Andres Bonifacio was a Filipino nationalist and revolutionary who founded the secret society Katipunan in 1892 which sought independence from Spanish colonial rule. He served as the supreme leader of the Katipunan and is considered a de facto national hero of the Philippines. Emilio Jacinto, known as the "Brains of the Katipunan", joined the secret society at a young age and served as Bonifacio's adviser, writing many of the Katipunan's principles and documents under various pseudonyms. Both men played pivotal roles in the Katipunan and Philippine Revolution before ultimately dying in the late 1890s.

1. Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro

2. Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro (Andres Bonifacio)
 Born: November 30, 1863 in Tondo Manila
 Filipino nationalist and revolutionary
 Father: Santiago Bonifacio a tailor who served as a teniente mayor
(municipal official)
 Mother: Catalina de Castro a mestiza of Spanish descent who worked
in a cigarette factory.
 He was a founder and later the supreme leader of the Katipunan
movement which sought the independence of the Philippines from
Spanish colonial rule and started the Philippine Revolution.
 He is considered a de facto national hero of the Philippines.

3.  Eldest child among the siblings.
 Brothers: Ciriaco, Procopio, and Troadio.
 Sisters: Espiridonia and Maxima.
 His education was very limited because the death of his
parents forced him to leave school while still quite young in
order to support his siblings.

4.  Studied under Guillermo Osmeña, who taught him basic
arithmetic, writing in Tagalog, and basic Spanish.
 Worked as a messenger(clerk/messenger) for the local parish
choir.
 Became a salesman (agent) of tar and other goods for the
English firm of J.M. Fleeming & Company.
 Transferred to Fressell and Company, a German trading firm,
where he worked as a bodeguero (warehouseman/agent).
 Also set up a family business of selling canes and paper fans.

5.  Despite not finishing formal education, Bonifacio was self-
educated.
 He read books about the French Revolution, biographies of
the Presidents of the United States, the colonial penal and
civil codes, and novels such as Victor Hugo's Les Misérables,
Eugène Sue's Le Juif errant and José Rizal's Noli Me Tangere
and El Filibusterismo.

6.  Bonifacio was married twice.
 First wife: a certain person named Monica who died of leprosy.
 Second wife: Gregoria de Jesús (Aling Oriang) of Caloocan, whom
he married in 1893. They had one son, christened Andrés, who died
in infancy.
Gregoria de Jesús
(Aling Oriang)

7. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan

8. The Katipunan
 A Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish
Filipinos on July 7, 1892
 With his two friends Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plata, he formed
the first triangle of a secret society which bore the initials K.K.K.
 Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan ("Highest and Most Respected Society of the Children of the
Country").
 Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that
led to the outbreak of Philippine Revolution.

9.  Within the society Bonifacio used the pseudonym May pag-
asa ("There is Hope").
 For a time, Bonifacio worked with both the Katipunan and La Liga
Filipina.
 From Manila, the Katipunan expanded into several provinces,
including Batangas, Laguna, Cavite, Bulacan,Pampanga, and Nueva
Ecija.
 Most of its members, called Katipuneros, came from the lower and
middle classes, with many of its local leaders being prominent figures
in their municipalities.
 At first exclusively male, membership was later extended to females,
with Bonifacio's wife Gregoria de Jesús as a leading member.

10.  Bonifacio was a member and eventually head of
theKatipunan Supreme Council.
 Bonifacio developed a strong friendship with Emilio
Jacinto who served as his adviser and confidant, as well as a
member of the Supreme Council.
 Bonifacio wrote several pieces for the paper, including the
poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupà (roughly, "Love for the
homeland”) under the pseudonym Agapito Bagumbayan.

11.  The publication of Kalayaan in March 1896 led to a great
increase in membership.
 Bonifacio, Jacinto and Pio Valenzuela collaborated on the
society's organ Kalayaan (Freedom), which had only one
printed issue.
 The Katipunan spread throughout Luzon, to Panay in
the Visayas and even as far as Mindanao. From less than 300
members in January 1896, it had about 30,000 to 40,000 by
August.

12. The Katipunan had three aims:
 First, it wanted to free the Philippines from Spain, by force
of arms if necessary. Its members, called Katipuneros, were
taught to make and use weapons.
 Second is the the moral, or spiritual, aim. The Katipunan
saw all men, rich or poor, as equals.
 Third, the Katipuneros were taught to care for one another
in times of sickness and need. The society took care of its
sick. If a member died, the Katipunan helped to pay the
cost of a simple funeral.

13. Death of Bonifacio
 May 10, 1897
 Sealed order was received by Maj. Lazaro Makapagal from
General Noriel.
 The latter further ordered Makapagal to take four soldiers and
escort the Bonifacio brothers to Mount Buntis.
 At the foot of the mountain, Andres Bonifacio asked
Makapagal to open the sealed order.
 After reading the content, the Bonifacio brothers were shot
and buried in a shallow grave marked only by a few twigs and
leaves.

