6.2 Dealing With Other Nations
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The document discusses US foreign relations in the early 19th century, including establishing the Monroe Doctrine to prevent further European colonization in the Americas and shaping events in the Western Hemisphere. It also covers Spain losing control of Florida to the US, most Latin American countries gaining independence from Spain by 1825, tensions with Canada being resolved by granting Canadians more self-government, and the US-Canada border remaining disputed until 1846.
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Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 led by Miguel Hidalgo. However, Mexico then lost large amounts of territory to the United States in the Mexican-American War from 1846-1848. Mexico also struggled with internal conflicts and was invaded by France from 1862-1867. Mexico was led by many leaders seeking to gain independence and stabilize the country during this turbulent period.
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The document outlines key events in the history of the United States between 1815-1914, including the Mexican War, the American Civil War, emancipation of slavery, expansion of continental railroads, the Spanish-American War, and the beginning of the Panama Canal project. It notes that Britain was initially the US's biggest enemy after the War of 1812 but later became its main ally, and that the US government was a republic that gained international power through territorial expansion, such as taking land from Mexico.
TX History Ch 7.4
- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
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Latin American countries sought independence from European rule, drawing encouragement from the American and French Revolutions. Haiti was the first to gain independence led by Toussaint L'Ouverture in a successful slave rebellion. Mexico declared independence in 1821 led by Miguel Hidalgo and Agustin de Iturbide after 10 years of struggle. Brazil gained independence in 1822 led by Dom Pedro without fighting a war. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama united as Gran Colombia and gained independence by 1822 led by Simon Bolivar.
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- Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821 after a long fight led by figures like José María Morelos y Pavón and Agustín de Iturbide.
- Iturbide declared himself the first ruler of independent Mexico but proved unpopular and was forced from power, leading Mexico to become a republic.
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1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
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3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
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2) It describes how several tribes, including the Choctaw, Cherokee, and Creek, resisted removal from their homelands and were forced to relocate to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) through treaties or military action.
3) The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia to protect their sovereignty but lost the case, and over 4,000 Cherokee died during the forced relocation known as the "Trail of Tears" in 1838.
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The document compares American imperialism to that of other nations. After expanding across North America, the United States began projecting power outward, though faced resistance at home and abroad over democratic hypocrisy. As a former colony, America was reluctant to take on formal colonies unlike European empires. The US acquired the Philippines through two wars against Spain in 1898, and faced an independence movement led by Emilio Aguinaldo, though eventually established control through alliances with local elites, unlike the direct British imperial bureaucracy.
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The Mexican-American War occurred between 1846 and 1848 after a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the United States. The U.S. sought to expand across North America, while Mexico wanted to retain control over Texas. As a result of several U.S. victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, with Mexico ceding over half of its territory, including California and New Mexico, to the U.S. in exchange for $15 million. While the U.S. achieved its expansionist goals, Mexico suffered significant losses of life and land that weakened its stability for years.
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TX History Ch 7.3
1. The document discusses several expeditions and rebellions against Spanish rule in Texas in the early 1800s, including those led by Philip Nolan, Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, José Bernando Gutiérrez de Lara, and Augustus William Magee.
2. Gutiérrez de Lara declared Texas independent from Spain on April 6, 1813 but Spanish forces crushed the rebellion later that month.
3. The document also mentions several filibusters and pirates operating in Texas during this period, including Henry Perry and Jean Lafitte, and expeditions led by Dr. James Long seeking Texas independence.
Era Of Good Feelings Overview
The document discusses several key events and developments during the Era of Good Feelings in the United States, including the establishment of the Second Bank of the United States, the Tariff of 1816 and other economic policies known as the American System, the Missouri Compromise which helped address the issue of the balance of slave and free states, and the Monroe Doctrine which declared the Americas closed to future European colonization.
US History Ch 12.4
1) The document discusses Indian removal in the 1830s, when the Indian Removal Act authorized relocating American Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river.
