5 Reasons You’re Getting Less Accurate Soil Moisture Release Curves
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How do I characterize expansive soils? Will water drain through the soil quickly or be retained? How can I predict deep drainage or runoff? What if you could get an inside picture of the soil moisture relationships that cause these issues? A soil-water characteristic curve shows the relationship between water content and soil suction. And it’s one of the most powerful diagnostic and predictive tools. Learn about what soil-water characteristic curves are and why they’re so powerful.
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Soil Moisture 201: Moisture Release Curves
Are you interested in the water stored in the soil? Do you care more about water available for primary productivity? Are you studying water and solute movement in soils? Do you aim to optimize water use of crops? Are you modeling soil hydrology?
After this webinar you will:
• You will have a better understanding of the importance of water potential
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Water content can leave you in the dark
Everybody measures soil water content because it’s easy. But if you’re only measuring water content, you may be blind to what your plants are really experiencing.
Soil moisture is more complex than estimating how much water is used by vegetation and how much needs to be replaced. If you’re thinking about it that way, you’re only seeing half the picture. You’re assuming you know what the right level of water should be—and that’s extremely difficult using only a water content sensor.
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Presenter
Holly Lane has a BS in agricultural biotechnology from Washington State University and an MS in plant breeding from Texas A&M, where she focused on phenomics work in maize. She has a broad range of experience with both fundamental and applied research in agriculture and worked in both the public and private sectors on sustainability and science advocacy projects. Through the tri-societies, she advocated for agricultural research funding in DC. Currently, Holly is an application expert and inside sales consultant with METER Environment.
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Crop steering can optimize crop production and production costs, but to crop steer successfully, you need to do it right. You have to understand how to obtain the right soil water contents and soil electrical conductivities to either stress the crop or avoid stressing the crop in a controlled way. To do this, you’ll need to perform crop steering calculations.
Steer your way to higher quality, productivity, and profit
In part 3 of our greenhouse webinar series, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, internationally recognized soil physics and environmental measurement expert, teaches how to perform crop steering calculations that give you the information you need to stress or de-stress your crop at the right time and in the right way to achieve your goals. In this 30-minute webinar you’ll learn:
The water balance equation
- How to calculate the irrigation amount
- How to calculate the transpiration variables that affect recharge drainage, and changes in stored water
- How to determine the field capacity of the substrate
- Environmental factors that influence the water balance
- How to determine the leaching fraction
- How to manage substrate electrical conductivity
crop steering, environment, field capacity, gaylon campbell, indoor cultivation, irrigation, leaching fraction, substrate electrical conductivity, transpiration, water balance, webinarPredictable Yields Using Remote and Field Monitoring
What happens when you take satellite products and add soil water potential data?
New data sources offer tools for growers to optimize production in the field. But the task of implementing them is often difficult. Research work is underway and offers a guide on how data from soil and space can work together to make the job of irrigation scheduling easier.
In this presentation, METER’s Dr. Colin Campbell explains the formula for prescribing irrigation events that will get you the yields you want.
Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield
Part 1: Substrates and Water
Stop guessing. Start measuring.
When you irrigate in a greenhouse or growth chamber, you need to get the most out of your substrate so you can maximize the yield and quality of your product. But if you’re lifting a pot to gauge how much water is in the substrate, it’s going to be difficult—if not impossible—to achieve your goals. To complicate matters, soil substrates and potting mixes are some of the most challenging media in which to get the water exactly right.
Without accurate measurements or the right measurements, you’ll be blind to what your plants are really experiencing. And that’s a problem, because irrigating incorrectly will reduce yield, derail the quality of your product, deprive the roots of oxygen, and increase risk of disease.
Supercharge yield, quality—and profit
At METER, we know how to irrigate substrates. We’ve been measuring soil moisture for over 40 years. Join Dr. Gaylon Campbell, founder, soil physicist, and one of the world’s foremost authorities on soil, plant, and atmospheric measurements, for a series of irrigation webinars designed to help you correctly control your crop environment to achieve maximum results. In this 30-minute webinar, learn:
Why substrates hold water differently than normal soil
How the properties of different substrates and potting mixes compare
Why it’s difficult if not impossible to irrigate correctly without accurately measuring the amount of water in the substrate
The fundamentals of measuring soil moisture: specifically water content and electrical conductivity
How measuring soil moisture helps you get the most out of the substrate you choose, so you can improve your product
Easy tools you can use to measure soil water in a greenhouse or growth chamber to maximize yields and minimize inputs
Irrigation Management: Plant-Water Relations and Atmospheric Demand
Soil moisture data are useful, but they can’t tell us everything. Other strategies for growers, like plant and weather monitoring, can inform irrigation scheduling decisions.
