4571 4575.output

* GB784978 (A)
Description: GB784978 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in and relating to rotary electric switches
Description of GB784978 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATIGAL-
784,978 Date of Application and filing Complete
Specification: March 29, 1956.
No 9968/56.
/1 j Application made in United States of America on March 30, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Classes 38 ( 1), E 3 (A 4 D:A 1 OB 3:B 2 C:C 2
C:C 2 E:C 6 C:D 3:E 3 B); and 38 ( 5), Bl(F 3:F 6), B 2 (A 5 B:A 18:B
10:Cll), B 4 C.
Inteenational Classification:-H 01 n, H 02 f.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to Rotary Electric Switches We, GENERAL
ELECTRIC COMPANY, a Corporation of the State of New York, United
States of America, having its office at Schenectady 5, State of New
York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for
which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by
which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by
the following statement:-
The present invention relates to rotary electric switches.
Pull-operated switches commonly employ a pull chain to actuate a
rachet mechanism for making and breaking the circuit to the switch.
According to the present invention a rotary switch comprises a hollow
housing having a stud member projecting inwardly from one inner wall
of the housing and four inclined surfaces formed on said wall in a
ring surrounding the stud and centred thereon, the parts of said
surfaces innermost with respect to the housing being connected by
steps with the outermost parts of the next surfaces of the ring, fixed
contacts disposed on alternate ones of said surfaces in the ring and
the other alternate surfaces of the ring being of relatively narrow
width and located between adjacent surfaces projecting inwardly of the

housing, and a rotary contact member mounted for rotation on the stud
and having contact blades extending parallel or substantially parallel
to the axis of the stud, said blades being adapted to complete the
circuit through the fixed contacts by engagement of the edges of the
blades with said fixed contacts and to slide over the fixed contact
surfaces on rotation of said member so as to ride over said steps and
toward said second alternate inclined surfaces so as to open the
switch, there being only a narrow clearance between said adjacent
surfaces whereby to provide for extinguishing an arc formed between
said blades and said fixed contacts.
The narrow grooves formed between the the fixed contacts prevent an
arc from 50 spreading and eventually burning the contacting parts
enabling the switch to have a higher electrical rating for a given
cost and increasing the useful life of the switch.
Conveniently a ratchet mechanism is 55 arranged on the stud member for
driving the rotary contact member, biasing means being provided in the
housing and being adapted to return the ratchet to the normal position
on release of the latter 60 The housing may conveniently comprise a
cover member and a base member, the inclined surfaces and the inwardly
projecting stud member being formed in the base member with the fixed
contacts 65 and other operative parts of the switch assembled thereon
and the top cover fastened to the base member By this means all of the
separate switch parts maybe assembled in one-half of the hollow 70
switch housing which may then be closed by simply placing the
remaining half of the housing in co-operative engagement therewith,
and finally in connecting the two housing parts together This is an 75
important production consideration since the housing parts need not be
turned over in order to complete the assembly.
One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of
example with 80 reference to the accompanying drawing in which:Fig 1
is an elevation of a combined switch and lamp holder having a
pullchain operated switch mechanism, Fig 285 is a view of the combined
switch and lamp holder of Fig 1 from behind.
Fig 3 is a view of the combined switch and lamp holder of Fig 1 with
the screw shell and one-half of the insulating hous 90 2 7 j ing
removed, Fig 4 is a left end elevational view of the combined switch
and lamp holder of Fig 1.
Fig 5 is a top plan view of the comlined switch and lamp holder of Fig
2.
Fig 6 is a bottom plan view of the combined switch and lamp holder of
Fig 2.
Fig 7 is an exploded perspective view of the combined switch and lamp
holder of Figs 1-6.
Referring to the drawing there is shown in Fig 1 a combined switch and