2) It describes how several tribes, including the Choctaw, Cherokee, and Creek, resisted removal from their homelands and were forced to relocate to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) through treaties or military action.
3) The Cherokee sued the state of Georgia to protect their sovereignty but lost the case, and over 4,000 Cherokee died during the forced relocation known as the "Trail of Tears" in 1838.
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The document discusses the political divisions that emerged in the U.S. during the presidency of James Monroe, known as the Era of Good Feelings. Sectional differences arose over issues like tariffs and the role of the federal government. The nation was dividing into three sections - the Northeast, South, and West - each promoting their own economic self-interest. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 maintained the balance of power between slave and free states as the nation expanded.
17.1 revolutions
The Age of Revolution in Central and South America, the original slide design from Susan Porter's website
28-3 Powerpoint: US Economic Imperialism in Latin America
1. After gaining independence in the early 1800s, many Latin American countries struggled with poverty, political instability, and dependence on foreign nations for economic investments.
2. The U.S. came to dominate affairs in Latin America through policies like the Monroe Doctrine and Roosevelt Corollary, which allowed them to intervene militarily.
3. Under foreign influence, Latin American economies grew through increased exports but industrial development was limited and debt to wealthy nations drained their economies. The U.S. built the Panama Canal to further their economic and strategic interests in the region.
HIS 2213 LU13: Was the U.S. Mexican War an Act of American Imperialism?
This document provides an overview of the U.S.-Mexican War and the concept of Manifest Destiny that contributed to American expansionism and territorial gains in the 1840s. It discusses factors that led to war such as disputes over Texas, President Polk's push for expansion, and racial ideologies. The war resulted in Mexico ceding over half its territory in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The document examines debates over slavery in the new lands and domestic opposition to the war as an act of American imperialism.
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The document compares American imperialism to that of other nations. After expanding across North America, the United States began projecting power outward, though faced resistance at home and abroad over democratic hypocrisy. As a former colony, America was reluctant to take on formal colonies unlike European empires. The US acquired the Philippines through two wars against Spain in 1898, and faced an independence movement led by Emilio Aguinaldo, though eventually established control through alliances with local elites, unlike the direct British imperial bureaucracy.
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The document compares American imperialism to that of other nations. After expanding across North America, the United States began projecting power outward, though faced resistance at home and abroad over democratic hypocrisy. As a former colony, America was reluctant to take on formal colonies unlike European empires. The US acquired the Philippines through two wars against Spain in 1898, and faced an independence movement led by Emilio Aguinaldo, though eventually established control through alliances with local elites, unlike the direct British imperial bureaucracy.
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After the War of 1812, Americans began feeling a stronger sense of national unity and identity. The Era of Good Feelings emerged as political divisions lessened. John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay proposed the American System to strengthen the economy through tariffs and infrastructure projects like roads and canals. The Erie Canal's success spurred further canal construction and economic growth. Meanwhile, Latin American countries like Mexico gained independence from Spain, opening new trade opportunities, while the U.S. acquired Florida through treaty and established the Monroe Doctrine barring future European colonization in the Americas.
Compromise Of 1850
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The document summarizes the rise of U.S. power through expansion and imperialism from the late 1800s to early 1900s. Key events included the Monroe Doctrine, the purchase of Alaska and Midway Islands, involvement in Hawaii and Samoa, pursuing economic opportunities in China through the Open Door policy, the Spanish-American War leading to control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines, and interventions in Latin America to protect business interests through policies like the Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy. The U.S. established itself as a world power during this time period through both peaceful trade and military action when its economic or strategic interests were threatened.
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War occurred between 1846 and 1848 and was caused by American overpopulation of Mexican lands and Mexico's failure to uphold contracts with the United States. President James K. Polk wanted the war to justify taking Mexican lands to fulfill Manifest Destiny and prevent European colonization. The war doubled the size of the United States and resulted in the Mexican Cession, giving the U.S. new lands and Mexicans American citizenship, but also reignited domestic issues over slavery and caused turmoil in Mexico.