In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Gaylon Campbell will explore options for managing irrigation beyond soil moisture. Learn the why and how of scheduling irrigation using plant or atmospheric measurements. Understand canopy temperature and its role in detecting water stress of crops. Plus, discover when plant water information is necessary and which measurement(s) to use.
Here’s what we’ll cover:
• Estimating crop water use with reference evapotranspiration (ET)
• Relationships between plant water potential and water stress
• Options for scheduling deficit or controlled stress irrigation
• Water stress and canopy conductance from canopy temperature
How to improve irrigation scheduling using soil moisture
By: Dr. Gaylon S. Campbell
Every irrigator wishes for tools that answer the fundamental questions: when do I turn the water on and when do I turn the water off? The challenge is figuring out the right ones and implementing them effectively. New sensor technology and cloud computing offer new opportunities to growers, but it is often unclear how to put these into practice.
In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Gaylon Campbell will cover the different methods for irrigation water management and the pros and cons of each. Best practices for soil moisture monitoring and costs of improper irrigation scheduling will also be discussed.
Learn:
• Why we schedule irrigation
• Different methods used by growers to decide when to irrigate
• Steps for scheduling irrigation using soil moisture
• Results from good management and the consequences of mistakes
Water Potential 101: What It Is. Why You Need It. How To Use It.
Soil is no longer a black box. Advances in sensor technology and software now make it easy to understand what’s happening in your soil, but don’t get stuck thinking only measuring soil water content will tell you what you need to know. Water content is only one side of a critical two-sided coin. To understand when to water, plant-water stress, or how to characterize drought, you also need to measure water potential.
Better data. Better answers.
Soil water potential is a crucial measurement for optimizing yield and stewarding the environment because it’s a direct indicator of availability of water for biological processes. If you’re not measuring it, you’re likely getting the wrong answer to your soil moisture questions. Water potential can also help you predict if soil water will move, and where it’s going to go. Join METER soil physicist, Dr. Doug Cobos, as he teaches the basics of this critical measurement. Learn:
- What is water potential?
- Why water potential isn’t as confusing as it’s made out to be
- Common misconceptions about soil water content and water potential
- Why water potential is important to you
Hydraulic Conductivity: How Many Measurements Do You Need?
Two researchers show easier methods conform to standards
If you’re measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity with a double ring infiltrometer, you’re lucky if you can get two tests done in a day. For most inspectors, researchers, and geotechs—that’s just not feasible. Historically, double ring methods were the standard, however the industry is now more accepting of faster single ring methods with the caveat that enough locations are tested. But how many locations are enough?
Triple the tests you run in a day
Drs. Andrea Welker and Kristin Sample-Lord, researchers at Villanova University, are changing the way infiltration measurements are captured while keeping the standards of measurement high. They ran many infiltration tests with three types of infiltrometers with a variety of sizes and soil types. In this 30-minute webinar, they’ll discuss what they found to be the acceptable statistical mean for a single rain garden. Plus, they’ll reveal the pros and cons of each infiltrometer type and which ones were the most practical to use. Learn:
- What types of sites were tested
- How the spot measurements compared with infiltration rates over the whole rain garden
- Pros and cons of each infiltrometer and how they compared for practicality and ease of use
- What is an acceptable number of measurements for an accurate assessment
How to Unlock Your Data Secrets Using ZENTRA Cloud Models
Automated models for rapid data insights
Environmental modeling is crucial for making decisions or understanding what’s happening in the field, but it can be an extremely complex and manual process. Not anymore. Forget endless spreadsheets, equations, and long hours of post processing. ZENTRA Cloud now includes environmental models—so the information you need to make sense of your data can be instantly visualized on a daily basis.
Environmental modeling made easy
Growing degree days, daily light integral, evapotranspiration, and more! We made the models. Now you can use them. Discover the magic behind the models, how ZENTRA Cloud simplifies and automates the process, and how researchers are using these models in their unique applications. Topics covered:
An introduction and some of the scientific methods behind popular ZENTRA Cloud models
Plant available water
Evapotranspiration (ET)
Daily light integral
Daily light photoperiod
Growing degree days
Modified chill hours
Case studies: How people are using these models in their research
How to Use Plant-Water Relations and Atmospheric Demand for Simplified Water ...
