to produce finite state
machines
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 8
9. Events
Kinds of events
receipt of a call on an operation by another object
( message)
the signal itself is an object-shown as an event-signature
on state transitions
receipt of an explicit signal from another object
(message)
the signal itself is an object- also shown as an event-
signature on state transitions
a condition becoming true
shown as a guard condition
passage of a designed period of time
shown as a time expression
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 9
10. Events
Basic semantics about event labeled transitions
events are triggers that activate state transitions
if an event can activate more then one transition only one
will be triggered
if en event occurs and guard is false then the event is
ignored (events are not stored)
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 10
11. Dynamic Modelling-Sequence Diagram
:Object A :Object B
:Actor A
Focus of control
Simple message
Synchronous
message return
Objects lifeline
Asynchronous
messge
destructor()
Object is destroyed X
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 11
13. Sequence Diagram
To support conditional and looping constructs, the UML
uses frames. Frames are regions or fragments of the
diagrams; they have an operator or label (such as loop) and
a guard (conditional clause).
The following table summarizes some common frame
operators:
Frame
Operator Meaning
alt Alternative fragment for mutual exclusion
conditional logic expressed in the guards.
loop Loop fragment while guard is true.
opt Optional fragment that executes if guard is true.
par Parallel fragments that execute in parallel.
region Critical region within which only one thread can run.
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 13
14. Sequence Diagram Example
:floor panel :ElevatorControl :floorSensor :Elevator
<<boundary>> <<control>> <<boundary>>
Person on floor
Call(floorNumber)
state idle
moveUp(floorNumber)
arriveAt(floorNumber)
state moving up
stop()
state idle
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 14
15. Sequence Diagram Example
:floor panel :ElevatorControl :floorSensor :Elevator
<<boundary>> <<control>> <<boundary>>
Person on floor
Call(floorNumber)
state idle
moveDown(floorNumber)
arriveAt(floorNumber)
state moving down
stop()
state idle
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 15
16. Sequence Diagram Example
:ElevatorControl :floorSensor :Elevator
<<control>> <<boundary>>
state idle
[timer=time_out]/moveDown(firstfloor)
arriveAt(firstfloor)
state moving down to first floor
stop()
state on first floor
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 16
17. Dynamic Modelling - Collaboration Diagram
Show:
network of collaborating objects
interactions
- how messages are sent between objects
Used to illustrate execution of
a use case
an operation
Focus on time
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 17
20. Collaboration Diagram for ElevatorControl
On further investigation ElevatorControl may
need to be expanded into more classes
revisit sequence diagrams!
:ElevatorControl
1: Call floor(number)
1.1: *[all queues]:len=length(){return shortest} 2: nextjob=get()
:Queue :Dispatcher
:Organiser
1.3:Invoke(job){join queue}
1.2:Create()
parameter
Active object
own thread
:Order of control
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 20
21. More about Interaction Diagrams
Different developers have different preferences
time-ordering or spatial
Interaction diagrams are good at showing
collaboration between objects
They are not good at precise definition of the
behaviour
They are at their best when the behaviour is simple
To capture complex behaviour in a single diagram
use an activity diagram
To look at the behaviour of a single object across
many use cases use a state diagram
many use cases or many threads use an activity diagram
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 21
22. Summary
In this chapter we have:
Reviewed the different dynamic modelling
techniques
Discussed different types of messages
Discussed different types of events
Introduced sequence and collaboration diagrams
Object-Oriented Software Systems Engineering – Chapter 7 Slide 22
Editor's Notes
1
Interaction diagrams (two types) sequence and collaboration They show the passage of time for one scenario (you can show branching * iterations) You may have a primary sequence diagram and ones which show alternative paths and flows They are semantically equivalent. i.e. you can model the dynamica of a system using one type of diagram and transform it to another type with no loss of semantic meaning The reason for two types is that modelling dynamics is hard and often you need to approach it from different angles Sequence diagram emphasises the time ordering of the messages Collaboration diagram emphasises structural organisation of objects that sent and receive messages