Capture, Reduse and Reuse - Integrated Master Planning a New Community

BCWWA 2013 Annual Conference Water Conservation and Sustainability Series presented by Glen Shkurhan of Urban Systems

Technology Business

BCWWA
Annual Conference
2013
CAPTURE, REDUCE AND REUSE
INTEGRATED WATER SYSTEMS MASTER
PLANNING FOR A NEW COMMUNITY
Glen Shkurhan, P.Eng.
April 2013

Presentation Goals
Describe unique integrated water systems
Scenario’s and “What If’s?”
Approach to analysis and assessment
Performance variability
Adaptive management

“Harmony”; guiding principles
“The provision of high quality water and
wastewater services through responsible,
sustainable, and innovative stewardship of
resources”.
“Smart Growth – effective use of resources”.

SCENARIOS
• System Configuration, or Functional Condition
• Time, or Stage of Development
• Climatic Conditions

PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY
1:100 wet 585 mm
1:100 dry 270 mm
Average 405 mm

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PARAMETER PARAMETER VALUE FOR INDICATED SCENARIO
DEMAND CONDITION: AVERAGE HIGH LOW LOW HIGH
UNITS
RAINFALL CONDITION: AVERAGE DRY WET DRY WET
Unit ADD, Residential 225 275 175 175 275 L/cap/day
Unit Irrigation Rate - Residential / ICI (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) See note
Irrigated Lot Area Ratio (SF) 0.30 0.60 0.10 0.10 0.60 ha/ha
Irrigation Period - Potable/Raw Water 151 151 110 110 151 days
Irrigation Period - Treated Effluent 129 148 110 148 110 days
Population Density, Residential – SF 3.1 3.1 2.9 2.9 3.1 capita/DU
Population Density, Residential – MF 2.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.8 capita/DU
Impervious Ratio – SF 0.38 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.30 ha/ha
RDII R-Factor 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.03
GWI Unit Rate 0.011 0.011 0.011 0.007 0.015 L/s/ha
Precipitation (rain+snow) – Annual 0.412 0.270 0.584 0.270 0.584 m
Evaporation – Annual 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 m
Seepage Loss From Lake/Ponds – Annual 0.200 0.300 0.100 0.300 0.100 m
DEMAND VARIABILITY

18
ANALYTICAL APPROACH
1. MASS BALANCE (Excel, MS)
2. WATER DISTRIBUTION (WaterCAD, Bentley)
3. SANITARY COLLECTION (MOUSE, DHI)
4. HYDROLOGY (MIKE SHE, DHI)
5. NPS POLLUTANT LOADING (Excel, MS)
6. GROUNDWATER
7. LAKE

Max Operating Level = 1181.7 (Overflow Pumps “ON”)
Minimum Water Level = 1181.5 (Bow Pumps “ON”)
Normal Water Level = 1181.4 (Bow Pumps “OFF”)
Maximum Water Level = 1183.1
Wave Action Free Board = 0.9 m
Min Ground = 1184.0
100 Year Runoff Storage = 1.4 m2.8 m
Normal Operating Range = 0.2 m
Storage = 0.3 m
LAKE LEVEL PERFORMANCE

Modular
Conservative
Pilot
IMPLEMENTATION

CLIMATE
Precipitation
Temperature
EFFECTIVENESS
Metered flows at key points in system
COMPLIANCE
Implementation
Operations
Development
VALIDATION
Lake Levels
Water Quality
Bow River Demand
Overflow

Model Calibration
Update Predictions
Corrections

Science ?
Design ?
Implementation ?
Operation ?