How to Use Plant-Water Relations and Atmospheric Demand for Simplified Water ...METER Group, Inc. USA
Going by soil moisture data alone?
Soil moisture data are useful, but they can’t tell you everything. Other strategies for growers and researchers, like plant and weather monitoring, can inform water management decisions.
In this webinar, world-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon Campbell shares his newest insights and explores options for water management beyond soil moisture. Learn the why and how of scheduling irrigation using plant or atmospheric measurements. Understand canopy temperature and its role in detecting water stress in crops. Plus, discover when plant water information is necessary and which measurement(s) to use. Find out:
- Why the Penman-Monteith equation, with the FAO 56 procedures, gives a solid, physics-based method for determining potential evapotranspiration of a crop
- How the ATMOS 41 microenvironment monitor combined with the ZL6 logger and ZENTRA Cloud give easy access to crop ET data
- How v can be controlled by manipulating plant water potential using appropriate irrigation strategies
- Why combining monitoring soil water potential with deficit irrigation based on ET estimates provide an efficient and precise method for controlled water stress management
- And more…Determination of k 2
Determination of Hydraulic conductivity applying constant and falling head method
Revolutionizing Soil Moisture—A New Holistic Approach for Higher Accuracy
Errors in soil moisture data cost scientists hours of wasted time sifting through datasets trying to figure out what is real and what is installation error. We’ve spent the past 20 years focusing on the accuracy of the sensor itself. With the TEROS 12, we’ve not only improved our sensor, we’ve also turned our attention to broader issues that are likely to confound soil moisture data—things like sensor-to-sensor variability, volume of influence, air gaps, and preferential flow.
Learn about:
TEROS 12 data consistency and response to wetting fronts
How the new calibration procedure works to minimize sensor-to-sensor variability
How the installation tool reduces air gaps and site disturbance while improving consistency
What to expect during an installation
Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops - Nutrients & Stress
Welcome to Part 2 of our webinar series: Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield. Today we’ll hear from Dr. Gaylon Campbell, who will discuss how to measure electrical conductivity and osmotic stress to optimize crop steering for maximum yield.
Soil Electrical Conductivity: Managing Salts for Sustained High Yields
Managing salts: Why you should care more
Mismanagement of salt applied during irrigation ultimately reduces production—drastically in many cases. Irrigating incorrectly also increases water cost and the energy used to apply it. Understanding the salt balance in the soil and knowing the leaching fraction, or the amount of extra irrigation water that must be applied to maintain acceptable root zone salinity is critical to every irrigation manager’s success. Yet monitoring soil salinity is often poorly understood.
Measure EC for consistently high crop yields
In this webinar, world-renowned soil physicist Dr. Gaylon Campbell teaches the fundamentals of measuring soil electrical conductivity (EC) and how to use a tool that few people think about—but is absolutely essential for maintaining crop yield and profit. Learn:
- The sources of salt in irrigated agriculture
- How and why salt affects plants
- How salt in soil is measured
- How common measurements are related to the amount of salt in soil
- How salt affects various plant species
- How to perform the calculations needed to know how much water to apply for a given water quality
Evapotranspiration: Pitfalls to Avoid and Why It’s Easier Than You Think
Mistakes that kill your estimates
Measuring evapotranspiration (ET) to understand water loss from a native or a managed ecosystem is easier than it looks, but you have to know what you’re doing. If you can’t spend the time or money on a full eddy-covariance system, you’ll have to be satisfied with making some assumptions using equations such as Penman-Monteith.
Like any model, the accuracy of the output depends on the quality of the inputs, but do you know what measurements are critical for success? Plus, as your instrumentation gets more inaccurate, the errors get larger. If you’re not careful, you can end up with no idea what’s happening to the water in your system.
Get the right number every time
You don’t have to be a meteorologist or need incredibly expensive equipment to measure ET effectively. In this 30-minute webinar, Campbell Scientific application scientist Dr. Dirk Baker and METER research scientist Dr. Colin Campbell team up to explain:
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- Assumptions that can simplify sensor requirements
- What you must measure to get adequate ET estimates
- Assumptions and common pitfalls
- How accurate your equipment should be for good estimates
- Causes and implications of uncertainty
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by Chris Chambers, METER Environment General Manager. Watch the full video here: www.metergroup.com/meter_events/soil-moisture-installation/
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Are you unwittingly compromising your plants?
