Satellite viruses are sub-viral agents that depend on a helper virus for replication. The first reported satellite virus was Tobacco necrosis satellite virus. Satellite viruses contain nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat and lack genes for replication. Satellite genomes can be single-stranded RNA, DNA, or circular RNA.
Satellite RNAs are small, linear or circular RNA strands found in certain multicomponent virus particles. They do not encode their own coat protein and depend on a helper virus for replication and encapsidation.
Viroids were discovered in 1971 and are small, circular, naked RNA molecules that replicate independently using host polymerases. Well-studied viroids include potato spindle tuber viroid and av
Coronavirus and NMD (nonsense mediated mRNA decay)MD ROBEL AHMED
This presentation discusses the interplay between coronaviruses and the host cell's nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. The presentation shows that:
1) Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) genomic and sub-genomic RNAs are targeted by the host cell's NMD machinery early in infection.
2) Depletion of NMD factors in host cells leads to increased levels of MHV proteins and higher virus titers, indicating NMD targets viral RNAs.
3) The MHV N protein helps inhibit the NMD pathway and makes viral mRNAs resistant to NMD, allowing for increased viral protein synthesis and replication.
This document discusses Cowpea mosaic virus and Cowpea aphid mosaic virus which infect cowpea plants. Cowpea mosaic virus causes chlorotic lesions, concentric ring spots, and vein clearing on infected plants. It is transmitted by various beetle species and has a global distribution excluding Peru. Cowpea aphid mosaic virus causes irregular vein banding and blistering on leaves and is transmitted by various aphid species like Myzus persicae. Both viruses can cause significant yield losses in cowpea. Management strategies include growing resistant varieties, controlling insect vectors, and using virus-free seeds.
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes banana bunchy top disease, which stunts banana plants and produces narrow, yellow, flat leaves clustered at the top. It is transmitted by the banana aphid and is widespread in tropical regions. Symptoms include stunted growth and abnormal, clustered leaves. Control involves killing aphids with insecticides and destroying infected plant material to prevent further spread. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes mosaic-like patches on tomato and tobacco leaves and leaf curling. It is transmitted by direct contact between plants and spreads within plants via plasmodesmata and the phloem. Control
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. CMV is a linear positive-sense tripartite single-stranded RNA virus. Each genomic segment has a 3' tRNA-like structure and a 5’cap. proteins 1a, 2a, 2b, movement protein-3a (MP) and coat protein-3b sgRNA-4 (CP).
The document discusses the Plant Microbiome Project which aims to understand the relationships between plants and their associated microbes. Specifically, it seeks to determine what genetic factors influence whether a microbe benefits or harms a plant. The author's role is to sequence microbes found living in seaweed to study their effects when inoculated in Arabidopsis plants and duckweed. Preliminary results found genera like Bacillus and Geobacillus in bacteria isolated from seaweed in Brazil. Future work includes testing the seaweed microbes' effects on plant growth and sequencing any beneficial microbes.
This document discusses the use of microarray techniques to study shrimp immune responses. Microarrays involve placing thousands of gene sequences on a glass slide called a gene chip. When a DNA or RNA sample is placed on the chip, complementary base pairing produces light that is measured. The document discusses several studies using microarrays to examine shrimp immune responses to various stimuli like viral infections, bacterial infections, immunostimulation, antibiotic treatment, and environmental stress. The microarray results provide insight into immune-related genes and pathways involved in the shrimp's response to different pathogens, treatments, and stressors. The document concludes that microarray analysis is an effective tool for understanding shrimp immune mechanisms and responses.
This document summarizes the general characteristics of plant viruses. It states that most plant viruses contain RNA as their genetic material and have a protein coat but no cell wall. Plant viruses reproduce through mechanical transmission from plant to plant rather than sexually. They can cause symptoms like mosaic patterns, leaf curling, chlorosis and stunting in plants. While they lack cellular structures, plant viruses exhibit some living properties like causing disease and mutating.
Satellite viruses are sub-viral agents that depend on a helper virus for replication. The first reported satellite virus was Tobacco necrosis satellite virus. Satellite viruses contain nucleic acids enclosed in a protein coat and lack genes for replication. Satellite genomes can be single-stranded RNA, DNA, or circular RNA.
Satellite RNAs are small, linear or circular RNA strands found in certain multicomponent virus particles. They do not encode their own coat protein and depend on a helper virus for replication and encapsidation.
Viroids were discovered in 1971 and are small, circular, naked RNA molecules that replicate independently using host polymerases. Well-studied viroids include potato spindle tuber viroid and av
Coronavirus and NMD (nonsense mediated mRNA decay)MD ROBEL AHMED
This presentation discusses the interplay between coronaviruses and the host cell's nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. The presentation shows that:
1) Murine hepatitis virus (MHV) genomic and sub-genomic RNAs are targeted by the host cell's NMD machinery early in infection.
2) Depletion of NMD factors in host cells leads to increased levels of MHV proteins and higher virus titers, indicating NMD targets viral RNAs.
3) The MHV N protein helps inhibit the NMD pathway and makes viral mRNAs resistant to NMD, allowing for increased viral protein synthesis and replication.
This document discusses Cowpea mosaic virus and Cowpea aphid mosaic virus which infect cowpea plants. Cowpea mosaic virus causes chlorotic lesions, concentric ring spots, and vein clearing on infected plants. It is transmitted by various beetle species and has a global distribution excluding Peru. Cowpea aphid mosaic virus causes irregular vein banding and blistering on leaves and is transmitted by various aphid species like Myzus persicae. Both viruses can cause significant yield losses in cowpea. Management strategies include growing resistant varieties, controlling insect vectors, and using virus-free seeds.