Power point presentation mexican american war
The Mexican-American War occurred between 1846 and 1848 after a dispute over the annexation of Texas by the United States. The U.S. sought to expand across North America, while Mexico wanted to retain control over Texas. As a result of several U.S. victories, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed, with Mexico ceding over half of its territory, including California and New Mexico, to the U.S. in exchange for $15 million. While the U.S. achieved its expansionist goals, Mexico suffered significant losses of life and land that weakened its stability for years.
US History Ch 12.1
The document summarizes key events in early 19th century US history following the War of 1812. It discusses the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe, agreements that helped reduce tensions with Britain like the Rush-Bagot Agreement, the Adams-Onis Treaty that saw Spain cede Florida to the US, and the establishment of the Monroe Doctrine declaring European powers should not interfere or colonize in the Americas.
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The document discusses the Era of Good Feelings following the War of 1812 and the policies that strengthened nationalism and the federal government. Westerners advocated for internal improvements like roads and canals, while economic nationalists supported a national bank, tariffs, and manufacturing protections. Key Supreme Court cases under John Marshall expanded federal power and established judicial review. The US also expanded its territory through the Adams-Onis Treaty and asserted its influence in the Americas with the Monroe Doctrine.
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Alexander Hamilton
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The document summarizes Texas history from 1836 to 1845, beginning with Texas as part of Mexico and the growing tensions between Texians and the Mexican government. This led to the Texas Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of Texas after defeating Santa Anna at San Jacinto. There was then debate about whether Texas should become a state or independent nation before ultimately joining the United States through annexation in 1845. This annexation led to the Mexican-American War and the definition of Texas' modern boundaries.
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This document provides an overview of nation-building efforts in the Americas between the late 18th century and mid-19th century. It describes how Latin American countries gained independence from European rule, through leaders like Bolivar and San Martin, leading to the end of European dominance by 1824. It also outlines the expansion and strengthening of the United States through territorial growth, wars, and political and economic developments, until tensions over slavery erupted into the American Civil War in 1861.
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Chapter 14 section 4
1. In the late 18th century, revolutionary ideals from North America threatened European control over Latin America and inspired independence movements among the Creole elite classes.
2. Starting in the early 19th century, a series of nationalist revolts broke out across Latin America led by figures like Miguel Hidalgo in Mexico and Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar in South America, eventually resulting in independence from Spain and Portugal by the 1820s.
3. However, the new Latin American nations faced major difficulties in nation-building due to ongoing conflicts, economic dependence on Europe, and the domination of society by wealthy elites.
Latin America Revolutionary Movements
Latin American revolutionary movements in the early 19th century were led by creoles seeking independence from European colonial powers like Spain and Portugal. By the 1820s and 1830s, most Latin American states had gained independence, though political instability and authoritarian rule by military dictators were common. Independence did little to improve the conditions of indigenous and slave populations. Throughout the late 1800s, new revolutionary movements emerged seeking land reform, secular rule, and greater political participation as Latin American nations struggled with foreign economic domination and conflicts over land and resources with native groups.
Latin American Independence
Latin American nations gained independence from Spain in the early 1800s through revolutionary movements led by influential figures like Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. Discontent with colonial rule had been growing due to resentment of social hierarchies and the influence of Enlightenment ideas. The first successful revolution was in Haiti, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, who established the first independent black republic. Mexico gained independence after leaders like Miguel Hidalgo and Agustín de Iturbide led revolts against Spanish rule. South American nations established independence under leaders who fought to liberate their nations from Spain and unite them, though unification efforts like Gran Colombia ultimately failed. New nations faced ongoing challenges in building stable
Nation building in latin america
Between 1807-1825, most of Latin America gained independence from Spain and Portugal through nationalist revolts led by Creoles influenced by North American and French revolutions. In Haiti, slaves revolted in 1804 and established the first independent Latin American state. In Mexico, Miguel Hidalgo led an uprising that ultimately failed but helped spark Mexico's independence. Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar led revolutions across South America that liberated Central and South America from Spain. The Monroe Doctrine declared that European powers could no longer colonize the Americas.