In a controlled environment many variables affect production. But if any one of those variables gets out of balance, it can undermine your whole operation. For example, if you apply enough nutrients for high production but only enough light for low production, you’ll increase costs and limit yield. To get the most out of your crop, you’ll need to measure and balance environmental inputs correctly to get the most efficient use out of them. If you’re not measuring the right variables, fixing problems that keep you from your goals will be a shot in the dark, because you won’t know what the real problem is.
Amplify your production and efficiency
In part 4 of our popular controlled-environment webinar series, world-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, teaches what is required to ensure all environmental variables remain balanced for the highest possible efficiency and production. Discover:
- How to model biomass production from light, water, and nutrient resources
- Relationships between biomass production, light, and CO2
- Relationships between biomass production and water use
- Relationships between biomass production and nutrient uptake
- Limiting factors in the balance equations
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Improve Your Plant Study: 3 Types of Environmental Data You May Be Missing
What data are you missing?
As a plant researcher, you need to effectively assess crop performance, whether it’s yield or disease resistance. But if you’re only measuring weather data, you might be missing key performance indicators in your variety trials. Understanding the full picture of the environment will make it easier to select the right varieties to advance—and avoid wasting resources on advancing bad selections.
To accurately assess plant stress tolerance, you must first characterize all environmental stressors. For example, drought studies are notoriously difficult to replicate because of high weather variability. Precipitation data is not enough to assess drought. You need a tool to quantify drought at the soil level.
Get better, more accurate conclusions
It’s important for your environmental data to accurately represent the environment of your site. That means not only capturing the right parameters but choosing the right tools to capture them. In this 30-minute webinar, application expert Holly Lane discusses how to improve your current data and what data you may not be collecting that will optimize and improve the quality of your plant study. Find out:
- How to know if you’re asking the right questions
- Are you using the right atmospheric measurements? And are you measuring weather in the right location?
- Which type of soil moisture data is right for the goals of your research or variety trial
- How to improve your drought study, why precipitation data is not enough, and why you don’t need to be a soil scientist to leverage soil data
- How to use soil water potential
- How accurate your equipment should be for good estimates
- Key concepts to keep in mind when designing a plant study in the field
- What ancillary data you should be collecting to achieve your goals
Presenter
Holly Lane has a BS in agricultural biotechnology from Washington State University and an MS in plant breeding from Texas A&M, where she focused on phenomics work in maize. She has a broad range of experience with both fundamental and applied research in agriculture and worked in both the public and private sectors on sustainability and science advocacy projects. Through the tri-societies, she advocated for agricultural research funding in DC. Currently, Holly is an application expert and inside sales consultant with METER Environment.
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If you know what to look for, you can harness powerful insights from a soil moisture release curve. But if you're using the wrong instrumentation, don't have the correct tools to evaluate the curve, or choose the wrong model to fit the curve, your insights can be drastically wrong. And those errors are only amplified when put into a hydrology model.
In this 30-minute webinar, research scientist and Director of Scientific Outreach, Leo Rivera, illustrates what insights you can glean from your soil moisture release curve data and hot to get everything you can from this soil fingerprint. He'll discuss:
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If you're not measuring water potential, or not measuring it correctly, your data could be telling you the wrong thing. Water content measurements can only tell you so much, and inferring water potential from water content is inaccurate at best, and completely misleading in worst-case scenarios.
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Learn about:
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How to Interpret Hydraulic Conductivity Data
You need to understand how water is moving (or not moving) through your soil. Gathering precise, accurate, and timely data is the first hurdle, which can be conquered with the proper instrumentation. But how do you ensure you get the most thorough and meaningful insights from every data set?
In this 30-minute webinar, METER research scientist Leo Rivera explores examples of hydraulic conductivity data you might encounter during your research and breaks down what to look for, what to avoid, and how to reach the most insightful conclusions your data has to offer.
In this webinar:
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The first step to understanding if you are collecting quality soil moisture data is to first know where they’re wrong. But what makes good data go bad?
Proactive prevention of data’s main confounders.
