6.1 digestion
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Digestion is the breakdown of large food molecules using enzymes so that they can be absorbed through the plasma membrane. It occurs through a series of steps where the food is broken down in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine by enzymes. In the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed into the blood through villi, which are finger-like projections containing capillaries and lacteals that increase the surface area for absorption.
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Human digestion _ch[1]._35![Human digestion _ch[1]._35](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
The document outlines the human digestive system and the process of digestion. It describes the four stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. It then details each organ of the digestive tract and its role in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. The organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Accessory organs like the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder aid in digestion.
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The document summarizes the human digestive system process from mouth to anus. It describes the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that occurs in each part of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Key processes involve teeth and enzyme breakdown of food, nutrient absorption in the small intestine, and elimination of waste from the large intestine and anus.
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The document summarizes the human digestive system process from mouth to anus. It describes the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that occurs in each part of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Key processes involve teeth and enzyme breakdown of food, nutrient absorption in the small intestine, and elimination of waste from the large intestine and anus.
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The digestive system breaks down complex molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. The main organs involved include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Enzymes play a key role in digestion, breaking down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in different parts of the digestive tract so the resulting molecules can be absorbed and used for energy, structure, and other functions.
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The document discusses digestion, absorption, and metabolism. It describes how digestion breaks down food in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine into absorbable nutrients like monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids. Absorption then occurs as these nutrients pass into the bloodstream or lymphatic system to be used for metabolism, the chemical reactions that use nutrients to build tissues, regulate functions, and supply energy. Indigestible matter like fiber moves to the large intestine where little absorption occurs.
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Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which secretes hormones that target other endocrine glands like the thyroid. During digestion, glands like the stomach, pancreas, and intestines secrete enzymes and juices to break down food into absorbable nutrients. The small intestine absorbs these nutrients through epithelial cells lining villi using various transport mechanisms, then releases them into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
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The digestive system breaks down food, removes waste, and takes time to function. It begins in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva before being swallowed. The stomach stores and breaks down food into smaller particles for further digestion in the small intestine, pancreas, and liver which produce enzymes to break down nutrients. The large intestine absorbs water and stores waste before it is removed from the body by the gallbladder and digestive liquids.
Chemical digestion in the small intestine
The small intestine completes the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids through the actions of pancreatic enzymes, bile, and brush border enzymes. Starches are broken down into sugars, proteins into amino acids and small peptides, and triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol through the combined actions of these secretions and enzymes. The resulting molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream through active transport, facilitated diffusion, or micelle formation. Any undigested material passes to the large intestine where bacteria further break it down before unabsorbed waste is eliminated as feces.
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The document outlines the human digestive system and the process of digestion. It describes the four stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. It then details each organ of the digestive tract and its role in mechanical and chemical breakdown of food. The organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. Accessory organs like the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder aid in digestion.
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The digestive system breaks down complex molecules like proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. The main organs involved include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Enzymes play a key role in digestion, breaking down proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates in different parts of the digestive tract so the resulting molecules can be absorbed and used for energy, structure, and other functions.
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Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate various physiological processes. The hypothalamus controls the pituitary gland, which secretes hormones that target other endocrine glands like the thyroid. During digestion, glands like the stomach, pancreas, and intestines secrete enzymes and juices to break down food into absorbable nutrients. The small intestine absorbs these nutrients through epithelial cells lining villi using various transport mechanisms, then releases them into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
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The digestive system breaks down food, removes waste, and takes time to function. It begins in the mouth where food is chewed and mixed with saliva before being swallowed. The stomach stores and breaks down food into smaller particles for further digestion in the small intestine, pancreas, and liver which produce enzymes to break down nutrients. The large intestine absorbs water and stores waste before it is removed from the body by the gallbladder and digestive liquids.