lamp holder 10 comprising a metal screw shell 1511 and a hollow split
housing 12 of suitable insulating material for enclosing a
ratchet-type switch mechanism As shown clearly in Fig 7 of the
drawing, the split hollow housing 12 is formed of two recessed moulded
pieces 13 and 14 of suitable phenolic insulating material The part 13
will be referred to as a base member since all of the switch parts are
assembled therein, while the part 14 serves as a cover member to
complete the enclosure of the switch mechanism There is an integral
stud member 15 moulded in the base 13 which serves as the focal point
of the-fixed and movable contacts of the ratchet mechanism Disposed
around the stud 15 and centred thereon are a series of inclined
arcuate surfaces -16,16 ' conneeted by steps to form a ring of ratchet
steps, which it will be seen serve to provide a snap action for the
switch mechanism Of these arcuate surfaces the two opposed surfaces 16
are adapted to receive the fixed contacts 17 and i S and the two
opposed surfaces 16 ' space the fixed contacts from one another The
ratchet surfaces 16 ' are narrower in width than the surfaces 16,
being situated between adjacent surfaces 16 a and 16 b (Fig 7), which
extend inwardly of the base and are centred on the stud 15, so that
two narrow grooves are formed in the base by the surfaces 16 a and 16
b and the surfaces 16 ' The narrow grooves serve as means for
extinguishing an arc as is more fully hereinafter explained.
The terminal end 19 of the fixed contact 17 is provided with a tapped
opening 20 for receiving a terminal screw 21 and is of such a size and
shape that it may be seated in the aperture 22 formed in the base 13
The hook portion 23 of terminal end 19 is arranged to be seated on the
ledge 24 of the base 13 near the aperture 22 to assist in supporting
the fixed contact within the switching housing.
Looking at Fig 7 there is an apertured boss 55 on the cover 14 which
is adapted to receive the end of the terminal screw 21 as well as to
mate with the terminal end 19 of the fixed contact 17 to insure that
it is held firmly in place within the base 13 Thus, it will be seen
that it is possible to connect a lead wire (not shown) to the switch
mechanism by means of the terminal screw 21 which has its head 70
arranged outwardly of the switch housing.
Considering Figs 3 and 7 of the drawing, it will le seen that the
fixed contact 18 has at one end a centre contact strip 28 serving as
the centre contact for the 75 screw shell socket 11 In Fig 3 of the
drawing, fixed contact 18 is shown seated on the ratchet step 16 and
opposite the remaining fixed contact 17 A slot 29 i; formed in one
edge of the base 13 and a 80 similar slot 29 ' is formed in one edge
of the cover 14 so that the strip 30 which connects the fixed contact
18 with the centre contact 28 is fitted within the said grooves 29 and
29 ' to be centrally located 85 in the screw shell 11, as is best seen

in Fig 6.
A rotary contact member 35 which serves as the movable contact between
the fixed contacts 17 and 18 is provided with 90 a central opening 36
so that it may be fitted over the stud member 15 of the base 13 to
rotate with respect thereto.
Edgewise blades 37 are formed on opposite sides of the contact member
3 95 to have sliding engagement with the fixed contacts 17 and 18 The
lower edge 38 of each blade 37 is inclined in the same manner as the
fixed contacts 17 and 18 so that there is a flat edgewise engagement
100 between the movable and fixed contacts.
Spaced between the blades 37 are a pair of ratchet teeth 39 which are
adapted to co-operate with the insulating ratchet member 40 that is
fitted over the stud 15 105 on top of the contactor 35.
The ratchet member 40 is of fibre material with a central pivotal
opening 41 and a series of four ratchet openings 42 equally spaced
around the aperture 41 110 An integral arm 43 extends from one side of
the ratchet member 40 and it has an opening 44 containing the link
member for making engagement with a pullchain 46 of the usual
construction An 115 adjustable torsion spring 50 is also fitted over
the stud 15 after the ratchet member is in place The lower end 51 of
the spring is shaped to fit into the pinhole 47 of the ratchet member
40 to fix that end 120 of the spring with respect thereto The opposite
end 52 of the spring 50 is rounded to fit into one arm of the
cross-shaped slot 53 formed in the cover member 14 as is best seen in
Fig 1 125 The purpose of the cross-shaped slot 53 in the cover member
14 is to permit the adjustment of the sprin tension of the torsion
spring 50 Thus, it is possible to use a special tool (not shown)
having a 130 784,978 784,978 bifurcated end to depress the spring 50
until the rounded end 52 is free of the slot 53 and then by turning
the spring the necessary amount to obtain the desired spring tension
after the switch is assembled in the switch housing When the
adjustment is correct, the spring may be released by withdrawing the
tool so that the rounded end 52 of the spring is 1 o again seated in
one of the arms of the cross-shaped slot 53 BY using such a slot it is
possible to obtain the fineness of a quarter turn adjustment.
The method of assembling this switch mechanism is quite simple in that
the base member 13 may be placed on the operator's work bench and the
fixed contacts 17 and 18 are dropped onto their respective ratchet
steps 16 in the base 13.
Then in quick succession the rotary contact member 35 is fitted over
the end of the stud 15, and in turn the ratchet memb)er 40, torsion
spring 50, and finally the cover member 14 are assembled to form a
completely enclosed switch mechanism.
After this it is merely necessary to adjust the spring tension of the