Would you recognize bad data if you had it? Knowing what to look for and the key steps to take to prevent later problems is the difference between accuracy and estimation. In this 30-minute webinar, METER’s soil moisture sensor product manager and ecology and plant physiology specialist, Chris Chambers, will break down the largest contributors to degradation in data.
Discussed in this webinar:
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Leaf Area Index (LAI) has vast implications across land use management, ecology, and any project impacted by gross primary productivity (GPP). But what is LAI? What could an understanding of LAI do for your research? Multiple measurement methods make the process of choosing the best method for your application confusing. How do you balance accuracy and labor efforts?
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Accurate soil texture information is critical for understanding experimental results or modeling—and if you’re just guessing—you’ll be in trouble when it comes time for publication. Soil particle analysis is hard. You need to know what to watch out for, or your accuracy can be off by orders of magnitude. And that’s a problem—get it wrong, and your models and assumptions will be incorrect and ultimately you’ll reach bad conclusions.
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go.meter.group/alt-sweet
Demand for healthier snacks and treats continues to grow. Innovative new sweeteners abound. But in the scramble to develop the next great clean-label snack, food companies are finding that each sugar substitute comes with a special set of challenges.
Since substitutes don’t perfectly mimic sugar’s characteristics, formulators are left with a complicated job: Finding new ways to achieve the sugary taste, texture, shelf life, and appearance that will satisfy consumers.
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Soil infiltration impacts almost everything soils are used for. Infiltration rates impact irrigation, drainage, and how well water flows to crop roots. Infiltration measurements are used to predict erosion and determine soil health. And, in urban settings, stormwater systems and landfills need soil infiltration measurements to maximize or minimize water movement in soil. If you’re working in these situations, it’s critical to understand how to measure infiltration correctly, or you’ll risk inaccurate calculations that could lead to wrong decisions.
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Water Management - 3 Tools You Might Be Missing.pdf
Why overwatering is causing you problems.
Just like a thermostat can be set optimally for comfort without wasting heat, the latest advances in sensor technology can do the same for plants: keep them comfortable, without wasting water. This means you can have higher quality and yield while reducing problems caused by overwatering such as disease or the need to reapply expensive nutrients that have been flushed away.
Better management--better plant performance.
Join Dr. Colin Campbell as he explores the latest water management research and real world examples to answer the questions: Does water management work? What are challenges and best practices? And what should we do next?
Discover:
- The role water plays in managed ecosystems.
- How using measurement technology like soil water potential, soil water content, electrical conductivity, and temperature can show impacts of management.
- How to deploy these sensors effectively in high-dollar ecosystems.
- What the interplay is between environmental variables like evapotranspiration and soil water.
- How combining these variables can inform water management.
- How overwatering impacts disease and critical nutrients in the root zone.
Measuring moisture content in food and supplements
There are ovens, vacuum ovens, halogen moisture balances, Karl Fischer titrators, NIR devices – and that’s only the beginning. How do you choose the right one?
Once you’ve chosen, how do you ensure consistently precise and reliable results? Measuring moisture content can be a minefield, but getting it right pays dividends.
In this webinar, Dr. Zachary Cartwright and moisture content researcher Conner Jeffries:
— Explore why moisture content measurements can be so fickle
— Discuss direct vs indirect methods and how ovens, moisture balances and titrators compare
— Present original research that highlights key issues with moisture content in dried fruit, tablets and supplements, and cannabis
— Outline methods to reduce variation and improve the accuracy of your moisture content analysis
— Discuss new methods to measure moisture content quickly and precisely
Rapid, in situ Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Even in Moist Insulating Ma...
Rapid, in situ Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Even in Moist Insulating Ma...METER Group, Inc. USA
Steady-state methods for measuring thermal conductivity in insulation are painstakingly slow. The temperature gradient inherent to the method also induces moisture movement within moist samples, making it unsuitable for such measurements. This seminar describes a new algorithm, used with a line heat source, to measure the thermal conductivity of insulating materials in one minute, even in the presence of moisture.
In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, world-renowned environmental measurement expert, describes:
- The science behind the transient method, how to apply it, and how it performs on insulating materials
- How moisture affects the thermal conductivity of insulation
- Why only transient methods correctly measure the thermal conductivity of insulation when moisture is present
- How to determine the volumetric specific heat of insulation, to use as input to the measurement
Weather Data: Virtual, In-Field, or Regional Network—Does It Matter?
Which data source is better?