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The small intestine completes the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids through the actions of pancreatic enzymes, bile, and brush border enzymes. Starches are broken down into sugars, proteins into amino acids and small peptides, and triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol through the combined actions of these secretions and enzymes. The resulting molecules are then absorbed into the bloodstream through active transport, facilitated diffusion, or micelle formation. Any undigested material passes to the large intestine where bacteria further break it down before unabsorbed waste is eliminated as feces.
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The document summarizes the key structures and processes involved in human digestion. It describes the major organs that make up the human digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It then explains the five main stages of digestion - ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine, absorption in the small intestine, and excretion from the large intestine and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas and gallbladder are also discussed.
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The document summarizes gastrointestinal physiology, focusing on digestion and absorption. It describes how carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into smaller fragments by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. The fragments are then absorbed in the small intestine. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides like glucose and fructose. Proteins become amino acids. Fats are converted into fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are absorbed with the help of bile and form micelles. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine through active transport or diffusion.
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1) Digestion of large food molecules is essential because molecules must pass through cell membranes to be absorbed and used. During digestion, food molecules are broken down into their smallest components like amino acids and monosaccharides that can then pass through membranes.
2) Enzymes are needed for digestion to break down food molecules. They lower the activation energy of reactions, allowing reactions to occur at normal body temperatures rather than higher temperatures.
3) The small intestine absorbs most digested nutrients through villi in its walls, which increase surface area for absorption into capillaries and lacteals. Nutrients are then transported throughout the body.
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The document discusses the digestive system and key nutrient groups. It begins by outlining the main nutrient groups - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, and water. It then provides details on the digestive system, including the organs involved and their functions. It explains that digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. The roles of enzymes and absorption are also outlined. Finally, it discusses how digestive systems vary between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores depending on their diet.
Digestive system
The digestive system breaks down food into chemicals that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food moves through the esophagus to the stomach where it is broken down and then enters the small intestine, where digestion continues for 4-8 hours before moving to the large intestine where waste is stored for 10-12 hours before exiting the body.
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The human digestive tract begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. It contains major structures like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Digestion involves ingestion, digestion through mechanical and chemical breakdown, absorption of nutrients, assimilation into cells, and excretion of waste. The small intestine plays a key role in absorption of digested food like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids through villi into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
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The human digestive system breaks down food into smaller particles through a series of organs so they can be absorbed and distributed to nourish the body. It consists of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and other glands. Food is ingested, broken down mechanically and chemically, absorbed, and waste is eliminated through complex muscular movements and secretions of enzymes from various organs.
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The human digestive tract begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. It includes structures like the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Digestion involves ingestion, digestion through mechanical and chemical breakdown, absorption of nutrients, assimilation by cells, and excretion of waste. The small intestine is the main site of absorption, where villi and microvilli increase surface area for nutrient uptake into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before excretion.
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The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. There are four stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion. The major organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal sphincter. The stomach secretes acid to break down food into chyme, while the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder produce enzymes and bile to further break down nutrients for absorption in the small intestine. Wastes are then stored and removed from the body through the large intestine, rectum, and anal sphincter.
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The document describes key aspects of digestion, including:
1) The process of peristalsis which uses waves of muscle contractions to move food through the digestive system.
2) How complex substances like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down by enzymes from the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines.
3) The roles of digestive juices and substances like bile in chemically breaking down food molecules so they can be absorbed in the small intestine.
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This document discusses digestion and absorption of food. It begins by outlining the biological and medical importance of digestion and absorption. The major sites of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive juices involved are described. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed. Carbohydrates are digested into monosaccharides like glucose and galactose. Proteins are digested into amino acids through the action of proteases. Lipids are broken into fatty acids and glycerol. The absorbed nutrients are then transported through the intestinal mucosa and into circulation. Clinical conditions related to deficiencies in digestion and absorption are also mentioned.