torsion spring so that the switch will be ready for use The switch is
operated by moving the rotary contact member 35 into and out of
engagement with the fixed contacts 17 and 18.
This movement is effected by exerting a pulling force on the pull
chain 46 which tends to oscillate the member 40 about the 35stud 15
When the switch is opened the edgewise blades 37 of the rotary contact
member 35 move out of engagement with the fixed contacts 17 and 18
over the edges of the steps conhecting surfaces 16 and 16 ' and into
the narrow grooves formed by the surfaces 16 a and 16 b with a snap
action.
BY this arrangement of edgewise blades moving over the edges of the
steps into the narrow grooves any arc formed on opening the switch is
confined by the narrow grooves so as to be prevented from spreading
and so burning the switeh parts, and is extinguished The ratchet teeth
39 of the contactor 35 are seated within tbe ratchet openings 42 of
the ratchet member 40 so that any counterclockwise movement of the
member 40 likewise moves the contactor 35.
When the line of force of the pull chain 46 extends through the
pivotal axis of the stud 15, any additional pull on the chain wvill be
ineffective in rotating the ratchet member 40 When the chain 46 is
released, the torsion spring 50 will take over, since it was tensioned
by the counterclockwise movement of the ratchet member 40, and it will
tend to return the member 40 to its normal position During this return
movement of the ratchet member 40, the contact member 35 remains fixed
due to the shape of the ratchet steps 16 and 16 ' in the base 13
Consequently the ratchet openings 42 of the ratchet member 40 will
move out of driving engagement with the ratchet teeth 39 of 70 the
contact member 35 The raised ratchet teeth 39 also serve as a detent
mechanism in co-operation with the ratchet openings 42 of the member
40 so that normally the teeth 39 are disposed within opposite 75
ratchet openings 42 Thus, when a pulling force is applied to the pull
chain 46, the contact member 35 will be driven by the movement of the
ratchet member 40 to make or break the electrical circuit 80 through
the fixed contacts 17 and 18.
The screw shell 11 has a partial base 56, as seen in Fig 7, which is
nearly all cutaway by the enlarged central opening 57.
A pair of lanced tabs 58 are struck out 85 of the base 56 to lie
opposite and parallel to each other The tabs 58 of the screw shell 11
are each provided with aligned slots 59 so that when the switch parts
are assembled in the base member 13 and the 90 cover member 14 is
disposed thereover, the tabs 58 of the screw shell 11 may be arranged
to straddle the parts 13 and 14 at a point where there are openings 60
and 61 in the base 13 and cover 14 respec 95 tively Thus, a strip 62
may be fitted through the slots 59 in the tabs 58 as well as through