Demands & Consumption
Adjust User Rates
Downscaling Future Phases
Supply to External Market
WWTP & Storage
Expand or Defer Plant / Storage
Offsite Disposal – Effluent / Solids
Adjust Effluent Irrigation

WTP
Adjust User Rates
Expand or Defer Plant / Storage
Emergency Lake Bypass
Lake & Ponds
Adjust Operational Protocols
Increase Pre-treatment
Modified Discharge

CLOSING TAKEAWAYS
• Define Goals and Objectives
• Identify Opportunities and Constraints
• System Configuration and Interactions
• Scenario’s and What If’s?
• Analytical Approach and Tools
• Variability, Risks, and Uncertainties
• Implementation Strategy
• Adaptive Management and Action Plan

By: Dr. Gaylon S. Campbell Every irrigator wishes for tools that answer the fundamental questions: when do I turn the water on and when do I turn the water off? The challenge is figuring out the right ones and implementing them effectively. New sensor technology and cloud computing offer new opportunities to growers, but it is often unclear how to put these into practice. In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Gaylon Campbell will cover the different methods for irrigation water management and the pros and cons of each. Best practices for soil moisture monitoring and costs of improper irrigation scheduling will also be discussed. Learn: • Why we schedule irrigation • Different methods used by growers to decide when to irrigate • Steps for scheduling irrigation using soil moisture • Results from good management and the consequences of mistakes

Brian Leib, Managed Depletion Irrigation

How to maximize yields with the least amount of water Replacing crop water use to a full point or field capacity is a common approach to irrigation scheduling. At least, that’s true in arid climates. But what if there’s a repeat chance of rain? Uncertainty of rainfall amount and timing can impact how we approach irrigation water management. In humid regions, bringing the soil to full field capacity often means lost yield potential. Brian Leib, Ph.D., from the University of Tennessee presents this webinar presentation to discuss a new approach to managing irrigation. He’ll share past studies and results using different irrigation treatments in soybean and cotton crops. Learn how to: • Manage for rainfall in humid regions • Avoid issues with runoff to low, poorly drained areas • Promote reproductive growth and root development • Adapt principles from arid climates

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Grow your crop steering expertise Crop steering can optimize crop production and production costs, but to crop steer successfully, you need to do it right. You have to understand how to obtain the right soil water contents and soil electrical conductivities to either stress the crop or avoid stressing the crop in a controlled way. To do this, you’ll need to perform crop steering calculations. Steer your way to higher quality, productivity, and profit In part 3 of our greenhouse webinar series, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, internationally recognized soil physics and environmental measurement expert, teaches how to perform crop steering calculations that give you the information you need to stress or de-stress your crop at the right time and in the right way to achieve your goals. In this 30-minute webinar you’ll learn: The water balance equation - How to calculate the irrigation amount - How to calculate the transpiration variables that affect recharge drainage, and changes in stored water - How to determine the field capacity of the substrate - Environmental factors that influence the water balance - How to determine the leaching fraction - How to manage substrate electrical conductivity crop steering, environment, field capacity, gaylon campbell, indoor cultivation, irrigation, leaching fraction, substrate electrical conductivity, transpiration, water balance, webinar

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Part 1: Substrates and Water Stop guessing. Start measuring. When you irrigate in a greenhouse or growth chamber, you need to get the most out of your substrate so you can maximize the yield and quality of your product. But if you’re lifting a pot to gauge how much water is in the substrate, it’s going to be difficult—if not impossible—to achieve your goals. To complicate matters, soil substrates and potting mixes are some of the most challenging media in which to get the water exactly right. Without accurate measurements or the right measurements, you’ll be blind to what your plants are really experiencing. And that’s a problem, because irrigating incorrectly will reduce yield, derail the quality of your product, deprive the roots of oxygen, and increase risk of disease. Supercharge yield, quality—and profit At METER, we know how to irrigate substrates. We’ve been measuring soil moisture for over 40 years. Join Dr. Gaylon Campbell, founder, soil physicist, and one of the world’s foremost authorities on soil, plant, and atmospheric measurements, for a series of irrigation webinars designed to help you correctly control your crop environment to achieve maximum results. In this 30-minute webinar, learn: Why substrates hold water differently than normal soil How the properties of different substrates and potting mixes compare Why it’s difficult if not impossible to irrigate correctly without accurately measuring the amount of water in the substrate The fundamentals of measuring soil moisture: specifically water content and electrical conductivity How measuring soil moisture helps you get the most out of the substrate you choose, so you can improve your product Easy tools you can use to measure soil water in a greenhouse or growth chamber to maximize yields and minimize inputs

How to Use Plant-Water Relations and Atmospheric Demand for Simplified Water ...