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that causes banana bunchy top disease, which stunts banana plants and produces narrow, yellow, flat leaves clustered at the top. It is transmitted by the banana aphid and is widespread in tropical regions. Symptoms include stunted growth and abnormal, clustered leaves. Control involves killing aphids with insecticides and destroying infected plant material to prevent further spread. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes mosaic-like patches on tomato and tobacco leaves and leaf curling. It is transmitted by direct contact between plants and spreads within plants via plasmodesmata and the phloem. Control
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. CMV is a linear positive-sense tripartite single-stranded RNA virus. Each genomic segment has a 3' tRNA-like structure and a 5’cap. proteins 1a, 2a, 2b, movement protein-3a (MP) and coat protein-3b sgRNA-4 (CP).
The document discusses the Plant Microbiome Project which aims to understand the relationships between plants and their associated microbes. Specifically, it seeks to determine what genetic factors influence whether a microbe benefits or harms a plant. The author's role is to sequence microbes found living in seaweed to study their effects when inoculated in Arabidopsis plants and duckweed. Preliminary results found genera like Bacillus and Geobacillus in bacteria isolated from seaweed in Brazil. Future work includes testing the seaweed microbes' effects on plant growth and sequencing any beneficial microbes.
This document discusses the use of microarray techniques to study shrimp immune responses. Microarrays involve placing thousands of gene sequences on a glass slide called a gene chip. When a DNA or RNA sample is placed on the chip, complementary base pairing produces light that is measured. The document discusses several studies using microarrays to examine shrimp immune responses to various stimuli like viral infections, bacterial infections, immunostimulation, antibiotic treatment, and environmental stress. The microarray results provide insight into immune-related genes and pathways involved in the shrimp's response to different pathogens, treatments, and stressors. The document concludes that microarray analysis is an effective tool for understanding shrimp immune mechanisms and responses.
This document summarizes the general characteristics of plant viruses. It states that most plant viruses contain RNA as their genetic material and have a protein coat but no cell wall. Plant viruses reproduce through mechanical transmission from plant to plant rather than sexually. They can cause symptoms like mosaic patterns, leaf curling, chlorosis and stunting in plants. While they lack cellular structures, plant viruses exhibit some living properties like causing disease and mutating.
This document discusses Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), which infects over 350 plant species including economically important crops like tobacco and tomatoes. TMV is a rod-shaped virus composed of RNA and coat proteins. It replicates by translating its RNA inside plant cells and using movement proteins to spread between cells. Infection causes mosaic patterns, necrosis, curling and stunted growth. TMV is transmitted mechanically through contaminated tools or plant material and can overwinter in weeds or debris. Management strategies include using virus-free plants, removing weeds, disinfecting tools, and propagating through seed rather than vegetative material.
Isolation of Novel Mycobacteriophages from Tropical Soils of Puerto Rico avargas11
The document contains data from soil samples collected in Puerto Rico by four students - Aida Vargas de Jesus, Danilo Trinidad Pérez Rivera, Lizbeth Perez Castro, and Javier M. Zavala Ayala - as part of the RISE Program in the Department of Biology led by Prof. Eneida Díaz Pérez and Prof. Michael Rubin. The document includes tables with the coordinates, descriptions, locations, and dates of 12 soil samples collected by Danilo Trinidad Pérez Rivera and 7 soil samples collected by Aida Vargas de Jesus.
(Mazhar)isolation & control of banana bunchy top virusChromosome Khan
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a serious disease of bananas that is difficult to eradicate once established. It is spread by the banana aphid and causes symptoms like dark green streaks and hook-like veins in the leaves. The research aims to detect, characterize, and control BBTV using pathogen derived resistance by isolating the viral core protein gene and introducing it into bananas.
Role of whitefly in plant virus transmission by p.manikandanblacken323
This document discusses the role of whiteflies in plant virus transmission. It begins with the taxonomy of whiteflies, noting that there are over 1550 worldwide species, with Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and Trialeurodes abutilonea being the most important for transmitting viruses. It then covers the virus-vector relationship, the economic importance of whiteflies in causing direct damage and transmitting over 100 viruses indirectly, and the mechanisms of virus transmission through contaminated saliva and sexually. Key viruses transmitted include geminiviruses, criniviruses, and closteroviruses that impact important crop plants such as tomatoes, beans, cucurbits, and more.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
This document provides an introduction to plant viruses, including their structure, types (virus, virion, prion, viroids, virusoids), and importance. It then summarizes key information about several important plant viruses: Cotton Leaf Curl Disease caused by begomovirus and its symptoms, disease cycle, and management; Banana Bunchy Top Disease caused by babuvirus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemiology, and management; Potato Leaf Roll Disease caused by polerovirus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemiology, and management; Tobacco Mosaic Virus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemiology, and management; Sugarcane Mosaic Virus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemi
Viruses that infect plants, known as plant viruses, are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on plant cells to replicate. They have a variety of genome structures including single and double-stranded DNA and RNA. Plant viruses are spread through both horizontal transmission by vectors like insects, fungi, and nematodes, and vertical transmission from parent to offspring through seeds or grafts. Infection by plant viruses can stunt plant growth and decrease crop yields by inducing symptoms such as mosaic patterns, yellowing, and deformation. While there are no cures for plant viruses, integrated management practices like using virus-free seeds and controlling vectors can help reduce their impact.
