Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" in 1975 is widely considered the first modern music video, helping to establish the music video as a new format. In 1981, MTV launched and began airing music videos 24/7, spreading the popularity of the format worldwide. Michael Jackson's "Thriller" in 1983 was also pioneering for its narrative style and high production cost, setting a new standard. MTV helped increase exposure of African American artists. By the 1990s, music videos were seen as a film art form, with directors receiving credit, and the creation of YouTube in 2005 allowed music videos to spread widely online.