the openings 60 and 61 in the housing parts Finally, the free end of
strip 62 is bent or twisted to complete the 100 assembly and finally
hold all of the parts in assembled relation An end 63 of the strip 62
is bent at a right angle and provided with a tapped opening 64 for
receiving the terminal screw 65 so that a 105 second lead wire (not
shown) may be connected to the switch mechanism for completing the
circuit through the switch by way of strip 62 and shell 11.
It will be appreciated by one skilled in 110 this art that a
simplified design is provided for a ratchet-type switch mechanism
having a rotary contact member with edgewise blades for making and
breaking contact with the fixed contacts of the 115 switch mechanism
Because of the use of these edgewise blades, it is possible to provide
narrow grooves between the fixed contacts so that when the blades are
seated therein, the clearances between the blade 120 and the side
walls of the grooves are so slight as to prevent an electrical arc
from spreading and burning the switch parts.
It is this feature which has brought about the new and unobvious
result of 125 extinguishing the are and extending the life of the
switch as well as making it possible to obtain a higher electrical
rating for the switch at a minimum cost.
A second important feature of this 130 784,978 invention is the unique
manner of supporting the fixed contact 17 within the base by utilizing
the hook member 23 and ledoe 24 which co-operates with the apertured
boss 55 in the cover 14 to hold the terminal end 19 firmly in place in
the switch housing Also, the adjustable torsion spring means is
another improvement which contributes to the high quality of this
device Likewise, the manner in which the simple strip 62 is used to
finally assemble this switch mechanism as well as to provide a
terminal connection is a uni(que feature of 15this present invention.
While the rotary switch of this invention has just been described as
combined with a lamp socket it should be appreciated that this
ratchet-type switch mechanism has general utility in the switch art It
could he used in a feed through switch which may be used to provide a
switch external to a piece of portable electrical apparatus by
incorporation of the switch in anl electrical flex leading to such
apparatus.
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* GB784979 (A)
Description: GB784979 (A) ? 1957-10-23
A transportable desk, office table or the like
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: April 3, 1956.
784,979 No 10084/56.
FIE'S Application made in Germany on April 14, 1955.
/ Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 52 ( 3), H( 5 E 1:15:21), O ( 22:25).
International Classification:-A 47 b.
A Transportable Desk, Office Table or the Like We, SIEMAG
FEINMECHANISCHE WERKE G.m b H, a Joint Stock Company organised under
the Laws of Germany, of Eiserfeld/ Sieg, Germany, do hereby declare
the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us,
and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a desk, office table or the like in
particular a book-keeping desk or table for a typewriter and a
calculator.
Desks are already known which are formed from a closed box in which
the side walls of the box may be moved up and down on hinge axes These
can be used as desks, but they differ in construction from the usual
form of office desk since they do not have two side parts or pedestals
connected by means of a writing board, a form which has proved
suitable for the location of office materials.
According to this invention, there is provided a transportable desk,
office table or the like consisting of several
separately-transportable components one of which constitutes one side
pedestal of the desk and has a hinged side wall which may be raised to
provide a writing board extending to and resting on another side
pedestal formed by the other components placed one on another, and at
least one of said components being adapted to house office machinery

and/or office materials for their transport.
The hinged side wall may have at its free end a pivotable flap which
is insertable in corresponding pockets located on the components
forming the other side part of the desk.
There are compartments and holders provided in the said components for
receiving and transporting the articles necessary for a book-keeping
equipment.
One embodiment in accordance with the invention will be explained in
more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in the
present case it relates to a bookkeeping machine table on which
decentralised book-keeping work is carried out As a book-keeping
equipment a known combination of typewriter and calculating machine
may be used From all the book-keeping 50 processes, in order to be
able to evaluate the results centrally, perforated tapes are employed
which are transmitted in known manner to a central office either
directly or via teleprinter This type of desk is useful 55 mainly for
building sites, army units and service stations whose location
frequently changes.
Fig 1 shows the separate transportable components capable of being
formed into a 60 desk; Fig 2 is a perspective view of the assembled
desk; and Fig 3 is a perspective view of the largest component with a
hinged side part shown 65 open.
As shown, the components 1, 2, and 3 are each provided with a handle 4
for easier handling during transport.
A side-wall 5 of the box 1 is capable of being 70 hinged upwards, and
has at its free end a hinged flap or strut 6 (Fig 3) which, on the
assembly of the three components into a desk is inserted into
corresponding pockets 7, 8 (Fig 2) located respectively on the com 75
ponents 2, 3 When the desk is put together as shown in Fig 2, the
component 1 serves as the left-hand side part of the desk whilst the
right-hand side part is formed by placing the components 2 and 3 one
on the other 80 The two side parts are connected together by means of
the said upwardly-hinged side wall 5 with the flap 6, by means of
which flap the components 2 and 3 are also kept in position relatively
to one another The parts 1, 2 and 85 3 are in the form of hollow
boxes, the box 1 constituting a cupboard divided into compartments and
closed by the flap 5.
In working with a combination consisting of typewriter and calculating
machine, it has 9 t 784,979 been found advisable to arrange the
calculating machine 9 a little lower than thetypewriter 10 as this
facilitates the work of the operator The right-hand side part
consisting of the components 2 and 3 placed one on the other and on
which the calculating machine 9 is located is therefore slightly lower
than the left-hand side and the extending flap 5.