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. They were first observed in cultivated mushrooms in the 1940s, causing a disease called La France Disease. Mycovirology is the study of viruses that infect fungi. Most mycoviruses have double-stranded RNA genomes, though some have positive-sense single-stranded RNA. They can infect fungi in all four phyla. While some mycovirus infections are asymptomatic, others can alter fungal phenotypes like reducing growth or sporulation. Transmission occurs through hyphal fusion or spores. Some mycoviruses like those in the families Reoviridae, Hypoviridae, and Totiviridae exclusively infect fungi. Hypovirulence is when a
Gentic engineering for disease resistance in cropsChainika Gupta
Genetic engineering can be used to develop transgenic disease resistance in crops. First generation strategies introduced single antimicrobial genes, but second generation strategies manipulate entire signaling pathways for more durable resistance. Targets for second generation strategies include modifying defense signaling pathways using hormones, defense modulators like NPR1, transcription factors like WRKY, and R-genes. Other strategies express virulence factor detoxifiers, antimicrobial peptides/metabolites, phytoalexins, viral coat proteins or replicases, and antisense RNA to inhibit various plant pathogens. While promising, developing transgenic resistance also faces challenges like durability and effects on other pathogens.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...ICRISAT
To assess the impacts of climatic variability on major pests of various agro-climatic zones of India.To generate strategic knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation for pests and diseases using field and simulation studies,to improve capacity of stakeholders & develop a framework for dissemination of climate resilient technologies related to pest and diseases.
This document summarizes innovations in agricultural technology from the Faculty of Agriculture at Gadjah Mada University that support UPSUS PAJALE programs. It discusses three main points:
1. Developments in bacterial endophyte and mycorrhizal technologies to promote sustainable rice and soybean production, including Bacillus inoculants to improve seedling health and drought tolerance.
2. Field trials with farmers of these technologies, including making Bacillus inoculants, applying them to seedlings, and testing their effects on rice yields.
3. Expansion of the mycorrhizal technology to corn with testing showing it can increase yields by improving phosphorus, zinc and copper acquisition.
All virus diseases and its vectors in field cropsvasanthkumar650
This document provides information on viral diseases and their vectors in various field crops. It lists the crop, viral disease, causative virus, symptoms, and vector for numerous cereal, pulse, oilseed, fibre, sugar, narcotic, and mulberry crops. The diseases covered include rice tungro, ragged stunt of rice, rice yellow dwarf, rice grassy stunt, barley yellow dwarf, maize stripe, maize streak, maize dwarf mosaic, mottle streak of ragi, sterility mosaic of pigeonpea, yellow mosaic of mungbean and blackgram, leaf crinkle and leaf curl/necrosis of blackgram, cowpea mosaic, cowpea aphid borne mosaic
Intracellular highways in the plants: the role of the cytoskeleton in camv i...CIAT
The document discusses research on the intracellular movement of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) particles. It finds that the CaMV P6 protein forms motile inclusion bodies that traffic along the plant cell's actin microfilaments and stabilize microtubules. The P6 inclusion bodies are hypothesized to function as "virion factories" where CaMV particles assemble before being transported to plasmodesmata for movement between cells. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the host protein CHUP1, which mediates chloroplast movement along microfilaments, as interacting with P6. Silencing CHUP1 reduced the rate of CaMV lesion development, supporting its role in P6 inclusion body movement.
Virus infection and replication occurs in several steps:
1. The virus attaches to and enters the host plant cells, usually through wounds caused by vectors like insects or mechanical damage.
2. Once inside the cell, the viral genome is released from its protein coat through uncoating.
3. The viral genome then hijacks the host cell machinery to replicate, transcribe mRNA, and translate proteins.
New viral genomes and capsids are assembled and the mature virions are released to infect new cells.
Bean root rot diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens like Pythium and Fusarium species are an increasing problem in East and Central Africa, causing substantial yield losses. The document summarizes efforts to characterize the pathogens, identify resistant varieties, improve resistance through breeding, and develop integrated management strategies. Key results include identifying 11 pathogenic Pythium species in the region, sources of resistance in varieties like RWR 719 and MLB-49-89A, and developing molecular markers for use in marker-assisted selection.
This research proposal aims to synthesize and characterize nanocomposites of Vinca rosea (sadabahar) for use as an anticancer treatment. The student, Umar Farooq, will create nanocomposites by reducing Vinca plants which produce chemicals like vinblastine and vincristine that treat various cancers. Characterization will include UV-visible analysis, powder XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM to analyze the nanocomposite's structure and composition. The nanocomposites may have anti-cancer, memory enhancement, wound healing and other pharmacological properties for medicinal use.
Adenoviral vectors are modified adenoviruses that can deliver genetic material into host cells. Adenoviruses are medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses containing double-stranded DNA. They can efficiently transfer DNA/RNA into cells and have been used to construct viral vectors. Wild type adenoviruses are modified by deleting non-essential genes and adding exogenous genetic material to create viral vectors. Three generations of adenoviral vectors have been developed for gene therapy, with later generations having improved safety profiles and ability to carry larger DNA payloads.
The document discusses estimating effective population size in social insects versus solitary insects. It aims to run the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) method across a wide range of social and solitary insect species to analyze and compare their effective population sizes. It also mentions modular bioinformatics tools for building analysis workflows and data pipelines.
Plant viruses are transmitted from plant to plant in a number of ways.
Transmission of viruses by vegetative propagation.
Mechanical transmission of viruses through sap.
Transmission of viruses by seed.
Transmission of viruses by Pollen.
Transmission of viruses by dodder.
Transmission by vectors.
International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: breeding strategies and meth...ICARDA
A. Morgunov (CIMMYT-Turkey)
B. Akin (CIMMYT-Turkey),
Y. Kaya (B. Dagdas International Agric. Research Institute, Turkey)
M. Keser (ICARDA-Turkey)
K. Nazari (ICARDA-Syria)
Z. Mert (Central Field Crop Research Institute, Turkey),
R. Sharma (ICARDA-Uzbekistan)
T. Wuletaw (ICARDA-Syria)
El agua de coco tiene numerosos beneficios nutricionales y propiedades medicinales. Es baja en calorías, grasa y azúcar, y contiene electrolitos que ayudan a mantener los niveles de fluidos del cuerpo. También puede ayudar a tratar infecciones, mejorar la digestión, prevenir enfermedades y promover la salud de la piel. El perejil hervido en agua puede usarse para limpiar los riñones y el hígado al eliminar la sal y las toxinas a través de la orina.