14. Bonifacio as a Hero
 Andrés Bonifacio, along with José Rizal, is one of only two
implied national heroes of the Philippines.
 Bonifacio and Rizal are given the implied recognition of
being national heroes because they both have national
holidays in their honor: Bonifacio Day on November 30,
and Rizal Day on December 30.

15. Notable Contributions to the World of
Colonial Literature
 Bonifacio wrote poetry, and was a moro-moro actor - very
typical of great communicators.
 Bonifacio was probably one of the greatest motivational
writers and speakers of his generation.
 Using his native language, Bonifacio wrote with full
passion and compassion.
 Bonifacio also wrote about how the Filipinos were tortured
by the Spaniards.

16. Interesting Facts
 Bonifacio kept himself busy with other productive
endeavors.
 He became a member of a Tagalog dramatic society, both as
an actor and organizer of plays.
 In 1887, he and his friends established the Teatro Porvenir
and staged moro-moros in Tondo.
 Bonifacio was also a freemason and a member of the Taliba
Lodge.

17. Poems and Works
 Katapusang Hibik Ng Pilipinas (The Last Appeal of the
Philippines)
 Pag-ibig Sa Tinubuang Lupa
 Tapunan ng Lingap
 Ang mga Cazadores
 Huling Paalam ni Dr. Jose Rizal (Salin ng Mi Ultimo Adios
ni Gat Andres Bonifacio)
 The Decalogue, a ten-point addressed to “sons of the
country” and how they should behave

19. Emilio Jacinto
 Born: December 15, 1875 in Trozo, Tondo Manila
 Filipino Revolutionary known as the Brains of the Katipunan.
 Father: Mariano Jacinto (died shortly after Emilio was born).
 Mother: Josefa Dizon
 It was his sad experiences with his Spanish classmates and
sensitivity to the plight of the Filipinos as caused by the
injustices of the Spaniards that led Emilio Jacinto to become a
Katipunero.

20.  Jacinto's early education was supported by his widowed
mother who worked as a midwife.
 Later, his uncle enrolled him at the San Juan Letran
College after which he took Law at the University of
Santo Tomas.
 Jacinto was fluent in both Spanish and Tagalog, but
preferred to speak in Spanish.
 Although poor in appearance, he was gifted with brains
and good character.

21. The Katipunan
 He did not finish college and, at the age of 19, he joined the secret
society called Katipunan.
 At that young age, he became one of the ablest leaders of the
movement.
 He became the advisor on fiscal matters and secretary to Andrés
Bonifacio.
 His enthusiasm, ideals and spirit soon guided the course of the
secret revolutionary society.
 He wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan (Primer of the Katipunan), and
the oath of membership, which served as guiding principles of the
Katipuneros.

22.  Jacinto also wrote for the Katipunan newspaper called
Kalayaan. He wrote in the newspaper under the pen
name Dimasilaw, and used the alias Pingkian in the
Katipunan.
 Some of the teachings of the Katipunan as written by Jacinto
were deeply appreciated by the Katipuneros.
Life which is not consecrated to a lofty and just purpose is like a
tree which cause no shadow – a poisonous weed.

23.  To do good for some personal motive and not because of a true desire to
do good is not a virtue.
 All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One may be
superior to another in wisdom, appearance, or wealth, but they are
equal as men.
 He whose sentiments are noble prefers honor to personal
aggrandizement; he whose sentiments are perverse prefers personal
desires to honor.
 To a man of honor, his word is his oath.
 Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.
 He who is intelligent is cautious in speech and knows how to keep
secrets which must be guarded.
 Think not of woman as a thing with which to merely pass the time, but
as a helper and a partner in hardships. Respect her and think only of
your mother and took care of you in childhood.
 Great and noble is he who loves and looks after the welfare of his
country.

24. Notable Contributions to the World of
Colonial Literature
 His greatest poem was A La Patria, which he composed
under the coconut palms of Santa Cruz, Laguna.
 He composed this poem, which was inspired by Dr. Jose
Rizal's "Mi Ultimo Adios," under the pen name of Dimas
Law.
 Bonifacio recognized Jacinto’s talents and patriotism, and
appointed him in various capacities, as secretary, editor,
and later general of the Katipunan.

25. Death of Jacinto
 April 16, 1899.
 In February, 1897, Jacinto fought the Spanish cazadores
(riflemen) in Magdalena, Laguna.
 He was wounded in the thigh, and was taken as a prisoner
to the church of Santa Cruz.
 Returned to Laguna and established the secret
headquarters in the hills of Majayjay.
 He contracted malignant malaria and died.

26. 1. Andres Bonifacio’s full name is “Andrés Bonifacio y de
Castro”.
2. Bonifacio was born on November 30, 1863.
3. The second wife of Bonifacio is Monica de Jesús.
4. Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan means “Highest and Most Respected
Society of the Children of the Country”.
5. Bonifacio died on May 10, 1890.

27. 6. Emilio Jacinto was born on December 15, 1885
7. Jacinto was known as the “Brains of the Katipunan”.
8. Jacinto joined the Katipunan at the age of 21.
9. Jacinto’s greatest poem was “Mi Ultimo Adios”.
10. The cause of Jacinto’s death was malignant malaria.