- The Katipunan was founded in 1892 by Andres Bonifacio and others as a secret organization aimed at gaining independence from Spain through revolution. - It had three membership classes (Katipon, Kawal, Bayani) and used codes and countersigns to maintain secrecy. The organization published a newspaper to help recruitment. - When the Philippine Revolution began in 1896, the Katipunan split into the Magdalo and Magdiwang factions which used different flags and had disagreements over leadership.

1. Katipunan Before the Revolution Prepared by: Ernest Nathan L. Nogales I-OPAL

2. Establishment of the Katipunan On July 7, 1892 , the same date Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz, Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano , and a few others, met secretly at a house on Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto avenue).

3. Establishment of the Katipunan They founded an association called Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan ( KKK ), or Katipunan for short

4. Aims of Katipunan To unite the Filipinos into a solid nation To win Philippine independence by means of revolution

5. Recruitment They first used the triangle method on recruiting members Later on, since the triangle method was slow, Bonifacio allowed them to recruit as many members as possible The First Edition of Kalayaan (the Katipunan newspaper) also helped a lot in recruiting more members. A B C

6. Membership There were 3 grades of members: Katipon – lowest class Recruitment of more members will turn him into a Kawal Kawal – middle class If elected as an officer, he becomes a Bayani Bayani – highest class Officer

7. Membership The 2 factions of the Katipunan are Magdalo and Magdiwang . When the war broke out they made flags different from each other. They also had an argument that led to the Tejeros Convention .

8. Membership Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan They were limited to only the wives, daughters, or relatives of the members of the Katipunan. They served as the watch during meetings of the Katipunan. Prominent women were Josefa Rizal: President, Gregoria de Jesus: Vice President, Marina Dizon: Secretary, Angelica Rizal Lopez: Fiscal. Josefa Rizal Gregoria de Jesus

9. Secrecy In order to remain secret, they made different codes and countersigns Codes Countersigns : When two members meet on the road, one member will put his right palm on his chest and the other member will close his hand such that the index finger and thumb touch each other.

10. First Code of the Katipunan J L K K L J LL N M V N I O C P P Q E R R S S T S U X V M W W X U Y Y

11. Last code used during the Tejeros convention Spanish Alphabet Katipunan Alphabet A D B C C B D A E H F G G F H E I L J K K J L I LL Ñ M N N M Ñ LL O R P Q Q P R O S V T U U T W Z X Y Y X Z W

12. Flags of the Katipunan Official Katipunan Flags Official Flags Personal Flags

13. Flags of the Katipunan Official Flags Official Flags Personal Flags Magdiwang Faction’s flag Magdalo Faction’s Flag Naik_Mil Agreement Flag

14. Flags of the Katipunan Personal Flags Official Flags Personal Flags Bonifacio’s Flag Gregorio Del Pilar’s Flag

15. Flags of the Katipunan Personal Flags Official Flags Personal Flags Pio Del Pilar’s Flag Llanera’s Skull

16. Rizal and the Katipunan Rizal and the Revolution The Katipunan was founded on the day Dr. Rizal was exiled Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to Dapitan to ask for Dr. Rizal’s opinion about the Revolution Dr. Pio Valenzuela

17. Rizal’s answer Rizal and the Revolution Rizal said that a revolution without sufficient arms should not be started against an armed nation. He suggested that they should find a way so that the elite of those times will join the Katipunan. But Dr. Pio Valenzuela reasoned out that it would be difficult to make the elites join the poor. This was one problem Rizal was not able to find a solution.

18. Katipunan led the Revolution

19. Sources and References: Agoncillo, Teodoro A. and Guerrero, Milagros C., History of the Filipino People Zaide, Gregorio F, Philippine History and Government