Este documento proporciona información sobre cómo prevenir enfermedades infecciosas mediante buenas prácticas de higiene. Describe los pasos para lavarse las manos correctamente, limpiar y desinfectar superficies, cocinar completamente los alimentos, y refrigerar los alimentos de manera rápida. También advierte sobre los riesgos de contraer enfermedades de animales domésticos y silvestres, y recomienda vacunar a las mascotas.
This document discusses Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV), which infects over 350 plant species including economically important crops like tobacco and tomatoes. TMV is a rod-shaped virus composed of RNA and coat proteins. It replicates by translating its RNA inside plant cells and using movement proteins to spread between cells. Infection causes mosaic patterns, necrosis, curling and stunted growth. TMV is transmitted mechanically through contaminated tools or plant material and can overwinter in weeds or debris. Management strategies include using virus-free plants, removing weeds, disinfecting tools, and propagating through seed rather than vegetative material.
Isolation of Novel Mycobacteriophages from Tropical Soils of Puerto Rico avargas11
The document contains data from soil samples collected in Puerto Rico by four students - Aida Vargas de Jesus, Danilo Trinidad Pérez Rivera, Lizbeth Perez Castro, and Javier M. Zavala Ayala - as part of the RISE Program in the Department of Biology led by Prof. Eneida Díaz Pérez and Prof. Michael Rubin. The document includes tables with the coordinates, descriptions, locations, and dates of 12 soil samples collected by Danilo Trinidad Pérez Rivera and 7 soil samples collected by Aida Vargas de Jesus.
(Mazhar)isolation & control of banana bunchy top virusChromosome Khan
Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) is a serious disease of bananas that is difficult to eradicate once established. It is spread by the banana aphid and causes symptoms like dark green streaks and hook-like veins in the leaves. The research aims to detect, characterize, and control BBTV using pathogen derived resistance by isolating the viral core protein gene and introducing it into bananas.
Role of whitefly in plant virus transmission by p.manikandanblacken323
This document discusses the role of whiteflies in plant virus transmission. It begins with the taxonomy of whiteflies, noting that there are over 1550 worldwide species, with Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, and Trialeurodes abutilonea being the most important for transmitting viruses. It then covers the virus-vector relationship, the economic importance of whiteflies in causing direct damage and transmitting over 100 viruses indirectly, and the mechanisms of virus transmission through contaminated saliva and sexually. Key viruses transmitted include geminiviruses, criniviruses, and closteroviruses that impact important crop plants such as tomatoes, beans, cucurbits, and more.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
This document provides an introduction to plant viruses, including their structure, types (virus, virion, prion, viroids, virusoids), and importance. It then summarizes key information about several important plant viruses: Cotton Leaf Curl Disease caused by begomovirus and its symptoms, disease cycle, and management; Banana Bunchy Top Disease caused by babuvirus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemiology, and management; Potato Leaf Roll Disease caused by polerovirus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemiology, and management; Tobacco Mosaic Virus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemiology, and management; Sugarcane Mosaic Virus and its symptoms, disease cycle, epidemi
Viruses that infect plants, known as plant viruses, are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on plant cells to replicate. They have a variety of genome structures including single and double-stranded DNA and RNA. Plant viruses are spread through both horizontal transmission by vectors like insects, fungi, and nematodes, and vertical transmission from parent to offspring through seeds or grafts. Infection by plant viruses can stunt plant growth and decrease crop yields by inducing symptoms such as mosaic patterns, yellowing, and deformation. While there are no cures for plant viruses, integrated management practices like using virus-free seeds and controlling vectors can help reduce their impact.
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi. They were first observed in cultivated mushrooms in the 1940s, causing a disease called La France Disease. Mycovirology is the study of viruses that infect fungi. Most mycoviruses have double-stranded RNA genomes, though some have positive-sense single-stranded RNA. They can infect fungi in all four phyla. While some mycovirus infections are asymptomatic, others can alter fungal phenotypes like reducing growth or sporulation. Transmission occurs through hyphal fusion or spores. Some mycoviruses like those in the families Reoviridae, Hypoviridae, and Totiviridae exclusively infect fungi. Hypovirulence is when a
Gentic engineering for disease resistance in cropsChainika Gupta
Genetic engineering can be used to develop transgenic disease resistance in crops. First generation strategies introduced single antimicrobial genes, but second generation strategies manipulate entire signaling pathways for more durable resistance. Targets for second generation strategies include modifying defense signaling pathways using hormones, defense modulators like NPR1, transcription factors like WRKY, and R-genes. Other strategies express virulence factor detoxifiers, antimicrobial peptides/metabolites, phytoalexins, viral coat proteins or replicases, and antisense RNA to inhibit various plant pathogens. While promising, developing transgenic resistance also faces challenges like durability and effects on other pathogens.
Asia Regional Planning Meeting-Integrated Crop Management and Climate Change ...ICRISAT
To assess the impacts of climatic variability on major pests of various agro-climatic zones of India.To generate strategic knowledge for climate change adaptation and mitigation for pests and diseases using field and simulation studies,to improve capacity of stakeholders & develop a framework for dissemination of climate resilient technologies related to pest and diseases.