Compartments for receiving the typewriter 10, the calculating machine
9, a card box 11, and one or more typewriter carriages 12 are provided
during the transport of the desk from place to place whilst in box 2
or 3 a converter for decoding particulars recorded in a punched card
or punched tape system are located, and in the box 3 or 2 a tape
perforator is located for the production of a punched record of the
booked entries The devices are permanently located in their respective
housings.
The location of the decoder and the tape perforator in two separately
transportable boxes appears therefore to be advantageous, since these
devices as is known are extremely susceptible to trouble and thus in
case of need either device can easily be changed without needing to
change the other also.
The plug contacts or sockets for the electrical connection of the
devices located in the respective compartments are arranged
countersunk and are covered over with a protective flap so that in
transport they are not disturbed and damaged.
It is of course possible to use the desk according to the invention
also for other work carried out with other apparatus The location in
the components of the appropriate devices for such other work must
then be effected correspondingly.
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* GB784980 (A)
Description: GB784980 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Continuous filtration apparatus
A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available
amongst the following family members:

BE547544 (A) DE1041924 (B) FR784980 (A) FR1153176 (A)
BE547544 (A) DE1041924 (B) FR784980 (A) FR1153176 (A) less
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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data
and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in
particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete,
up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.
Continuous Filtration Apparatus
We, AKTIEBOLAGET BOFORS, a Swedish
Company, of Bofors, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which
we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it
is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the
following statement:-
The present invention relates to filtering apparatus for continuous
filtering with continuous feed of material to be filtered and
continuous removal of filtrate and separated material.
The apparatus according to the invention comprises a flat circular
horizontal filter plate; spreading means to spread said material and
comprising a hollow shaft having its axis substantially perpendicular
to the filter plate at the centre thereof being mounted for rotation
about said axis and having an outlet adjacent the filter plate to
direct material to be filtered generally radially thereover; a scraper
knife fixed to the shaft and extending radially therefrom forward of
said outlet (referred to the direction of normal rotation); removing
means for material not passing the filter comprising a ramp extending
from the scraper knife, a horizontal platform above the level of the
filter plate to receive the material moved by the scraper knife and
passing up the ramp and a pusher arranged to swing on rotation of said
shaft whereby to move material on the platform to a discharge point; a
vacuum chamber communicating with the underside of the filter plate
over the whole area thereof; and a loosening device comprising an arm
rotatable coaxially and synchronously with the hollow shaft and
providing an air chest mounted in the vacuum chamber and adapted to be
connected to a pressure source, a perforated diaphragm on the air
chest and a frame on the diaphragm surrounding the holes therein and
spaced inward of its secured edges, said frame contacting the
underside of the filter plate on supply of pressure air to the chest

whereby air is forced through said plate over a sector thereof forward
of the scraper knife.
At an appropriate angular distance from the scraper blade there will
generally be provided a device for washing the separated material,
which rotates at the same angular speed. The vacuum under the filter
plate enables quick removal of the filtrate and the washing liquid, so
that after rotation of the spreading device by less than 360" the
separated material will be so dry that it can continuously be
collected and transported away from the filter plate whereby the
surface thereof is again ready to receive material to be filtered.
One form of apparatus according to the invention will now be described
by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in
which:
Fig. I is a diagrammatic vertical section of the apparatus; and
Figs. II and HII are diagrammatic sectional views, greatly simplified,
taken on the lines A-A of Fig. III and B-B of Fig. I respectively.
Referring to the drawings, material to be filtered is supplied to a
plane, circular horizontal filter plate 1 by means of a rotating
radially directed diffusing nozzle 2 fixed to a scraping knife 8. The
material is fed to the opening 2 through a hollow rotatable shaft 3,
which is coaxial into the plate 1 and serves to support the knife 8,
ramp 9 and a horizontal platform 10. A tube 4 is fixed to the shaft 3
at an appropriate angular distance from the knife 8 and extends
radially from the shaft. The tube 4 is closed at its outer end and,
over its entire length, it is provided with small holes whereby it
forms a washing device for the material remaining on the filter plate
1. The tube 4 opens out into a channel 5 in the shaft 3; washing
liquid can be fed through a connection piece 19 into the channel and
thence to the washing device.
A vacuum chamber 6 is connected to the filter plate to communicate
with the entire bottom surface thereof and the filtering speed can be
fixed so that after less than 360D angular movement of the diffusing
nozzle 2 the material retained on the filter plate 1 is washed and
drained off, and ready to be moved away. The vacuum chamber 6 is
connected by a tube 7 to a pumping device intended to maintain the
vacuum in the chamber and to remove the filtrate collected therein.
The knife 8 for scraping retained material from the filter extends
radially over the filter immediately in front of the diffusing nozzle
2, and consists of a plate bent at an angle and formed as a scraper
which, on the rotation of the shaft 3, moves immediately above the
upper surface of the filter plate 1 and moves the material thereon up
the ramp 9 to the horizontal platform 10 which is joined to the knife.
The platform is circular and extends about 300 from the front edge of
the scraper, and from this platform the material is removed through an

