EMI was formed in 1931 through the merger of Columbia Graphophone Company and His Master's Voice record label, creating a vertically integrated record label and equipment company. EMI was once one of the largest record labels and music publishers. In 2011, EMI was split up and sold, with its recorded music operations going to Universal Music Group for $1.9 billion and publishing division sold to Sony for $2.2 billion, marking the end of EMI as an independent company. EMI had owned many famous record labels and published works from major artists like The Beatles, Pink Floyd, and Robbie Williams over the years.