This document summarizes AquaFiber's technology and projects for removing nutrients from surface waters to restore water quality. It describes AquaFiber's dual-nutrient removal technology called AQUALUTIONS®, which uses algae harvesting and dissolved air flotation. It provides results from AquaFiber's project on Lake Jesup from 2009-2014, showing average phosphorus and nitrogen removal of 75.1% and 46.1%. The document discusses potential applications and partnerships for the harvested algae biomass.

1. Clean Water – Healthy World
Bill Eggers, CEP, CWB, PWS
August 10, 2015
bill.eggers@aquafiber.com

2. Vision:
Clean Water – Healthy World
Mission:
AquaFiber fulfills a promise to restore surface
waters impaired by nutrients and other harmful
pollutants.
Photo: AquaFiber - Lake Apopka, 2009

3. AQUAFIBER
• A TECHNOLOGY-BASED, CLEAN-TECH COMPANY
• FOCUSED ON SURFACE WATER REMEDIATION
• HARVESTING NATIVE ALGAE AND SUSPENDED SOLIDS
• USING AQUALUTIONS®™ DUAL-NUTRIENT (TP/TN) TECHNOLOGY
• MODIFIED DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF)
• COUPLED TO A TRADITIONAL AND TRADE-SECRET TREATMENT TRAIN
• CAPITALIZED PRIVATELY
Lake Apopka Effluent

4. A BRIEF HISTORY
• 2000 – INCORPORATED TO GROW PERIPHYTON FOR ALTERNATIVE
PACKAGING MATERIAL
• 2002 – AWARDED SFWMD CONTRACT TO STUDY NUTRIENT
REMOVAL
• 2003 – CONSTRUCTED PILOT FACILITY ON LAKE APOPKA (ROPER
SITE)
• 2004 – DEMONSTRATED ABILITY TO REMEDIATE LAKE APOPKA
WATER TO NELAC DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
• 2004 – RESEARCH BEGINS ON AQUALUTIONS®™
• 2007 – AQUAFIBER ROLLS OUT AQUALUTIONS®™
• 2007 – AWARDED SJRWMD LAKE JESUP CONTRACT
• 2008 – AWARDED DARPA CONTRACT WITH SAIC
• DEVELOPED MOBILE TECHNOLOGY (AQUAKNIGHT ®™)
• 2009 – OPERATIONS BEGIN AT LAKE JESUP
• 2011 – FDEP ACKNOWLEDGES AQUALUTIONS®™AS EFFECTIVE AND
SAFE
• 2013 – DEVELOPED PASSIVE TECHNOLOGY TO ALSO REMOVE
UNCONSOLIDATED MUCK
• 2014 – FIRST PHASE OF CONTRACT WITH SJRWMD COMPLETED
SUCCESSFULLY

5. AQUALUTIONS®™
• CUSTOMIZED FOR RESTORATION TARGETS
• OPTIMIZED FOR LARGE, HYPEREUTROPHIC SURFACE WATERS
WITH HEAVY LEGACY LOADS
• PROVEN AT COMMERCIAL SCALE
• EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT
• SMALL LAND FOOTPRINT
• RELIABLE
• SCALABLE
• SUSTAINABLE
• ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE
• LEAST EXPENSIVE LIFE-CYCLE COST ON MARKET
Lake Jesup Biomass

6. PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL AND MORE
AQUALUTIONS®™ CAN:
• REDUCE TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP) LOADINGS BY MORE THAN 75% ON AVERAGE
• REDUCE TOTAL NITROGEN (TN) LOADINGS BY MORE THAN 45% ON AVERAGE
• REDUCE TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) BY MORE THAN 70% ON AVERAGE
• RESTORE WATER CLARITY
• REMOVE HARMFUL, TOXIN-PRODUCING CYANOBACTERIA
• REDUCE CHLOROPHYLL A
• IMPROVE DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
• REMOVE UNCONSOLIDATED MUCK AND LEGACY LOADS
• PRODUCE A BENEFICIAL BIOMASS

9. LAKE JESUP OPERATIONS
• 24 X 7, 350-DAY OPERATION FROM 2009 TO 2014
• INFLUENT (RAW) AND EFFLUENT (TREATED) WATER SAMPLED AND ANALYZED
• FLOW RATE AND TSS RECORDED 600 TIMES PER HOUR
• AUTOSAMPLERS COLLECTED RAW AND TREATED WATER SAMPLES ONCE PER HOUR
• WEEKLY COMPOSITE SAMPLES SENT TO FLOWERS LABORATORIES FOR TP AND TN ANALYSIS.
• SJRWMD MAINTAINED INDEPENDENT SET OF SAMPLERS AND DATA

10. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
• 15 ROUTINE & REGULAR WET TESTS FOR BOTH ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY
• MARINCO BIOASSAY LABORATORY CONDUCTED ALL TESTS
• ALL TESTS PASSED
• 3 OF 15 WET TESTS (20%) SHOWED VARIABLE RESULTS BETWEEN INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT.
• ANOMALIES CAUSED BY PATHOGEN INTERFERENCE
• NO FOLLOW-UP TESTING REQUIRED BY FDEP.
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Pimephales promelas