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The digestive system is made up of a series of organs that form a long twisting pipe from the mouth to the anus, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Food moves through this system over 4-6 hours, getting broken down by digestive juices in the stomach and small intestine before passing through the large intestine. Kidneys also play a role by filtering liquids from digested food into the bloodstream and bladder. The digestive system breaks food down into nutrients to fuel the body and allow it to function.
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The document summarizes the key organs of the digestive system and their functions. It describes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It explains that the digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and uses metabolism to produce energy. The organs work together through processes like chewing, swallowing, peristalsis, and the secretion of enzymes to digest food.
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The digestive system breaks down food, converts it to energy, and removes waste from the body. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Food is chewed in the mouth, passed through the esophagus into the stomach, and then enters the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed and remaining waste enters the large intestine to be excreted. The liver filters out toxins from the blood and produces bile while the pancreas releases enzymes and hormones like insulin and glucagon to aid digestion.
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The document summarizes the human digestive system. It describes how digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The digestive system includes the digestive tract of hollow organs running from the mouth to anus, as well as glands that produce juices to digest food. Food moves through peristalsis, and is broken down by enzymes, before nutrients are absorbed and waste is expelled. Key hormones like gastrin, secretin, and CCK regulate digestion by stimulating glands.
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The document discusses the process of digestion in animals. It begins by explaining that digestion breaks down important substances like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids that the body needs. It then covers the differences between plant and animal nutrition, and discusses how digestion provides evidence of evolution. Various aspects of digestion systems are explained, including intracellular and extracellular digestion. The stages of digestion - ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination - are outlined. Key organs involved in digestion like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine are described along with their functions. Hormones that regulate digestion are also mentioned.
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This document discusses animal nutrition and digestion. It begins by defining animal nutrition and describing the major nutrients needed by animals. It then describes the alimentary canal and digestive system, noting key parts like the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Several sections provide details on digestion in different types of animals like cattle, pigs, and birds. The document discusses the roles of the liver, pancreas, saliva, stomach acids, and more in breaking down food. It also covers absorption of nutrients and the differences between ruminant and non-ruminant digestion.
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The document discusses the digestive systems of various animals. It notes that herbivores like cows have complex multi-chambered stomachs suited for breaking down plant fibers. Some animals ferment food in their foreguts while others ferment in their hindguts. The document also contains diagrams and descriptions of human digestive system components like the stomach, small intestine, pancreas and liver.
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The document provides an overview of the digestive system, including its main components and functions. It discusses the roles and structures of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Key points covered include the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats by digestive enzymes, and the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The digestive tract protects itself through secretions, peristalsis and layers of tissue.
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The document summarizes animal nutrition and digestion. It discusses essential nutrients including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water. It also describes the four main stages of food processing - ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination. Key parts of the digestive system are outlined including the mouth, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine. The roles of different digestive organs and enzymes in breaking down and absorbing nutrients are summarized.
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The document summarizes animal nutrition and digestion. It discusses essential nutrients including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, minerals and water. It also describes the four main stages of food processing - ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination. Key parts of the digestive system are outlined including the mouth, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, large intestine. The roles of different digestive organs and enzymes in breaking down and absorbing nutrients are summarized.
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The document summarizes the key structures and processes involved in human digestion. It describes the major organs that make up the human digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. It then explains the five main stages of digestion - ingestion, mechanical and chemical digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine, absorption in the small intestine, and excretion from the large intestine and anus. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas and gallbladder are also discussed.
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The document summarizes gastrointestinal physiology, focusing on digestion and absorption. It describes how carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into smaller fragments by enzymes in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. The fragments are then absorbed in the small intestine. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides like glucose and fructose. Proteins become amino acids. Fats are converted into fatty acids and monoglycerides, which are absorbed with the help of bile and form micelles. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine through active transport or diffusion.
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1) Digestion of large food molecules is essential because molecules must pass through cell membranes to be absorbed and used. During digestion, food molecules are broken down into their smallest components like amino acids and monosaccharides that can then pass through membranes.