This document summarizes innovations in agricultural technology from the Faculty of Agriculture at Gadjah Mada University that support UPSUS PAJALE programs. It discusses three main points:
1. Developments in bacterial endophyte and mycorrhizal technologies to promote sustainable rice and soybean production, including Bacillus inoculants to improve seedling health and drought tolerance.
2. Field trials with farmers of these technologies, including making Bacillus inoculants, applying them to seedlings, and testing their effects on rice yields.
3. Expansion of the mycorrhizal technology to corn with testing showing it can increase yields by improving phosphorus, zinc and copper acquisition.
All virus diseases and its vectors in field cropsvasanthkumar650
This document provides information on viral diseases and their vectors in various field crops. It lists the crop, viral disease, causative virus, symptoms, and vector for numerous cereal, pulse, oilseed, fibre, sugar, narcotic, and mulberry crops. The diseases covered include rice tungro, ragged stunt of rice, rice yellow dwarf, rice grassy stunt, barley yellow dwarf, maize stripe, maize streak, maize dwarf mosaic, mottle streak of ragi, sterility mosaic of pigeonpea, yellow mosaic of mungbean and blackgram, leaf crinkle and leaf curl/necrosis of blackgram, cowpea mosaic, cowpea aphid borne mosaic
Intracellular highways in the plants: the role of the cytoskeleton in camv i...CIAT
The document discusses research on the intracellular movement of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) particles. It finds that the CaMV P6 protein forms motile inclusion bodies that traffic along the plant cell's actin microfilaments and stabilize microtubules. The P6 inclusion bodies are hypothesized to function as "virion factories" where CaMV particles assemble before being transported to plasmodesmata for movement between cells. A yeast two-hybrid screen identified the host protein CHUP1, which mediates chloroplast movement along microfilaments, as interacting with P6. Silencing CHUP1 reduced the rate of CaMV lesion development, supporting its role in P6 inclusion body movement.
Virus infection and replication occurs in several steps:
1. The virus attaches to and enters the host plant cells, usually through wounds caused by vectors like insects or mechanical damage.
2. Once inside the cell, the viral genome is released from its protein coat through uncoating.
3. The viral genome then hijacks the host cell machinery to replicate, transcribe mRNA, and translate proteins.
New viral genomes and capsids are assembled and the mature virions are released to infect new cells.
Bean root rot diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens like Pythium and Fusarium species are an increasing problem in East and Central Africa, causing substantial yield losses. The document summarizes efforts to characterize the pathogens, identify resistant varieties, improve resistance through breeding, and develop integrated management strategies. Key results include identifying 11 pathogenic Pythium species in the region, sources of resistance in varieties like RWR 719 and MLB-49-89A, and developing molecular markers for use in marker-assisted selection.
This research proposal aims to synthesize and characterize nanocomposites of Vinca rosea (sadabahar) for use as an anticancer treatment. The student, Umar Farooq, will create nanocomposites by reducing Vinca plants which produce chemicals like vinblastine and vincristine that treat various cancers. Characterization will include UV-visible analysis, powder XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM to analyze the nanocomposite's structure and composition. The nanocomposites may have anti-cancer, memory enhancement, wound healing and other pharmacological properties for medicinal use.
Adenoviral vectors are modified adenoviruses that can deliver genetic material into host cells. Adenoviruses are medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses containing double-stranded DNA. They can efficiently transfer DNA/RNA into cells and have been used to construct viral vectors. Wild type adenoviruses are modified by deleting non-essential genes and adding exogenous genetic material to create viral vectors. Three generations of adenoviral vectors have been developed for gene therapy, with later generations having improved safety profiles and ability to carry larger DNA payloads.
The document discusses estimating effective population size in social insects versus solitary insects. It aims to run the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC) method across a wide range of social and solitary insect species to analyze and compare their effective population sizes. It also mentions modular bioinformatics tools for building analysis workflows and data pipelines.
Plant viruses are transmitted from plant to plant in a number of ways.
Transmission of viruses by vegetative propagation.
Mechanical transmission of viruses through sap.
Transmission of viruses by seed.
Transmission of viruses by Pollen.
Transmission of viruses by dodder.
Transmission by vectors.
International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: breeding strategies and meth...ICARDA
A. Morgunov (CIMMYT-Turkey)
B. Akin (CIMMYT-Turkey),
Y. Kaya (B. Dagdas International Agric. Research Institute, Turkey)
M. Keser (ICARDA-Turkey)
K. Nazari (ICARDA-Syria)
Z. Mert (Central Field Crop Research Institute, Turkey),
R. Sharma (ICARDA-Uzbekistan)
T. Wuletaw (ICARDA-Syria)
El agua de coco tiene numerosos beneficios nutricionales y propiedades medicinales. Es baja en calorías, grasa y azúcar, y contiene electrolitos que ayudan a mantener los niveles de fluidos del cuerpo. También puede ayudar a tratar infecciones, mejorar la digestión, prevenir enfermedades y promover la salud de la piel. El perejil hervido en agua puede usarse para limpiar los riñones y el hígado al eliminar la sal y las toxinas a través de la orina.
Este documento proporciona información sobre cómo prevenir enfermedades infecciosas mediante buenas prácticas de higiene. Describe los pasos para lavarse las manos correctamente, limpiar y desinfectar superficies, cocinar completamente los alimentos, y refrigerar los alimentos de manera rápida. También advierte sobre los riesgos de contraer enfermedades de animales domésticos y silvestres, y recomienda vacunar a las mascotas.
La Revista Annals d’Urologia és una publicació de la Societat Catalana d'Urologia que publica articles en català, castellà i en anglès que tinguin interès per a qualsevol especialista d'Urologia i altres professionals sanitaris.