28.3 united states economic imperialism
The document discusses United States economic imperialism in Latin America during the 19th century. After independence from European colonial powers, Latin American countries struggled with political instability under military dictators known as caudillos. Their economies remained focused on exporting raw materials, making them dependent on foreign trade. The United States and other powers increasingly pressured Latin America economically and politically through the century, culminating in the Roosevelt Corollary that justified U.S. intervention as an "international police power" in the region.
Latin American Revolution (2008 version)
The document summarizes the independence movements in Latin America from the early 1800s. It discusses the Haitian Revolution led by Toussaint L'Ouverture that established Haiti as the first black republic. It also discusses Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín's roles in leading independence movements across South America. Finally, it outlines the movements for independence in Mexico and Brazil that were led by creole elites and established new republics by the 1820s.
Ch8 Nationalist Revolutions
The document discusses the independence movements in Latin America from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It provides background information on the causes of discontent under Spanish rule, including the resentment felt by creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, and Native Americans towards the peninsulares. Key figures in the independence movements are also discussed, such as Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, Miguel Hidalgo, Bernardo O'Higgins, Agustin de Iturbide, and Pedro I of Brazil, as the various countries of Latin America worked to gain independence from Spain and Portugal in this time period.
The Long 19th Century
The document provides an overview of several historical events and periods in the Americas between the 18th and 19th centuries. It discusses the independence of Latin American countries from European powers, westward expansion and wars in North America, the immigration boom to the US, the establishment of governments in Canada and new Latin American states, as well as several conflicts including the US Civil War, Mexican-American War, and French intervention in Mexico. Key events and dates are outlined for each topic.
Latin American Independence
The document discusses the independence movements that swept across Latin America in the early 1800s, as liberal ideas spread and European powers like Spain and Portugal weakened. It describes key independence leaders like Bolivar and San Martin who led revolutionary armies against colonial rule, as well as Toussaint L'Ouverture who led a successful slave rebellion in Haiti. Although most countries gained independence in the 1820s-1830s, Latin America continued to struggle with instability, dependence on Europe, and oppression of indigenous groups in the decades that followed.
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The independence of the spanish colonies in america excelente1!
The independence of the spanish colonies in america excelente1!
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6.5 Finance & States’ Rights
Andrew Jackson fought against the Second Bank of the United States and states' rights to secession. Jackson believed the Bank had too much power and worked to undermine its influence by withdrawing federal funds and vetoing its charter renewal. This led to increased tensions between Jackson, Henry Clay, and the Whig Party. The Nullification Crisis further strained relations as South Carolina threatened to secede over high tariffs, which Jackson firmly opposed by threatening military enforcement of federal laws. The Jackson era came to an end as economic troubles hindered Van Buren's presidency and the Whigs gained power under William Henry Harrison.
6.4 Indian Removal
Despite a Supreme Court ruling in favor of the Cherokee nation, President Andrew Jackson refused to enforce it, leading over 100,000 Native Americans from the Southeast to be forcibly removed from their lands between 1838-1839 on what became known as the "Trail of Tears". Over 4,000 Cherokee died during the forced removal, with the majority being women, children, the sick, or elderly as they were marched over 1,000 miles to what is now Oklahoma.
6.3 The Age Of Jackson
During Andrew Jackson's presidency in the 1820s-1830s, there was a growing spirit of democracy in the US. The election of 1824 was contested, and though Andrew Jackson won the popular and electoral votes, it was decided by the House of Representatives, where John Quincy Adams was elected instead. This led Jackson's supporters to cry "corrupt bargain" and helped usher in the two-party system. Jackson went on to win the presidency in 1828 on behalf of the common man. His inauguration marked the rise of Jacksonian democracy and the spoils system of political appointments.