11. LAKE JESUP RESULTS - TOTAL CONTRACT PERIOD
4/18/09 – 4/18/14
WATER FLOW
• TOTAL WATER TREATED
• 5.7 BILLION GALLONS
• MEAN DAILY WATER FLOW
• 3.7 MILLION GALLONS
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
• MEAN INFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 0.163 MG/L
• MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 0.033 MG/L
TOTAL NITROGEN
• MEAN INFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 3.480 MG/L
• MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 1.64 MG/L

12. LAKE JESUP RESULTS
TOTAL CONTRACT PERIOD
4/18/09 – 4/18/14
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS (TP)
• MEAN INFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 0.163 MG/L
• MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 0.033 MG/L
• BMAP TARGET - 0.096 MG/L
• FL NNC TARGET FOR COLORED LAKES –
0.050 MG/L
• MEAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
• 75.1%
• TOTAL TP REMOVED
• 6,449 LBS (2.93 MT)

13. LAKE JESUP RESULTS
TOTAL CONTRACT PERIOD
4/18/09 – 4/18/14
TOTAL NITROGEN (TN)
• MEAN INFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 3.48 MG/L
• MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 1.64 MG/L
• BMAP TARGET 1.27 MG/L
• FL NNC RANGE FOR COLORED LAKES -
1.27 MG/L – 2.23 MG/L
• MEAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
• 46.1%
• TOTAL TN REMOVED
• 90,749 LBS (41.16 MT)

14. LAKE JESUP RESULTS
TOTAL CONTRACT PERIOD
4/18/11 – 4/18/14
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS)
• MEAN INFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 46.1 MG/L
• MEAN DAILY INFLUENT RANGE
• 8.9 MG/L MIN
• 193.2 MG/L MAX
• MEAN EFFLUENT CONCENTRATION
• 9.3 MG/L
• MEAN REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
• 72.5%
TOTAL DEWATERED BIOMASS REMOVED
• 13,402,584 POUNDS (6,079 MT)

15. LAKE JESUP OPTIMAL RESULTS - YEAR 2
DUAL NUTRIENT EFFICIENCY
4/18/10 – 4/18/11
• TOTAL WATER TREATED (350 DAYS)
• 1.7 BILLION GALLONS
• MEAN DAILY FLOW
• 4.9 MILLION GALLONS
• TOTAL TP REMOVED
• 2,474.30 LBS
(1.12 MT)
• TP REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
• 82.49%
± 15.88 SD
• TOTAL TN REMOVED
• 33,659.91 LBS
(15.27 MT)
• TN REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
• 59.08%
± 13.18 SD

16. FDEP VERIFICATION
• AQUAFIBER RECEIVED A LETTER DATED AUGUST 31, 2011 FROM FDEP STATING:
• “THE DEPARTMENT HAS REVIEWED THE AVAILABLE INFORMATION ON THE PILOT AQUALUTIONS
PROJECT IN LAKE JESUP. BASED ON THIS INFORMATION, THE PROJECT DOES NOT APPEAR TO HAVE
ANY HARMFUL EFFECTS TO THE LAKE AND IS DEMONSTRATING SUCCESS IN REMOVING PHOSPHORUS
FROM THE LAKE.”
• “THE DEPARTMENT VIEWS THE PROJECT AS IN-LAKE NUTRIENT ABATEMENT, NOT SOURCE REMOVAL
OR REDUCTION AND THEREFORE WOULD BE ELIGIBLE FOR ANNUAL BASIN MANAGEMENT ACTION
PLAN (BMAP) CREDITS…”

17. JESUP EXPANSION
CAPACITY INCREASE
INCREASE CAPACITY ONSITE TO 24 MGD
ADD BIOMASS CONVERSION FACILITY
LEGACY LOAD REDUCTION
INLET MODIFICATION TO INCREASE COVERAGE
PASSIVELY TARGET UNCONSOLIDATED MUCK

18. POTENTIAL BIOMASS PARTNERSHIPS
• SOIL AMENDMENT
• VITAG
• OLD CASTLE
• EVANS AGRICULTURE
• ALTERNATIVE FUELS
• JP-8 JET FUEL (AND PRECURSORS)
• HYDROGEN GAS
• LIQUID FUEL ALTERNATIVE
• ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FEED STOCK
• ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• GASIFICATION
• GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS
• PLASTICS ALTERNATIVES
• NEUTRA/PHARMACEUTICALS
• CO2 SEQUESTRATION
Biomass-filled Geotubes

19. OTHER TESTED APPLICATIONS
• LARGE IMPAIRED SYSTEMS
• IRL
• LAKE OKEECHOBEE
• CHESAPEAKE BAY
• SMALL LAKE RESTORATION
• LAKE ADAIR
• LEGACY LOAD REDUCTION
• FLOWING WATERS
• INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER
• MINING WATER
• POWER PLANT COOLING WATER
• STORMWATER SYSTEMS
• WASTEWATER EFFLUENT POLISHING AquaKnight®™ Mobile Trailer

20. POTENTIAL REGIONAL RESTORATION PROJECTS
LAKE APOPKA
ADD AQUALUTIONS ®™ TO DO “HEAVY LIFTING”
IMPROVE DO, OFFSET DOWNTIME
EXTEND FLOWWAY LIFECYCLE
CERP
ADD AQUALUTIONS ®™ AS POLISHING FROM FEB TO STA
EXTEND THE LIFETIME AND EFFICIENCY
ALLOW STA’S TO FUNCTION AS DESIGNED

21. Photo: Sherry Brandt-Williams
Questions