Systemy informacji przestrzennej (GIS) w warsztacie projektanta urbanisty ...zfjarom
Autor: Jaromar Łukowicz
Zakres tematyczny prezentacji
1. Specyfika planowania przestrzennego – interdyscyplinarność i powiązanie z położeniem w przestrzeni.
2. Wprowadzenie do systemów informacji przestrzennej (GIS).
3. INSPIRE – problemy integracji danych i infrastruktura informacji przestrzennej: próba racjonalnego uporządkowania i upowszechnienia dostępu i wykorzystania informacji przestrzennej.
4. GIS, jako szansa dla projektantów i administracji – wspomaganie
procedur administracyjnych, procesy projektowania i wymiany zasobów informacji przestrzennej.
Hop the Cock lives on a farm and works as a clock, singing every morning to wake up all the kids and signal that the day has started with his greeting of "Good Morning!".
El documento informa sobre varios temas de actualidad en Pilar, incluyendo una reunión entre el precandidato a intendente José Molina y el jefe de policía para coordinar medidas de seguridad de cara a fin de año, críticas de la oposición a la suba de tasas municipales, y la extensión de la campaña de vacunación en el distrito.
El documento describe cómo el calentamiento global está afectando a la ciudad de Huaraz en Perú. Las principales causas incluyen las emisiones de dióxido de carbono de los autos y las industrias, la minería y la destrucción de vegetación debido a aluviones e inundaciones. Algunas consecuencias son el derretimiento del nevado Pastoruri, sequías en varias partes de Ancash y efectos en la agricultura local. Las soluciones propuestas son el reciclaje, ahorrar energía y detener la deforestación.
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Un Centro de Contacto IP permite la implementación de un modelo de contact center basado en voz sobre IP, lo que ofrece beneficios como ahorros en costos de telecomunicaciones, administración centralizada de recursos de varias ubicaciones y flexibilidad para el trabajo remoto. Sin embargo, también implica retos como garantizar la calidad en la transmisión de voz y estrategias para la gestión del cambio organizacional.
Este documento resume las proyecciones laborales de la carrera de Telemática en Chile y analiza si la malla curricular satisface los requerimientos del mercado. Presenta estudios sobre solicitudes de trabajo, comparaciones entre la malla y dichos requerimientos, y ejemplos de trabajos de título de alumnos que abordan problemas relevantes mediante el uso de tecnologías de la información.
Este documento describe la carrera de ingeniería civil. Detalla los perfiles deseables de los aspirantes como dominio del inglés, habilidades con computadoras y creatividad. Explica las áreas de desarrollo como construcción, estructuras, geotecnia, ingeniería sanitaria e hidráulica. El objetivo es formar profesionales que mejoren la calidad de vida a través del desarrollo y mantenimiento de la infraestructura. Los egresados podrán trabajar en el sector público, privado o educativo.
He aquí una pequeña presentación del posible trabajo y actividades que un lector de español puede llevar a cabo en sus clases de español en la universidad francesa: CE, EE, CO, EE, interacción, pronunciación, fonética.
Presentado como taller en la III jornada de formación de profesores de español Edinumen en Lyon:
http://www.edinumen.es/index.php?option=com_zoo&task=item&item_id=32&Itemid=135
¡Espero sirva de ayuda e inspiración e innovación a la comunidad de docentes de ELE! ;-)
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Este documento trata sobre el suicidio y cubre varios temas clave como las definiciones de suicidio según diferentes organizaciones, los tipos de suicidio, las características y causas del suicidio, los tóxicos comúnmente usados en los suicidios y los factores que influyen en el suicidio como factores sociales, familiares, económicos y de salud mental. También menciona brevemente las perspectivas legales del suicidio según el Código Civil y Penal del Perú.
La tecnología es la ciencia encargada de estudiar los patrones de comportamie...tecoscar
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Applying agricultural biotechnology tools and capabilities to enhance food se...ExternalEvents
Applying agricultural biotechnology tools and capabilities to enhance food security and nutrition from local food crops to stimulate sustainable income opportunities for small holder farmers to reduce poverty presentation by "Howard-Yana Shapiro, Mars Incorporated, Dranesville and
University of California Davis, Davis, United States of America"
Biotechnology - Plant Biotechnology (Transgenic plants, Herbicide Resistant Plants, Glyphosate Tolerant Plants, Sulphonylurea Tolerant Plants, Atrazine Tolerant Plants, Phosphinothricin Tolerant Plants, Bromoxynil Tolerant Plants, Insect Resistant Plants, Animal Cells, Plant Cells, Tissue Cultures, Viruses, Prokaryotes)
Plant biotechnology is a precise process in which scientific techniques are used to develop molecular and cellular based technologies to improve plant productivity, quality and health; to improve the quality of plant products; or to prevent, reduce or eliminate constraints to plant productivity caused by diseases, pest organisms and environmental stresses. It can be defined as human intervention on plant material by means of technological instruments in order to produce permanent effects, and includes genetic engineering and gene manipulation to obtain transgenic plants.