In the world of specialty crops, there is disagreement on how well weather-driven insect, disease, and frost prediction models actually perform. Dr. Dave Brown, former director of Washington State University’s AgWeatherNet spent years comparing different weather data sources and how those data affect the accuracy of common environmental models used by orchard growers. In this 20-minute webinar, he shares the surprising things he learned.
Decrease chances of crop damage with one simple practice
Find out how you can increase the accuracy of your predictive models and decrease frost, insect, and disease incidents by doing just one thing differently—improving the quality of your weather data. Discover:
- Microclimates: what are the conditions like inside a crop canopy versus outside?
- Virtual data vs. weather station data: Which is better?
- How do site-specific weather data vs. regional network data compare?
- How much does a small decrease in data quality affect the accuracy of your models?
- What’s the value of in-orchard measurements?
- What are some best practices for higher data quality?
Presenter
For 20 years as a faculty member at Montana State University and Washington State University (WSU) Dr. Dave Brown pursued research on soil sensors, spatial data science and digital agriculture. At both universities, he served in many leadership roles for major research projects, academic programs and most recently as Director of the WSU AgWeatherNet program. In this capacity, Dr. Brown hired and supervised a team of meteorologists who pursued research and extension activities focused on evaluating and improving the quality of weather data used for agricultural decisions.
Understanding Isotherms: What vapor sorption can and can’t tell you
Moisture content and water activity. Each has its assigned roles and responsibilities. They’re often used separately, and for very different purposes. But can they work together?
In this live webinar, our METER experts will break down how and why mapping moisture content and water activity together – and how they change over time – can open a new world of valuable information.
You’ll learn:
— Why MC and aW combined can tell you more than they would separately
— All the ways to create isotherms, plus the strengths and weaknesses of each method
— How to interpret and use your moisture sorption isotherms
— Why isotherms can predict texture changes so precisely
— Why shelf life and packaging decisions can be made faster using isotherms
— How to extract business value from your isotherms – both in and out of the R&D department
Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield—Pa...
Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield—Pa...METER Group, Inc. USA
Rev up your productivity
If you’re crop steering to optimize quality and productivity, understanding nutrient concentration is critical to stressing your plants correctly. If nutrient concentrations get too low, you won’t get the production you’re paying for with the rest of your infrastructure. If the concentrations are too high—you’ll risk killing your plants.
Measure. Don’t guess.
You can’t quantify nutrient concentration just by looking at your plants or tasting the fruit. The only way to know the nutrient concentration is to measure it. Crop steering can only be done if you know the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution in the growth substrate. In this 30-minute webinar, world-renowned soil physics expert, Dr. Gaylon Campbell discusses how to measure EC and osmotic stress to optimize crop steering for maximum yield. He’ll cover:
- Environmental control of growth and development in plants
- Electrical conductivity as a measure of nutrient concentration in the growth medium
- Techniques for measuring pore water electrical conductivity in unsaturated media
- How to relate pore water electrical conductivity to the bulk conductivity being measured
- Crop steering using osmotic stress and how to monitor that stress5 Insider Tips: How to Be Fieldwork Ready
Today we’ll hear from Dr. Sara Vero, who will discuss how to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of your field visits. Sara is a researcher and lecturer in agricultural science, whose work focuses on soil physics, chemistry, and water quality. Her new book, ‘Fieldwork Ready’, is a guide to field research in agricultural and environmental science. 'Fieldwork Ready' introduces readers to the fundamental elements of planning, preparedness, and best practice that help field researchers to run successful experiments and investigations.
Why Your GDD Estimate Isn’t Good Enough—and How to Fix It
How to nail your estimates and act at the right time
When you use inaccurate data, the further you are into the growing season, the greater the estimate will differ from reality. For longer season crops, the difference could be quite significant, which is a problem because plant maturity, flowering, and pest/disease GDD targets often have tight windows.
In this 20-minute webinar, Dr. Colin Campbell discusses what you need to know for more accurate models, so you can be confident in your management decisions.