2) Enzymes are needed for digestion to break down food molecules. They lower the activation energy of reactions, allowing reactions to occur at normal body temperatures rather than higher temperatures.
3) The small intestine absorbs most digested nutrients through villi in its walls, which increase surface area for absorption into capillaries and lacteals. Nutrients are then transported throughout the body.
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The document discusses the digestive system and key nutrient groups. It begins by outlining the main nutrient groups - proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and minerals, and water. It then provides details on the digestive system, including the organs involved and their functions. It explains that digestion involves both physical and chemical breakdown of food. The roles of enzymes and absorption are also outlined. Finally, it discusses how digestive systems vary between herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores depending on their diet.
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The digestive system breaks down food into chemicals that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food moves through the esophagus to the stomach where it is broken down and then enters the small intestine, where digestion continues for 4-8 hours before moving to the large intestine where waste is stored for 10-12 hours before exiting the body.
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The human digestive tract begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. It contains major structures like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Digestion involves ingestion, digestion through mechanical and chemical breakdown, absorption of nutrients, assimilation into cells, and excretion of waste. The small intestine plays a key role in absorption of digested food like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids through villi into the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
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The human digestive system breaks down food into smaller particles through a series of organs so they can be absorbed and distributed to nourish the body. It consists of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and other glands. Food is ingested, broken down mechanically and chemically, absorbed, and waste is eliminated through complex muscular movements and secretions of enzymes from various organs.
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The human digestive tract begins with the mouth and ends with the anus. It includes structures like the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Digestion involves ingestion, digestion through mechanical and chemical breakdown, absorption of nutrients, assimilation by cells, and excretion of waste. The small intestine is the main site of absorption, where villi and microvilli increase surface area for nutrient uptake into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Undigested material then moves to the large intestine where water is absorbed before excretion.
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The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. There are four stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion. The major organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anal sphincter. The stomach secretes acid to break down food into chyme, while the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder produce enzymes and bile to further break down nutrients for absorption in the small intestine. Wastes are then stored and removed from the body through the large intestine, rectum, and anal sphincter.
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The document describes key aspects of digestion, including:
1) The process of peristalsis which uses waves of muscle contractions to move food through the digestive system.
2) How complex substances like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down by enzymes from the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver, and intestines.
3) The roles of digestive juices and substances like bile in chemically breaking down food molecules so they can be absorbed in the small intestine.
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This document discusses digestion and absorption of food. It begins by outlining the biological and medical importance of digestion and absorption. The major sites of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract and the digestive juices involved are described. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are broken down into smaller molecules so they can be absorbed. Carbohydrates are digested into monosaccharides like glucose and galactose. Proteins are digested into amino acids through the action of proteases. Lipids are broken into fatty acids and glycerol. The absorbed nutrients are then transported through the intestinal mucosa and into circulation. Clinical conditions related to deficiencies in digestion and absorption are also mentioned.
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The digestive system is made up of a series of organs that form a long twisting pipe from the mouth to the anus, including the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Food moves through this system over 4-6 hours, getting broken down by digestive juices in the stomach and small intestine before passing through the large intestine. Kidneys also play a role by filtering liquids from digested food into the bloodstream and bladder. The digestive system breaks food down into nutrients to fuel the body and allow it to function.
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The document summarizes the key organs of the digestive system and their functions. It describes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It explains that the digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and uses metabolism to produce energy. The organs work together through processes like chewing, swallowing, peristalsis, and the secretion of enzymes to digest food.
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The digestive system breaks down food, converts it to energy, and removes waste from the body. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. Food is chewed in the mouth, passed through the esophagus into the stomach, and then enters the small intestine where nutrients are absorbed and remaining waste enters the large intestine to be excreted. The liver filters out toxins from the blood and produces bile while the pancreas releases enzymes and hormones like insulin and glucagon to aid digestion.