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Plant Biotechnology, Biotechnology Industry in India, Opportunities in Biotechnology and Business, Commercialization of Plant Tissue Culture in India, Agricultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Industry in India, Biotechnology in India, Plant Biotech, Plant Tissue Culture, Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture, Plant Biology & Plant Biotechnology, Profitable Biotechnology Business Ideas, Small Business Ideas in Plant Biotechnology Industry, How to Start Small Scale Plant Biotech Industry in India, Start Tissue Culture Biotechnology, Plant Biotechnology Ideas for Small Business, Plant Biotechnology Business Plan, Plant Biotechnology Ideas, Plant Biotechnology Startups in India, Organisms of Biotechnology, Animal Cells, Plant Cells, Transgenic Plants, Herbicide Resistant Plants, Glyphosate Tolerant Plants, Sulphonylurea Tolerant Plants, Atrazine Tolerant Plants, Phosphinothricin Tolerant Plants, Bromoxynil Tolerant Plants, Insect Resistant Plants, Transgenic Plants With Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor, Transgenic Plants With Viral Coat Protein, Transgenic Plants With Viral Nucleoprotein, Transgenic Plants With Viral SAT RNA, Transgenic Plants With Antisense RNA, Transgenic Plants Resistant to Fungi and Bacteria, Transgenic Plants With Improved Storage Proteins, Stress Tolerant Plants, Cold Tolerant Plants, Drought Tolerant Plants, Pharmaceutical Compounds, Biodegradable Plastics, Biological Nitrogen Fixations, Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, Nif-Genes of Azotobacter, Nif-Genes of Anabaena, Legume Nodulin Genes, Transfer of Nif Genes to Yeasts, Transfer of Nif-Genes to Plants, Transfer of Hup Genes
Global trends in the development and use of bio-pesticides ILRI
Bio-pesticides are gaining increased acceptance from farmers and large agrochemical companies. Bio-pesticides include microbial, biochemical, and natural enemy pesticides derived from natural materials. They offer benefits like being less harmful and allowing more flexible harvesting. However, bio-pesticides represent only 2% of the pesticide market currently due to challenges like variable effectiveness, high registration costs, and lack of awareness. Seed treatment is a promising application area for bio-pesticides to provide systemic protection. Further research and education are needed to help bio-pesticides realize their potential to support sustainable agriculture.
Solutions for Impact in Emerging Markets: The role of biotechnologyICRISAT
To develop and deploy state-of-the-art infrastructure for conduct of transgenic research and to act as a clearinghouse for technology inputs, transgenic research leads/ prototypes with proof of concept derived from Indian research institutes, universities, and other likely sources.Also to evolve the technology to a point where a practical application can be demonstrated, and transfer this “evolved” technology for product development and distribution to appropriate agencies.
This document provides information about the 4th Plant Genomics and Gene Editing Asia Congress to be held on April 10-11, 2017 in Hong Kong. Over the past 5 years, plant research has been transformed by breakthroughs in sequencing technologies and data analysis. The conference will bring together over 200 experts working in plant science to discuss the latest NGS, omics, and gene editing technologies and their applications in plant research. Presentations will focus on regional crops and cover topics like genome editing, phenomics, disease resistance, and bioinformatics. The goal is to facilitate knowledge sharing and networking between researchers using these techniques and those looking to adopt new technologies and analysis approaches.
Microbiome & Probiotics Forum USA agenda 2017Gavin Hambrook
Here's our new look agenda for the Microbiome and Probiotics Forum in San Diego this November. What do you think?
50+ speakers
30+ sponsors
400+ attendees
Mass production and quality control of Bio-inoculants for organic farmingharish15051995
This document discusses technologies to transform Indian agriculture. It notes that declining productivity, diminishing food production, a growing population, and food security are pressing concerns for Indian agriculture. Biotechnology is identified as a key contributor to enhanced global food production. The document outlines various biotechnological techniques used globally to improve seed traits like yield, nutrition, stress tolerance, and pest/disease resistance. It discusses India's efforts in biotech seeds and notes challenges in commercializing new technologies. The document also examines applications of agronanotechnology and the need for regulations, infrastructure, partnerships, and technology transfer to advance nanotechnology in Indian agriculture.
This document discusses technologies to transform Indian agriculture. It notes that declining productivity, diminishing food production, a growing population, and food security are pressing concerns for Indian agriculture. Biotechnology is identified as a key contributor to enhanced global food production. The document outlines various biotechnological techniques used globally to improve seed traits like yield, nutrition, stress tolerance, and pest/disease resistance. It discusses India's efforts in biotech seeds and notes challenges in commercializing new technologies. The document also examines applications of agronanotechnology and the need for regulations, infrastructure, partnerships, and technology transfer to advance nanotechnology in Indian agriculture.
genetically modified organisms (related to IPR) by Tahura MariyamTahura Mariyam Ansari
this presentation is about What are GMO’s?
and its contents include How does this differ from Mendel and his peas?
Why to do it?
Benefits of Genetic Engineering and Modifying, Risks associated with Genetic Modification, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Guidelines for GMO creation and release, Transformation of plant cells, Gene flow, Patent protection can be conferred on plant materials in the following ways and Genetically Modified Plants: Patent Protection
intelectual property rights on transgenicsAnilkumar C
This document discusses transgenic crops, including their promises such as increased food production and quality as well as reduced pesticide usage. It outlines the process of making transgenic plants and provides an overview of GM crop status globally and in India. The document also discusses the handling, testing, and regulatory issues around transgenic crops, including the various competent authorities and categories of genetic engineering experiments in India. It notes the infrastructure needed to work with transgenic crops, including laboratory, greenhouse, and field facilities, and the roles of public and private sectors in agricultural biotechnology research.
Prabhat MBB-602 Conventional versus non-conventional methods for crop improve...PrabhatSingh628463
The document is an assignment presentation on conventional versus non-conventional methods for crop improvement. It discusses several methods for both conventional breeding such as selection and hybridization as well as newer biotechnology methods like genetic engineering, marker assisted selection, mutation breeding, and plant tissue culture. It provides examples of each method and compares their advantages and limitations for improving crops.
GMO's are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. A GMO is produced by inserting a gene from one organism into another, resulting in the expression of new traits. Major GMO crops include herbicide-resistant soybeans and corn, insect-resistant corn and cotton. While growers see benefits of higher yields and fewer pesticides, consumers and environmentalists have concerns about potential health risks and environmental impacts. Attitudes toward GMOs vary significantly among stakeholders.