6.1 Building A National Identity
During the Era of Good Feelings under President James Monroe, the federal government took actions to strengthen national unity and the economy. The three branches of government increased federal power. Sectional and economic interests emerged between the North, South, and West. The Second Bank of the United States and the Tariff of 1816 aimed to stabilize currency and protect domestic manufacturing. The Supreme Court under John Marshall strengthened national supremacy and Congress' power over interstate commerce in three important rulings.
4.3 Troubles At Home & Abroad
Under Washington's presidency, the United States faced challenges from Native American tribes encouraged by the British in the Northwest Territory. General "Mad" Anthony Wayne defeated the tribes at the Battle of Fallen Timbers, forcing them to cede land. The French Revolution initially had American support but grew unpopular as the Reign of Terror began, dividing Federalists and Republicans. Washington declared American neutrality in the war between France and Britain. Britain's impressment of American sailors led to tensions until the signing of Jay's Treaty, which secured peace for 20 years but was unpopular. Washington retired after warning against political division and foreign entanglements.
4.4 The Presidency Of John Adams
During John Adams' presidency, political divisions grew as he struggled to maintain peace with France. Tensions increased after Jay's Treaty with Britain, as France attacked American ships and demanded bribes in the XYZ Affair. This led to the Quasi-War naval conflict between the U.S. and France from 1798-1800, which ended when Adams and Napoleon reached an agreement. Adams also signed the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, arresting journalists who criticized his government, increasing opposition to his presidency.
4.2 The Birth Of Political Parties
Two early American political parties, the Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson, began taking shape in response to disagreements over how to interpret the new Constitution. While George Washington was wary of factions, he supported most of Hamilton's financial policies over Jefferson's agrarian vision. The election of 1796 saw the first contested party presidential election between John Adams of the Federalists and Thomas Jefferson of the Democratic-Republicans, and featured negative campaigning tactics.
4.1 Launching A New Nation
George Washington oversaw the creation of new federal departments and asked Alexander Hamilton to address the nation's debt problem. Hamilton proposed a financial plan for the US government to assume all federal and state debts, charter a national bank, and impose tariffs on imported goods. This plan proved controversial, with northern states favoring it and southern states opposing it. It established precedents for paying off debts, convincing others to invest in the country, and using tariffs to raise money and protect domestic manufacturers. However, Hamilton's whiskey tax to generate new federal revenues led to the Whiskey Rebellion by western Pennsylvania farmers, which Washington helped quell by sending troops.
5.1 Jefferson Takes Office
Thomas Jefferson hoped to enact sweeping changes as the newly elected president in 1800, defeating John Adams in a bitter election where Aaron Burr tied Jefferson in the electoral college. Jefferson charted a new course by limiting federal power and taking a strict view of the Constitution, while keeping some of Hamilton's economic policies. The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison, failing to curb the judicial branch's power as Jefferson intended.
5.2 The Louisiana Purchase
The document discusses the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition. Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore the vast western territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase. Their expedition crossed the continental divide and reached the Pacific Ocean, bringing back new information about the continent. Pike was also sent on an expedition to explore the Southwest territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, though he was briefly imprisoned by the Spanish who suspected him of spying.
5.3 A Time Of Conflict
The document summarizes several conflicts involving the United States in the early 1800s. It discusses conflicts with Britain at sea over merchant shipping and impressment of American sailors. It also discusses conflicts with Native Americans led by Tecumseh and his brother the Prophet seeking to resist American expansion. Additionally, it outlines America's conflicts with the Barbary States over tribute payments and Jefferson's failed embargo against Britain and France in response to interference with American shipping.
5.4 The War Of 1812
The War of 1812 began as American nationalism grew and the British continued impressing American sailors and supporting Native American attacks on American settlers. While the early battles mostly favored Britain, key American victories like Perry's victory on Lake Erie and Jackson's victory at New Orleans boosted American morale. Though the Treaty of Ghent ended the war before these final American victories, many Americans saw the war as vindicating the nation's honor against Britain.
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6.2 Dealing With Other Nations
- 1. Dealing With Other Nations By issuing the Monroe Doctrine the United States signaled its interest in shaping events in the Americas.