A switchyard contains only transmission equipment and operates at a single voltage level to deliver power from a generation plant directly to the transmission grid. A substation uses transformers to step-up or step-down voltage for efficient transmission over long distances and distribution to meet varying consumer needs, including homes, businesses, and industrial facilities like factories. Substations are placed at regular intervals along transmission lines based on the power requirements of downstream consumers. They provide voltage transformations and bypass capabilities to transmit electricity to multiple locations.
COVERS THE LAYOUT AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION WITH AN EYE ON EASY MAINTENANCE .The layouts were evolved by the author and his associate for use by power boards
COVERS THE LAYOUT AVAILABLE FOR ADOPTION WITH AN EYE ON EASY MAINTENANCE .The layouts were evolved by the author and his associate for use by power boards
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
Electrical substation (one and half breaker scheme)Sourabh sharma
Double Bus One and Half Breaker Scheme is mostly adopted in high voltage electrical substations (220 KV or 400KV, 700 KV). Due to many advantages of this arrangement like high selectivity, reliability and less cost as compare to other bus arrangements for power stations or switch yards
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
The following topics will be covered: the definition of a substation, an overview of the different type of substations and the functions of substations
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
Electrical substation (one and half breaker scheme)Sourabh sharma
Double Bus One and Half Breaker Scheme is mostly adopted in high voltage electrical substations (220 KV or 400KV, 700 KV). Due to many advantages of this arrangement like high selectivity, reliability and less cost as compare to other bus arrangements for power stations or switch yards
Practical handbook-for-relay-protection-engineersSARAVANAN A
The ‘Hand Book’ covers the Code of Practice in Protection Circuitry including standard lead and device numbers, mode of connections at terminal strips, colour codes in multicore cables, Dos and Donts in execution. Also, principles of various protective relays and schemes including special protection schemes like differential,
restricted, directional and distance relays are explained with sketches. The norms of protection of generators, transformers, lines & Capacitor Banks are also given.
The following topics will be covered: the definition of a substation, an overview of the different type of substations and the functions of substations
High voltage electricity refers to electrical potential large enough to cause injury or damage. In certain industries, high voltage refers to voltage above a certain threshold. Equipment and conductors that carry high voltage warrant special safety requirements and procedures.
Detail of the insulators (the vertical string of discs) and conductor vibration dampers (the weights attached directly to the cables) on a 275,000 volt suspension pylon near Thornbury, South Gloucestershire, England. In some countries, pylons for high and extra-high voltage are usually designed to carry two or more electric circuits. For double circuit lines in Germany, the “Danube” towers or more rarely, the “fir tree” towers, are usually used. If a line is constructed using pylons designed to carry several circuits, it is not necessary to install all the circuits at the time of construction. Medium voltage circuits are often erected on the same pylons as 110 kV lines. Paralleling circuits of 380 kV, 220 kV and 110 kV-lines on the same pylons is common. Sometimes, especially with 110 kV-circuits, a parallel circuit carries traction lines for railway electrification
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.
Indoor & outdoor substations, an overviewH. Kheir
An introduction to: Types of substations, Elements of substations,
Classifying criterion of substations,
Medium voltage switchgear assemblies & CBs,
Outdoor circuit breakers,
Outdoor disconnect switches,
Indoor & outdoor instrument transformers,
Protection, PLCs & SCADA, Lightning arresters,
Cables, cable/bus ducts & control wires, Communication protocols and Standards
Design of substation (with Transformer Design) SayanSarkar55
This ppt is made for the subject Machine Design. Here the basic types, equipment, designs of substation is described with the preocess and calculation of designing a transformer also.
1. CHARLES ISIADINSO
SUBSTATION & SUBSTATION
A switchyard is a substation without step-up or step-down
transformers. It located just outside the power station and operates
only at a single voltage level. Its primary use is to deliver power
generated to the grid. The 3-phase electric current leaves the
generator via isolated-phase buses, which are connected to a
generator busbar (a metal bar used to transfer electricity to the
switchyard), each isolated-phase bus is connected to a separate
generator busbar as a preventive measure, so if there is a problem
in one busbar, the other two phases aren’t affected and the plant
can still supply electricity. This is especially useful during
maintenance and repairs as one busbar can be taken offline, but
the plant can still supply the grid, even if it is two-third power.
Substations, however, use a generator step-up transformer to step-
up (or down) the voltage of electricity flowing through
transmission lines. Substations exists along the transmission
network to step-up (or down) the voltage of electricity to an
appropriate level to comply with consumer needs.
The grid works such that electricity leaving the plant is stepped-up
for efficient transmission; the voltage is too high to be consumed
2. CHARLES ISIADINSO
directly so as the transmission network approaches consumers (e.g.
homes and businesses), it passes through a substation, which steps
the voltage down. Electricity leaving this first substation is usually
still at a very high voltage so, further along the line, electricity
passes through another substation. The number of substations is
determined by the power requirements of the consumers. For
example, if there is a large bread factory on the same line, but
ahead of, a small town, there will be a substation to step down the
voltage to one close to the requirements of the bread factory, but
still significantly higher that that of the town first then the
electricity will then flow through another substation further closer
to the factory, which will step voltage down to meet the factory’s
requirements before being supplied to the factory. After the
factory, electricity will flow through a further substation and here
the voltage will be stepped-down to one suitable for the town.
Small step-down transformers will reduce the voltage further
before electricity is supplied to homes and shops. Electricity
leaving the town passes through a substation to step-up the voltage
again so it can be efficiently transmitted to the next set of
consumers.
The substation also has provisions for bypass, so if electricity is
being transmitted to a set of towns, one small another very large,
not all electricity entering the small town substation will be
stepped-down, some will bypass the substation and carryon to the
large town substation, this is especially the case if the distance
between the two towns is large. A typical mid network substation is
shown below, with the blue line being the bypass line and the red
lines, being the step-up (or down) line(s).
Components of the substation above are:
3. CHARLES ISIADINSO
1. Primary and secondary power lines (1 and 12 respectively)
2. Ground wire
3. Transmission lines
4. Transformer (used to measure primary line voltage)
5. Disconnect switches
6. Circuit breakers
7. Current transformer
8. Arrester/insulators (protects against lightning)
9. Main step-up (or down) transformer
10.Control building
11.Security fence
REFERENCE:
1. "Transformer."Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 16 June
2014. Web. [Accessed16 June 2014].
2. "Electric Power Transmission."Wikipedia. Wikimedia
Foundation, 15 June 2014. Web. [Accessed 16 June 2014].
3. "Electrical Substation." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 30
June 2014. Web. [Accesses 03 July 2014].
4. "Substations." High Voltage Substations & Substations. Beta
Engineering, n.d. Web. [Accessed03 July 2014].
5. "Busbar." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 June 2014.
Web. {Accessed 03 July 2014}.