Going by soil moisture data alone? Soil moisture data are useful, but they can’t tell you everything. Other strategies for growers and researchers, like plant and weather monitoring, can inform water management decisions. In this webinar, world-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon Campbell shares his newest insights and explores options for water management beyond soil moisture. Learn the why and how of scheduling irrigation using plant or atmospheric measurements. Understand canopy temperature and its role in detecting water stress in crops. Plus, discover when plant water information is necessary and which measurement(s) to use. Find out: - Why the Penman-Monteith equation, with the FAO 56 procedures, gives a solid, physics-based method for determining potential evapotranspiration of a crop - How the ATMOS 41 microenvironment monitor combined with the ZL6 logger and ZENTRA Cloud give easy access to crop ET data - How v can be controlled by manipulating plant water potential using appropriate irrigation strategies - Why combining monitoring soil water potential with deficit irrigation based on ET estimates provide an efficient and precise method for controlled water stress management - And more…

Irrigation Management: Plant-Water Relations and Atmospheric Demand

Soil moisture data are useful, but they can’t tell us everything. Other strategies for growers, like plant and weather monitoring, can inform irrigation scheduling decisions. In this 30-minute webinar, Dr. Gaylon Campbell will explore options for managing irrigation beyond soil moisture. Learn the why and how of scheduling irrigation using plant or atmospheric measurements. Understand canopy temperature and its role in detecting water stress of crops. Plus, discover when plant water information is necessary and which measurement(s) to use. Here’s what we’ll cover: • Estimating crop water use with reference evapotranspiration (ET) • Relationships between plant water potential and water stress • Options for scheduling deficit or controlled stress irrigation • Water stress and canopy conductance from canopy temperature

Predictable Yields Using Remote and Field Monitoring

What happens when you take satellite products and add soil water potential data? New data sources offer tools for growers to optimize production in the field. But the task of implementing them is often difficult. Research work is underway and offers a guide on how data from soil and space can work together to make the job of irrigation scheduling easier. In this presentation, METER’s Dr. Colin Campbell explains the formula for prescribing irrigation events that will get you the yields you want.

Water Potential 101: What It Is. Why You Need It. How To Use It.

Soil is no longer a black box. Advances in sensor technology and software now make it easy to understand what’s happening in your soil, but don’t get stuck thinking only measuring soil water content will tell you what you need to know. Water content is only one side of a critical two-sided coin. To understand when to water, plant-water stress, or how to characterize drought, you also need to measure water potential. Better data. Better answers. Soil water potential is a crucial measurement for optimizing yield and stewarding the environment because it’s a direct indicator of availability of water for biological processes. If you’re not measuring it, you’re likely getting the wrong answer to your soil moisture questions. Water potential can also help you predict if soil water will move, and where it’s going to go. Join METER soil physicist, Dr. Doug Cobos, as he teaches the basics of this critical measurement. Learn: - What is water potential? - Why water potential isn’t as confusing as it’s made out to be - Common misconceptions about soil water content and water potential - Why water potential is important to you

In this 20-minute webinar, Dr. Colin Campbell demystifies the differences between soil water content measurement methods. He explores the scientific measurement theory and the pros and cons of each method. He also explains which technology might apply to different types of field research, and why modern sensing is about more than just the sensor. Learn: • Measurement theory behind the gravimetric method, capacitance, time-domain reflectometry (TDR), time-domain transmission (TDT), frequency-domain reflectometry (FDR), resistance sensors, and more • Which technology applies to different field situations • What factors matter when choosing a sensor type • Why some methods are not research-grade • How modern sensing is about more than just the sensor • How to determine a good price-to-performance ratio for your unique application

