The future energy system will lead by 100% renewable sources. 4GDH is the design for such a sustainable future...

1. 4th Generation District Heating
Integrating Smart Thermal Grid into
Future Sustainable Energy System
GUIDEDED BY Submitted by :
PROF:NOWSHAD.A SHIJIN RAJ P
7839
E7 B

2. OVERVIEW
• INTRODUCTION
• PAST OF DISTRICT HEATING
• PRESENT OF DISTRICT HEATING
• 4GDH THE FUTURE
• DESIGNIG FETURES OF 4GDH
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• For a better future we need a sustainable
energy system
• District heating comprises a network of pipes
connecting buildings in a neighborhood, town
centre or whole city , so that they can served
from centralised plants or distributed heat
producing unit

5. 0

9. PAST
1st generation (1883-1930)
• It was introduced in USA
• Steam as heat carriers
• Typical components are steam pipes in concrete ducts, steam
traps, and compensators.
• Steam temperature produce substantial losses, accident from
steam explosion, and less efficiency
• The main part of heat was delivered by steam condensation in
radiators at the consumers

10. 2nd generation (1930- 1970)
• System was emerged in 1930 and dominated until
1970s.
• Pressurised hot water as heat carriers
• Supply temperature over 100⁰c.
• Typical components were water pipes in concrete ducts,
large tube-and-shell heat exchangers, and material-
intensive, large, and heavy valves.
• Primary motive of design was to achieve fuel savings
and better comfort by utilising CHP.

11. PRESENT
3rd generation(1970- on going)
• It was introduced in 1970s
• Pressurised water is heat carrier
• Supply temperature below 100⁰c
• Typical components are prefabricated, pre-
insulated pipes directly buried into the ground,
compact substations using plate stainless steel
heat exchangers, and material lean components

12. 4GDH
THE FUTURE
• Primary motive is to transform the society into
a future sustainable energy system
• Low temperature(40-50 ⁰ c) hot water is the
carriers of heat.
• Efficient management of different grids
• 0 carbon emission world
• Utilization of all available energy
• Designing for 2020

13. DESIGNIG FETURES OF 4GDH
• Ability to supply low-temperature district heating
for space heating and hot water.
• Ability to distribute heat in network with low grid
loss
• Ability to utilize renewable heat and recycled heat
from low temperature sources
• Ability to be an integral part of energy system
• Ability to ensure suitable planning, cost and
motivation structures

14. Ability to supply low-temperature district
heating for space heating and hot water
• 4GDH is the coordination of the performance
of different grids and buildings
• Low temperature space heating- the supply
temperature ranges form 40c -50 ⁰ c
• Intelligent control of the heating of building
and peak saving
• The control based on 24 hour weather
forecasting data

15. Ability to distribute heat in network
with low grid loss
• Smart thermal grid with network of pipes and a
centralized plant or control. The important
features of district heating grid are:
Low temperate network – the distribution
temperature is about 50⁰c & return pipe about
20⁰c
Small pipe dimension & better insulation will
reduce the loss
Intelligent control and metering of network
perfomance.

16. Ability to utilize renewable heat and recycled
heat from low temperature sources
• 4GDH is designed to utilize to use 100% RES and
recycled low temperature heat.
• Heat from CHP and waste incineration
• Geothermal heat plant
• Central or local solar heating plants with sesonal
storage.

17. Ability to be an integral part of energy
system
• The system must be designed be able to cope
fluctuating and intermittent nature of RES.
• Active regulation of CHP plants by use of thermal
heat storage
• Integration of large scale heat pumps in CHP

18. Ability to ensure suitable planning, cost
and motivation structures
• Investments in large power stations are replaced
by investments in energy conservation and
distributed CHP plants
• Integrated strategic infrastructure planning
procedures
• Tariffs and cost principles based on long-term
marginal costs

19. SUMMARY
• The technology of district heating was
introduced in 1880s
• 4GDH is the coherent technology and concept
to transform the present energy system into a
sustainable future energy system
• the concept of 4GDH involve coordination of
different grids

20. References:
• 4th generation district heating(4GDH) Integrating smart
thermal grids into future sustainable energy system. By
Henrik Lund, Sven Werner, Robin Wiltshire, Svend Svendse,,
Jan Eric Thorsen, Frede Hvelplund, Brian Vad Mathiesen
• Potentials of power -to- heat technology in district heating
grid in germanyBy Diana Bottger, Mario Gotz, Nelly Lehr,
Hendrik Kondziella, Thomas Bruckner
• Renewable energy management through microgrid central
control design: An approach to integrate solar, wind and
biomass with battery. By Zaheeruddin, Munish Manas