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The document summarizes the human digestive system. It describes how digestion breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. The digestive system includes the digestive tract of hollow organs running from the mouth to anus, as well as glands that produce juices to digest food. Food moves through peristalsis, and is broken down by enzymes, before nutrients are absorbed and waste is expelled. Key hormones like gastrin, secretin, and CCK regulate digestion by stimulating glands.
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The document discusses the process of digestion in animals. It begins by explaining that digestion breaks down important substances like proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids that the body needs. It then covers the differences between plant and animal nutrition, and discusses how digestion provides evidence of evolution. Various aspects of digestion systems are explained, including intracellular and extracellular digestion. The stages of digestion - ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination - are outlined. Key organs involved in digestion like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine are described along with their functions. Hormones that regulate digestion are also mentioned.
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This document discusses animal nutrition and digestion. It begins by defining animal nutrition and describing the major nutrients needed by animals. It then describes the alimentary canal and digestive system, noting key parts like the mouth, stomach, and intestines. Several sections provide details on digestion in different types of animals like cattle, pigs, and birds. The document discusses the roles of the liver, pancreas, saliva, stomach acids, and more in breaking down food. It also covers absorption of nutrients and the differences between ruminant and non-ruminant digestion.
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The document discusses the digestive systems of various animals. It notes that herbivores like cows have complex multi-chambered stomachs suited for breaking down plant fibers. Some animals ferment food in their foreguts while others ferment in their hindguts. The document also contains diagrams and descriptions of human digestive system components like the stomach, small intestine, pancreas and liver.
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The document provides an overview of the digestive system, including its main components and functions. It discusses the roles and structures of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Key points covered include the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats by digestive enzymes, and the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. The digestive tract protects itself through secretions, peristalsis and layers of tissue.
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This document discusses digestion and metabolism of nutrients. It describes the process of digestion which begins in the mouth and progresses through the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. The three main steps are digestion, absorption, and assimilation. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down into simpler forms and absorbed into the bloodstream where they are used for energy, tissue repair, and other metabolic processes before being excreted as waste. Proper digestion and utilization of nutrients from food is essential for health and bodily functions.
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This document discusses enzyme digestion in the human digestive system. It explains that chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. The major organs involved include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The pancreas produces enzymes that digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the small intestine. Hydrolysis is the process by which enzymes break bonds between larger nutrient molecules, converting carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into simpler forms like sugars, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids that can be absorbed. Different enzymes are involved in digesting each macronutrient type at various locations along the digestive tract.
Digestion2.
The document discusses digestion in animals. It describes different modes of feeding like intracellular vs extracellular digestion. It also discusses incomplete and complete digestion. It then describes digestion in humans, including the roles of the mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Key processes discussed include mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes.
6.1 digestion
The document provides information about the human digestive system. It defines digestion and its five basic functions: ingestion, peristalsis, digestion, absorption, and egestion. It explains why digestion of large food molecules is necessary and the role of enzymes in speeding up chemical digestion. Key details are provided about the stomach, small intestine, large intestine and their functions. Absorption and assimilation are distinguished. The structure and role of villi in absorption is described.
2.19 Human Digestion Cambridge IGSSE Biology
Mechanical and chemical digestion break down food in the digestive system. Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown of food using teeth and muscle movement. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed. Most absorption occurs in the small intestine where enzymes from the pancreas and liver further break down nutrients into smaller molecules that pass into the bloodstream.