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Automated models for rapid data insights Environmental modeling is crucial for making decisions or understanding what’s happening in the field, but it can be an extremely complex and manual process. Not anymore. Forget endless spreadsheets, equations, and long hours of post processing. ZENTRA Cloud now includes environmental models—so the information you need to make sense of your data can be instantly visualized on a daily basis. Environmental modeling made easy Growing degree days, daily light integral, evapotranspiration, and more! We made the models. Now you can use them. Discover the magic behind the models, how ZENTRA Cloud simplifies and automates the process, and how researchers are using these models in their unique applications. Topics covered: An introduction and some of the scientific methods behind popular ZENTRA Cloud models Plant available water Evapotranspiration (ET) Daily light integral Daily light photoperiod Growing degree days Modified chill hours Case studies: How people are using these models in their research

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Soil Electrical Conductivity: Managing Salts for Sustained High Yields

Managing salts: Why you should care more Mismanagement of salt applied during irrigation ultimately reduces production—drastically in many cases. Irrigating incorrectly also increases water cost and the energy used to apply it. Understanding the salt balance in the soil and knowing the leaching fraction, or the amount of extra irrigation water that must be applied to maintain acceptable root zone salinity is critical to every irrigation manager’s success. Yet monitoring soil salinity is often poorly understood. Measure EC for consistently high crop yields In this webinar, world-renowned soil physicist Dr. Gaylon Campbell teaches the fundamentals of measuring soil electrical conductivity (EC) and how to use a tool that few people think about—but is absolutely essential for maintaining crop yield and profit. Learn: - The sources of salt in irrigated agriculture - How and why salt affects plants - How salt in soil is measured - How common measurements are related to the amount of salt in soil - How salt affects various plant species - How to perform the calculations needed to know how much water to apply for a given water quality

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How do I characterize expansive soils? Will water drain through the soil quickly or be retained? How can I predict deep drainage or runoff? What if you could get an inside picture of the soil moisture relationships that cause these issues? A soil-water characteristic curve shows the relationship between water content and soil suction. And it’s one of the most powerful diagnostic and predictive tools. Learn about what soil-water characteristic curves are and why they’re so powerful.

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Mistakes that kill your estimates Measuring evapotranspiration (ET) to understand water loss from a native or a managed ecosystem is easier than it looks, but you have to know what you’re doing. If you can’t spend the time or money on a full eddy-covariance system, you’ll have to be satisfied with making some assumptions using equations such as Penman-Monteith. Like any model, the accuracy of the output depends on the quality of the inputs, but do you know what measurements are critical for success? Plus, as your instrumentation gets more inaccurate, the errors get larger. If you’re not careful, you can end up with no idea what’s happening to the water in your system. Get the right number every time You don’t have to be a meteorologist or need incredibly expensive equipment to measure ET effectively. In this 30-minute webinar, Campbell Scientific application scientist Dr. Dirk Baker and METER research scientist Dr. Colin Campbell team up to explain: - The fundamentals of energy balance modeling to get ET - Assumptions that can simplify sensor requirements - What you must measure to get adequate ET estimates - Assumptions and common pitfalls - How accurate your equipment should be for good estimates - Causes and implications of uncertainty

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Water content can leave you in the dark Everybody measures soil water content because it’s easy. But if you’re only measuring water content, you may be blind to what your plants are really experiencing. Soil moisture is more complex than estimating how much water is used by vegetation and how much needs to be replaced. If you’re thinking about it that way, you’re only seeing half the picture. You’re assuming you know what the right level of water should be—and that’s extremely difficult using only a water content sensor. Get it right every time Water content is only one side of a critical two-sided coin. To understand when to water or plant water stress, you need to measure both water content and water potential. In this 30-minute webinar, METER soil physicist, Dr. Colin Campbell, discusses how and why scientists combine both types of sensors for more accurate insights. Discover: - Why the “right water level” is different for every soil type - Why soil surveys aren’t sufficient to type your soil for full and refill points - Why you can’t know what a water content “percentage” means to growing plants - How assumptions made when only measuring water content can reduce crop yield and quality - Water potential fundamentals - How water potential sensors measure “plant comfort” like a thermometer - Why water potential is the only accurate way to measure drought stress - Why visual cues happen too late to prevent plant-water problems - Case studies that show why both water content and water potential are necessary to understand the condition of soil water in your experiment or crop