Advances in Vegetable Improvement through Biotechnological ApproachAditika Sharma
The document discusses various biotechnological approaches that can be used to improve vegetables, including genetic engineering, molecular markers, and tissue culture techniques. It provides examples of how transgenic crops have been developed with traits like virus resistance, herbicide tolerance, and improved nutrition. Molecular markers can be used for marker-assisted selection, genetic mapping, and introgressing traits from wild relatives. The global adoption of biotech crops is also summarized. Genome sequencing of various crops is helping with marker development and gene discovery.
This document discusses plant biotechnology, including its definition as using tissue culture and genetic engineering techniques to produce genetically modified plants with new traits. It describes plant biotechnology's relationship to other sciences like genetics and molecular biology. Applications of plant biotechnology include micropropagation, producing disease-free plants, improving varieties, and nitrogen fixation in non-legumes. Achievements involve developing Bt crops, Golden Rice, and stress-tolerant crops. The future of biotechnology may include more transgenic crops with improved traits.
This document discusses biotechnology and genetically modified crops. It provides examples of GM crops developed for traits like herbicide tolerance, insect resistance, and virus resistance. It also discusses the global area under cultivation of major GM crops and countries growing them. Both benefits and risks of biotechnology are outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of assessing ecological risks and managing risks through strategies like conducting laboratory, small-scale and large-scale field trials before commercial release of GM crops.
The document provides information about the 4th Microbiome R&D and Business Collaboration Forum and Probiotics Congress that will take place from 3-4 October 2016 in La Jolla, San Diego. The conference will explore research on the human microbiome and its role in health and disease, as well as commercial opportunities. Over 250 attendees are expected, including leading academics and industry experts who will give presentations on topics like gut and skin microbiota, probiotics, and commercializing microbiome research. The schedule provides details on speakers, session topics, sponsors, and arrangements.
This document discusses current trends in plant breeding. It begins by defining plant breeding as the genetic improvement of crops using both traditional and modern techniques to select for desired traits. It then provides background on the history of plant breeding, including the Green Revolution. The document outlines various modern breeding technologies like phenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, genetic modification, and the role of bioinformatics in data analysis. It discusses using these omics approaches and genome sequencing to enable a second Green Revolution with crops that are higher yielding, more nutritious, and tolerant of environmental stresses. The goal is to produce more food to feed a growing global population in a sustainable way.
This document discusses biosafety issues related to genetically modified crops. It provides background on GM crops and their history. It then outlines several biosafety concerns including the safety of inserted genes and proteins, ecological impacts such as increased weediness and effects on biodiversity, environmental concerns like secondary pest problems and insect resistance, and socioeconomic issues. The regulatory mechanisms in place in India to evaluate GM crops are also described, including the various competent authorities. International regulations like the Cartagena Protocol are also mentioned.
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What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
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4th Plant Genomics USA co-located with Global Biocontrol & Biostimulants Congress 2016
1. September 12 - 13, 2016, Philadelphia, PA Gold Sponsors
The 4th Plant Genomics Congress USA
co-located with
Global Biocontrol & Biostimulants Congress 2016
UTILIZING NGS, OMIC AND GENE EDITING TECHNOLOGIES AND LATEST SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES FOR CROP PROTECTION & GROWTH
Building on the successes of our global Plant Genomics series of events, Global Engage is pleased to announce the 4th Plant Genomics Congress USA, which will
be held on September 12-13, 2016 in at the Hilton Philadelphia City Avenue in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania co-located with the Global Biocontrol & Biostimulants
Congress 2016. Last year’s successful event attracted over 170 attendees, and sister meetings in Europe and Asia draw over 200 attendees.
Confirmed Speakers Include:
Sherri Brown
Vice President,
Science Strategy,
Monsanto
Catherine Feuillet
Head of Trait Research,
Bayer CropScience R&D
David Beaudreau Jr.
Senior VP, DCLRS and
U.S. Biostimulant
Coalition
Kellye Eversole
President, Eversole
Associates; Executive
Director, International
Wheat Genome
Sequencing Consortium
Conference Synopsis
Day 1
A) Gene Editing Technologies for Plant Research
TALENs / CRISPRs discovery & advancements
Gene replacement and Knock-In technology
Regulatory overview
B) Target Discovery: Phenomics
Metabolic Engineering
C) Target Discovery: Genomics & Genotyping
NGS platform comparison / advancements & future uses
Genome / DNA assembly
Genotyping by sequencing
SNP discovery, QTL mapping, alternative splicing & marker-
assisted selection
Gene discovery & phenotype to genotype associations
RNA seq
Bioinformatics (methods)
D) Panel Discussion: Genome Editing- Agriculture
Day 2
Plant Genomic Case Studies
Applications of & utilizing genomics technology to enhance:
Molecular marker development / marker assisted selection
Crop / trait improvement
Plant breeding
Disease / stress resistance
Gene expression analysis
RNA profiling by sequencing
Plant and soil microbiome
Day 1
A) Non-Living Inputs, Living Organisms & Genomics
Biopesticide & biostimulant uses.
Plant-insect interactions
Natural predators / entomopathogenic nematodes / parasitoids
Plant-incorporated-protectants
Plant extracts & essential oils
Fungal extracts
Humic / fulvic acids
Protein hydrolysates
Seaweed extracts
Applications and case studies
B) Agricultural Biologicals Commercialization, Market & Regulatory
Issues
Day 2
Plant and Soil Microbes
Microbial biopesticides & biostimulants
Fungi / bacteria / protozoa / viruses
Plant microbiome
Soil microbiome & root assembly
Host-pathogen interactions
Structure and specificity of plant microbiomes
Microbe genome sequencing
Rhizosphere biology
Nitrogen fixation