Mastering Moisture in Powders: Flowability and Beyond
When it comes to moisture and powders, flowability (caking and clumping) dominates the conversation. But there is much more to explore. In this webinar, scientists Mary Galloway and Dr. Zachary Cartwright address the top five moisture-related issues in powders, including:
- Flowability—how to determine RHc and use it in shelf life, packaging, and formulation decisions
- Moisture migration—how to predict and control it
- Hygroscopicity—strategies for quantifying
- Structure changes—how to determine boundaries between amorphous vs. crystalline, anhydrous vs. hydrate
- Temperature effects: measuring effects on RHc and smoothing transitions
Presenters:
Mary Galloway is a lead scientist in the METER Food Research & Development lab. She specializes in using and testing instruments that measure water activity and its influence on physical properties. She has worked with many customers to solve their moisture-related product issues.
Zachary Cartwright is a lead food scientist at METER Group. He helps customers achieve complete moisture analysis of their products and is an expert in the use of the Vapor Sorption Analyzer (VSA). He has a Ph.D. in food science from Washington State University and a bachelor’s degree in biochemistry from New Mexico State University.
Thermal Properties of Stony Soils: How To Get the Right Answer in a Soil/Rock...
Thermal Properties of Stony Soils: How To Get the Right Answer in a Soil/Rock...METER Group, Inc. USA
You can’t directly measure the thermal conductivity or resistivity of a stony soil
Rocks typically have a much higher thermal conductivity than the soil around them. You can measure the thermal conductivity of the rocks and of the interstitial soil, but how do you combine them to get the conductivity or resistivity of the soil profile? If you average the two, you’ll end up with the wrong number, which could be catastrophic. In underground power cable applications, if you overestimate, you’re in danger of damaging the cable. If you underestimate, you’ll spend too much on your installation.
How to combine the conductivity of rock and soil to get the right value for the profile
In this 30-minute webinar, world-renowned soil physicist Dr. Gaylon Campbell teaches how to combine the conductivity of rock and soil to get the right thermal conductivity or thermal resistivity value for the soil profile. You’ll learn:
- How to both measure and model soil thermal conductivity
- How to measure the thermal conductivity of rocks
- How to combine those two measurements to get the right conductivity value for the entire soil profileMore from METER Group, Inc. USA (19)
Water Resource Capture - Turning Water Into Biomass
Water Resource Capture - Turning Water Into Biomass
Radiation Resource Capture - Are You Leaving Yield On The Table?
Radiation Resource Capture - Are You Leaving Yield On The Table?
5 Reasons Your Soil Texture Analysis Isn’t Accurate Enough
5 Reasons Your Soil Texture Analysis Isn’t Accurate Enough
Substituting Sugar: Pros & Cons of 5 Top Sugar Alternatives
Substituting Sugar: Pros & Cons of 5 Top Sugar Alternatives
Weather Data: Why Accuracy is More Complicated Than You Think
Weather Data: Why Accuracy is More Complicated Than You Think
Soil Infiltration 101: What It Is. Why You Need It. How To Measure It.
Soil Infiltration 101: What It Is. Why You Need It. How To Measure It.
Water Management - 3 Tools You Might Be Missing.pdf
Water Management - 3 Tools You Might Be Missing.pdf
Measuring moisture content in food and supplements
Measuring moisture content in food and supplements
Rapid, in situ Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Even in Moist Insulating Ma...
Rapid, in situ Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Even in Moist Insulating Ma...
Weather Data: Virtual, In-Field, or Regional Network—Does It Matter?
Weather Data: Virtual, In-Field, or Regional Network—Does It Matter?
Understanding Isotherms: What vapor sorption can and can’t tell you
Understanding Isotherms: What vapor sorption can and can’t tell you
Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield—Pa...
Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield—Pa...
Why Your GDD Estimate Isn’t Good Enough—and How to Fix It
Why Your GDD Estimate Isn’t Good Enough—and How to Fix It
Mastering Moisture in Powders: Flowability and Beyond
Mastering Moisture in Powders: Flowability and Beyond
Thermal Properties of Stony Soils: How To Get the Right Answer in a Soil/Rock...
Thermal Properties of Stony Soils: How To Get the Right Answer in a Soil/Rock...
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THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Orion Air Quality Monitoring Systems - CWS
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
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Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlands
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
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原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits.pdf
Unveiling the Energy Potential of Marshmallow Deposits: A Revolutionary
Breakthrough in Sustainable Energy Science
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptx
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
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(Work in progress.)
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
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What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.
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5 Reasons You’re Getting Less Accurate Soil Moisture Release Curves
- 2. 5 REASONS YOU’RE GETTING LESS ACCURATE SOIL MOISTURE RELEASE CURVES Leo Rivera METER Group, Inc.