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This document provides an introduction to soil moisture release curves and water potential. It discusses how soil moisture release curves can be used to understand plant water availability and make irrigation decisions. Specifically, it defines water potential and its components. It explains that soil moisture release curves relate extensive water content properties to intensive water potential properties. The document also discusses field capacity and factors that can affect it, such as soil texture. It describes how soil moisture release curves provide additional information about soil properties beyond water retention.

Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops—Part 4: Balancing Light, Water, an...

Are you unwittingly compromising your plants? In a controlled environment many variables affect production. But if any one of those variables gets out of balance, it can undermine your whole operation. For example, if you apply enough nutrients for high production but only enough light for low production, you’ll increase costs and limit yield. To get the most out of your crop, you’ll need to measure and balance environmental inputs correctly to get the most efficient use out of them. If you’re not measuring the right variables, fixing problems that keep you from your goals will be a shot in the dark, because you won’t know what the real problem is. Amplify your production and efficiency In part 4 of our popular controlled-environment webinar series, world-renowned soil physicist, Dr. Gaylon Campbell, teaches what is required to ensure all environmental variables remain balanced for the highest possible efficiency and production. Discover: - How to model biomass production from light, water, and nutrient resources - Relationships between biomass production, light, and CO2 - Relationships between biomass production and water use - Relationships between biomass production and nutrient uptake - Limiting factors in the balance equations - Examples and monitoring applications

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This document summarizes a study on improving food productivity in Sri Lanka's dry zone through conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The study aimed to model the local groundwater system and analyze different operational policies for irrigation schemes. Key steps included selecting a study area, collecting field data, developing a mathematical model, calibrating the model, validating predictions, and analyzing scenarios like modified irrigation operations or boundary treatments. The calibrated model was able to predict future water levels with errors of -0.8% to 2.1%, allowing assessment of management options to optimize water use and agricultural productivity.

Solar energy for_water_desalination

Hafiz Muhammad Faheem

This document is a technical seminar report on using solar energy for water desalination. It provides background on desalination and the need for renewable energy sources. The report will review various desalination technologies and solar technologies that can be coupled with desalination. It will assess feasibility and costs of substituting fuel energy with renewable energy for desalination plants. A literature review traces early developments in desalination back to the 4th century BC and highlights major advances between the 1920s to 1990s including early uses of solar distillation.

20120140505015

IAEME Publication

This document describes the fabrication and analysis of a portable desalination system using solar energy. It discusses the global shortage of drinking water and how desalination is a potential solution. A double slope solar still was fabricated along with a water heater controlled by a thermostat. Vacuum pressure and temperature were measured inside the collecting tank. The system operates using passive solar energy to evaporate and condense water from a saline solution, leaving purified water. It was found that solar distillation effectively removes contaminants and microbes from feed water.

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Manuel Pariona Espino

The document discusses water and wastewater treatment processes in Las Vegas, Nevada. It provides details on several key water treatment facilities, including their locations and capacities. It also analyzes water reserves and potential shortages in the region. The drinking water process is described, with a process flow diagram showing the main treatment steps and instrumentation. Ozone production for water treatment is also investigated.

Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield—Pa...