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What the research says about attendance
Attendance is strongly correlated with academic achievement and graduation rates. Students who miss school frequently are more likely to have lower test scores and drop out of high school. Dropping out is usually a gradual process that begins with disengagement from school as early as first grade. The three main factors influencing a student's decision to drop out are academic failure, social and economic issues, and lack of adult guidance. Poor attendance, grades, failure to be promoted, and classroom disengagement are key indicators that a student may drop out, and these signs can be identified as early as sixth grade. Schools should closely monitor attendance, especially for ninth graders, in the first month of school as missing just 10 days or more in the first
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This document outlines the consequences for various offenses at a school. It lists the number of detentions, suspensions, or possible expulsions for first, second, third and additional offenses of class cutting, leaving school grounds, disruptive behavior, inappropriate language, disrespect, defiance, fighting, using electronic devices, tobacco, alcohol, drugs, weapons, stealing, threats to adults, vandalism, skipping detentions, misrepresentation, harassment, major disruptions, cheating, inappropriate technology use, tardiness, and food fights. Consequences range from detention to out of school suspension to possible expulsion depending on the severity and frequency of the offense.
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The document outlines ideas for a "Dean of Students" program to improve student attendance and engagement. Some key points include:
1) Identifying students with attendance issues, especially 9th and 10th graders, and having them meet with the Dean of Students during a dedicated class period to discuss performance, attendance, and obstacles.
2) Utilizing various community resources and establishing mentoring relationships to provide students with support, career counseling, recreational activities, jobs, and a sense of purpose and belonging at school.
3) Coordinating with parents through home visits, parenting classes, and contracts to improve attendance through accountability and buy-in.
4) Using immediate discipline like phone confiscation or
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This document outlines the steps a teacher should take to address attendance issues like unexcused absences and tardies. For a first unexcused absence, the teacher contacts the student, parent, and counselor. For a second absence, a parent conference is required. After five unexcused absences, an attendance contract is written. For tardies, conferences are held with the student and then parent involvement increases with additional tardies, up to notifying the truancy officer.
Attendance dean
Donna Hogan keeps an attendance office and meets with students who have early attendance issues to prevent negative patterns from developing. For freshmen and sophomores with attendance problems, Lancer Time is provided, where they complete work without breaks under teacher supervision until dismissal. The school aims to implement home visits, parenting classes, and contracts to improve attendance through positive behavioral supports.
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Plants can adapt to survive in extreme environments like deserts or bodies of water through specialized structures and processes. Xerophytes, or desert plants, have adaptations like deep, widespread root systems to access water, short lifecycles, thick waxy cuticles to prevent water loss, and opening stomata at night to take in carbon dioxide without losing much water. Hydrophytes, or water plants, have adaptations like air spaces to allow floating, and breathing roots that grow above the water to access carbon dioxide.
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Unit 3 notes
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The document discusses several topics related to human health and physiology:
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The document discusses gas exchange and the human respiratory and nervous systems. It provides details on:
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- 1. Carolyn, Shannon, Pavina, Brittany, Emmelyn 6.1: Digestion - Digestion-breaking down of large food molecules using enzymes - Ingestion- intake of food macromolecules - Absorption- digested food molecules going into the blood through the plasma membrane - Assimilation- molecules taken up by cells for use and continuing metabolizing - Excretion-waste products removed from the blood and released as urine - Egestion- materials not digested Being that polymers are insoluble, digestion is required in order for the macromolecules to be broken down and absorbed through the plasma membrane. Hydrolysis occurs to break down large organic molecules. Digestive enzymes are used in catabolic reactions to break down larger molecules. Enzymes lower activation energy of reaction which in turn does not require high temperatures for reaction. Digestion occurs in a series of steps: - Mouth chews food; saliva moistens food in order to swallow; salivary amylase chemically digests starch - Oesophagus pushes food into stomach - Stomach continues digestion; acid kills bacteria; pepsin begins digestion of proteins - (duodenum) Small intestine- pancreatic amylase and lipase digest carbohydrates and fats; trypsin digest polypeptides to amino acids - (ileum) small intestine- absorbs nutrients into the blood through the villi - Large intestine- water reclaimed and returned to blood - Egestion – faeces forced out of the anus Villi (finger-like projections in small intestine) structures: - Capillary: carries blood to and fro - Lacteal-transport fat to circulatory system - Mitochondria- generate ATP - Microvilli- Increase surface area for absorption