- 3. INTRODUCTION ABOUT ME Background in Soil Physics & Pedology 14 years of experience measuring and interpreting soil hydraulic properties and soil moisture release curves
- 4. WHAT IS A SOIL MOISTURE RELEASE CURVE?
- 5. SOIL FINGERPRINT SOIL MOISTURE RELEASE CURVES Two variables necessary to describe state of matter or energy in environment • Extensive variable – describes the extent or amount of matter or energy • Intensive variable – describes the intensity or quality of matter or energy EXTENSIVE INTENSIVE
- 6. WHY IS A SOIL MOISTURE RELEASE CURVE IMPORTANT?
- 7. IMPORTANCE HOW DO MOISTURE RELEASE CURVES HELP US? Soil moisture release curves unlock our understanding of: • How water is stored in soil • Available water for primary productivity • Water and solute movement in soils This is key for: • Optimizing water use for crops • Modeling soil hydrology 7
- 8. MAKING DECISIONS IRRIGATION How can we use Soil Moisture Release Curves to make irrigation decisions? We need to understand both water potential and water content • VWC – How much irrigation to apply • Water potential – availability of water to crops
- 9. SOIL MOISTURE RELEASE CURVE WHAT ELSE CAN IT TELL ME? • Shrink-swell capacity • Cation exchange capacity • Soil specific surface area
- 10. HOW ARE THEY MEASURED?
- 11. HOW ARE THEY MEASURED? The earliest tools for measuring SMRCs arose in the 1920s They have continued to evolve • (1920) Filter paper technique • (1930) Pressure plate method • (1950) Vapor method • (1960) Evaporation method
- 12. HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY ADVANCED OUR CAPABILITIES? • The search for the perfect water potential measurement • Advancements have been slow and dependent on evolving technology • Searching to cover the full range
- 13. TOOLS FOR MEASURING WATER POTENTIAL
- 15. WHAT FACTORS IMPACT ACCURACY? MEASUREMENT METHODS Understand the limits of different methods • Equilibration issues • Getting enough measurement points No method covers the entire range Spatial variability (sample size)
- 16. WHAT FACTORS IMPACT ACCURACY? PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL TRAITS Hysteresis Osmotic and Matric Potential • yT = ym + yg + yo + yp • yT – Total water potential • ym – matric potential - adsorption to surfaces • yg – gravitational potential - position • yo – osmotic potential - solutes • yp – pressure potential - hydrostatic or pneumatic
- 17. WHAT FACTORS IMPACT ACCURACY? GETTING THE FULL PICTURE? 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Water Content, % Water Potential, -kPa 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 Water Content, % Water Potential, -kPa
- 18. BEST PRACTICES FOR GETTING ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS
- 19. BEST PRACTICES WHICH PROPERTIES ARE CRITICAL What range of water potential is critical? What range is the water being held? • Coarse vs. fine textured soils • Soilless media vs. mineral soils 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 VWC, 𝝷 MATRIC POTENTIAL, -KPA LFS (HYPROP) LFS (WP4C) LFS (Fitted Curve) SiL (HYPROP) SiL (WP4C) SiL (Fitted Curve)
- 20. BEST PRACTICES ACCOUNTING FOR HYSTERESIS Accounting for hysteresis • Wetting vs. drying curves Evaporation method (drying curve) Vapor pressure methods (wetting & drying)
- 21. BEST PRACTICES CORRECTING FOR OSMOTIC POTENTIAL Matric (ψm) vs. Osmotic potential (ψo) • Tensiometer methods measure ψm • Vapor pressure methods measure ψm+ ψo Correct for ψo with saturated extract EC
- 22. BEST PRACTICES CHOOSING THE RIGHT MODEL Models have evolved too How do we choose a model? • Does the curve show bimodal characteristics? • Is θr still relevant? • How complex of a model is ok? 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 Water Content, % Water Potential, -kPa
- 23. SUMMARY REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE Example: • Plant breeding research group • Soil type - Clay Loam • Typical ETo - 6 to 7 mm/day Year 1 vs. Year 2 What they implemented: • Irrigation scheme 0.5 L/hr (30 min/30 off) @ 2-3 cycles What was the issue?
- 24. SOILS MOISTURE RELEASE CURVES OTHER RESOURCES Soil Moisture 201 Soil Moisture 202 https://www.metergroup.com/environment/master-class/