International Water Management Institute (IWMI)

Rev up your productivity If you’re crop steering to optimize quality and productivity, understanding nutrient concentration is critical to stressing your plants correctly. If nutrient concentrations get too low, you won’t get the production you’re paying for with the rest of your infrastructure. If the concentrations are too high—you’ll risk killing your plants. Measure. Don’t guess. You can’t quantify nutrient concentration just by looking at your plants or tasting the fruit. The only way to know the nutrient concentration is to measure it. Crop steering can only be done if you know the electrical conductivity (EC) of the nutrient solution in the growth substrate. In this 30-minute webinar, world-renowned soil physics expert, Dr. Gaylon Campbell discusses how to measure EC and osmotic stress to optimize crop steering for maximum yield. He’ll cover: - Environmental control of growth and development in plants - Electrical conductivity as a measure of nutrient concentration in the growth medium - Techniques for measuring pore water electrical conductivity in unsaturated media - How to relate pore water electrical conductivity to the bulk conductivity being measured - Crop steering using osmotic stress and how to monitor that stress

Ngla presentation

Emmanuel Aguon

NGLA presentation EV 511 Spr 2014: Nothern Guam Lens Aquifer Professor John J...

Emmanuel Aguon

This document discusses the Northern Guam Lens Aquifer and sustainable groundwater management. It provides background on the aquifer system, including its geology, rainfall patterns, and freshwater lens dynamics. It summarizes previous studies that estimated the aquifer's sustainable yield and compares those estimates to current extraction rates. The document cautions that sustainable yield is not a fixed value and that proper management requires observing trends over time. It argues that the focus should be on economically meeting water needs, not just supply, through approaches like pricing, conservation, and considering alternative technologies and their costs.

GWRM-Theory 1.pdf

WageYado

This document discusses integrated water resource management (IWRM) and groundwater resource management. It defines IWRM as an approach that promotes coordinated development and management of land and water resources, as well as surface and groundwater. Regarding groundwater specifically, the document states that management aims to balance groundwater recharge and withdrawals to ensure long-term sustainability of resources and water quality. It notes that excessive pumping from the Aynalem well field in Mekelle, Ethiopia led to a decline in water levels and abandonment of infrastructure due to unsustainable abstraction rates that did not account for aquifer recharge limits. Proper groundwater management is needed to avoid such consequences of mismanagement.

Irrigation management under saline conditions

WASAG

This document summarizes information about managing water and soil in salt-affected areas under climate change. It discusses that approximately 7% of the world's land is salt-affected, reducing crop productivity. It then discusses various water management strategies for saline conditions, including leaching requirements to remove salt from soil, drainage systems, irrigation systems like drip irrigation, and using multiple water sources by alternating or blending water of different quality. Solar powered water pumping and desalination systems are presented as sustainable solutions for providing clean water. A pilot desalination project in Cape Verde is highlighted.

Alternative Usage Cases for Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Generation

Joshua Benjamin, E.I.

Environmental flows: The concept and applications in India

Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, November 4, 2014. The flows of India’s rivers are increasingly being modified by dams and weirs and abstractions for agriculture and urban use. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing total flow and affecting its variability and seasonality. An Environmental Flow (EF) is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits. Environmental Flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. This presentation looks at how the EF approach has been tested in India and describes a project to apply EF methodology to the upper Ganga.

Dirk Kassenaar EarthFX Watertech 2016

This document summarizes an integrated surface water and groundwater model developed for the MacKay River watershed in Alberta, Canada to assess cumulative effects of oil sands operations on water resources. The model was calibrated against streamflow and groundwater level observations over a 38-year period. Key features included a 400m groundwater grid, 200m surface hydrology grid, representation of geology, climate inputs, vegetation/wetlands, and frozen ground processes. The calibrated model will be used to simulate current and future conditions to evaluate sustainability.

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Rainwater Harvesting - Indian Railways

Rain Water Harvesting - Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering

Rainwater Harvesting - Indian Railways

Qurat ul ain ahmad

Ph d presentation npc final

Solar energy for_water_desalination

20120140505015

INDTECH Final Research Paper

Irrigation of Controlled Environment Crops for Increased Quality and Yield—Pa...

Ngla presentation

NGLA presentation EV 511 Spr 2014: Nothern Guam Lens Aquifer Professor John J...

GWRM-Theory 1.pdf

Irrigation management under saline conditions

Alternative Usage Cases for Pressure Retarded Osmosis Power Generation

Environmental flows: The concept and applications in India

Dirk Kassenaar EarthFX Watertech 2016

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