opening 11 (see Fig. III) by a pusher blade 12 which is reciprocated
over the platform by a cam 13 on the shaft 3.
It may sometimes be difficult to loosen retained material from the
filter plate and to facilitate loosening a loosening device 14 is
provided under the filter plate. This device supplies compressed air
through a limited portion of the filter plate and the air pressure
beneath the material retained on the plate loosens it therefrom so
that the knife can more easily scrape off the material in the way
described above. The device 14 comprises a rotatable radially
extending arm 15 providing an air chest within the vacuum vessel and
carrying a thin membrane 16 provided with fine holes. On the membrane
and spaced inwards of its secured edges is mounted a frame 17
surrounding the holes, which bears upwards against the bottom surface
of the filter plate. Pressure air is supplied through a channel 18 and
causes the membrane 16 to bulge upwardly and thereby press the frame
against the bottom of the filter plate, the air passing through the
holes going through the filter and loosening the material from the top
of the filter. The frame 17 is located in front of the knife 8 and
rotates coaxially and synchronously with it as indicated by the chain
lines in Fig. I.
The filter has the following advantages:
The feed of material to be filtered takes place by its dropping
freely, and this, together with the fact that the diffusing nozzle 2
rotates enables the material to be applied evenly to the filter
surface.
The distribution over the filter surface can be improved by fitting
the horizontal portion of the knife 8, which controls distribution of
the material to be filtered, with guide bars or other guide means.
The filter surface is stationary, plane and horizontal, which makes
even distribution possible. It also enables the thickness of the
material on the filter to be chosen exclusively with consideration to
what is appropriate for good filtering, and above all, good washing
while using the least possible quantity of washing liquid. Neither of
these two advantages can be obtained with a rotating drum filter.
The filtrate is removed downwards through fixed connections, which
thus do not involve any sealing problems.
The feed of washing liquid can take place at any desired angular
position in relation to the feed of material to be filtered.
What we claim is:
1. Filtering apparatus for continuous filtering with continuous feed
of material to be filtered and continous removal of filtrate and
separated material, comprising a flat circular horizontal filter
plate; spreading means to spread said material and comprising a hollow
shaft having its axis substantially perpendicular to the filter plate

at the centre thereof being mounted for rotation about said axis and
having an outlet adjacent the filter plate to direct material to be
filtered generally radially thereover; a scraper knife fixed to the
shaft and extending radially therefrom forward of said outlet
(referred to the direction of normal rotation); removing means for
material not passing the filter comprising a ramp extending from the
scraper knife, a horizontal platform above the level of the filter
plate to receive the material moved by the scraper knife and passing
up the ramp and a pusher arranged to swing on rotation of said shaft
whereby to move material on the platform to a discharge point; a
vacuum chamber communicating with the underside of the filter plate
over the whole area thereof; and a loosening device comprising an arm
rotatable coaxially and synchronously with the hollow shaft and
providing an air chest mounted in the vacuum chamber and adapted to be
connected to a pressure source, a perforated diaphragm on the air
chest and a frame on the diaphragm surrounding the holes therein and
spaced inward of its secured edges, said frame contacting the
underside of the filter plate on supply of pressure air to the chest
whereby air is forced through said plate over a sector thereof forward
of the scraper knife.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, comprising a washing device
including a channel in said rotatable hollow shaft, inlet means to
supply washing liquid to the channel, and a perforated tube fixed to
the shaft, closed at its outer end and communicating with the channel,
the angular position of the tube being adjustable in relation to the
member providing said scraper knife.
3. A filtering apparatus substantially as herein described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
* GB784981 (A)
Description: GB784981 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements in or relating to metal working machines

Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 17, 1956.
784,981 No 15452/56.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Class 83 ( 4), E( 1:10 D 1).
International Classification:-B 23 k.
Improvements in or relating to Metal Working Machines We, F J EDWARDS
LIMITED, a British Company, of 359-361, Euston Road, London, N.W 1,
and GEORGE MICHAEL HAYWARD, a British Subject, of the Company's
address, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a
patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be
performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to sheet metal working machines, and in
particular to presses for the bending or folding of metal sheets to
form boxes, pans, or other articles of a similar configuration.
Presses of this kind normally comprise a beam which carries a ram die
to co-operate with a female die carried by a second beam which is
usually part of the pedestal of the press The metal sheet is
interposed between the co-operating die members and these are moved
together to cause the sheet to be folded to a predetermined angle or
bent about a predetermined curve along the line of the dies.
The dies are then separated and the folded or bent metal can be
removed from the press or moved into position for further formation.
Such machines, however, normally suffer from the disadvantage that
trunk sections or tubes of rectangular or other cross-sections cannot
easily be withdrawn from the machine after forming without distorting
them and that deep trays, that is trays having high side walls and
open top boxes cannot be formed since the top dies are neither deep
enough nor split into sections.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a sheet metal
press which is not subject to these limitations.
According to the present invention a sheet metal working press is
provided in which a pair of members carrying co-operating dies are
moveable upon guides towards and away from one another to fold and
bend sheet metal disposed therebetween, wherein one of said members
may be disengaged from one of said lPrice 3/6 l guides and moved
relative to the other member to allow work to be removed from the
press.
Conveniently the moveable member may be pivotally supported upon one
of the guides 50 for movement in a plane perpendicular to the
direction of the co-operating movement between the members and
engageable with the other of said guides to align it with the other of
said members 55 By this means a press is provided upon which sheet

metal articles of regular or irregular cross-section, and of trunk
form, may be formed and may be removed from the press after formation
by disengaging the 60 moveable member from one of the guides and
pivoting it about the other of the guides into a suitable position
where an article of trunk section may be removed in a direction
parallel to the length of the member 65 The moveable member may be
either of the co-operating members which carry the dies, but it is
generally more convenient to make the upper beam the moveable member
since the lower beam of the machine is usually an 70 integral part of
the pedestal frame It will be appreciated however that in the
cooperating movement which brings the dies together to bend the metal
the upper beam may move downwardly or lower beam may 75 move upwardly,
or both may move towards each other.
In addition the separation between the die carrying beams or members
may be increased or decreased to accommodate dies of different 80
sizes without varying the stroke of the machine appreciably.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood some embodiments
will now be described by way of example with reference 85 to the
accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:Fig 1 is a front view of
the machine according to the invention; Fig 2 is a section taken on
the line 11-II; 90 X< p 784,981 and Fig 3 is a view from the front of
the machine taken in section to show the construction of the working
parts thereof.
The machine consists of a pedestal base which is totally enclosed, and
which contains the frame upon which the machine is supported and the
working parts thereof, and from the ends of which there extend
upwardly cylindrical guide members I at each end of a lower beam 2
carrying a female die 3, the guides carrying an upper beam 4 upon
which are supported dies 5.
A driving motor 6 which may be an electric squirrel cage motor is
controlled by a suitable motor controller 7 upon the front of the
machine pedestal A pulley or pulleys 8 transmit the motor drive by
means of Vbelts 9 to a heavy fly-wheel 11 The fly-wheel is mounted
upon a shaft 12 carried by double bearings 13 and 14 and connected at
the end remote from the fly-wheel to a double-acting clutch and brake
15.
The clutch is operated by a system of levers indicated at 16 and
connected to an operating treadle bar 17 external of the machine
pedestal The treadle bar is biased into its uppermost position and in
this position the clutch is disengaged and the brake is engaged so
that the upper beam cannot move When the treadle is depressed the
brake is disengaged and the clutch engaged to operate the press By
operating the treadle bar carefully at an intermediate position both
clutch and brake can be maintained lightly in engagement so that the

moving parts of the machine may be very gently inched.
The shaft 18 carrying the drive from the combined press and brake
enters a worm reduction unit 19 from which extends a shaft 21 carrying
a pinion 22 This engages a pinion 23 upon a cross drive shaft 24
journalled in bearings 25 The drive shaft 24 carries eccentrics 26 by
means of which the top beam may be vertically reciprocated.
The guides which serve to keep the top beam accurately aligned
comprise sleeves 27 rigidly mounted in the pedestal frame, in.
which tubular members 28 are vertically reciprocable, the members 28
being prevented from rotating relative to the sleeves 27 by a key 29
sliding in a key-way 31 in the sleeves.
The tubular members 28 are screw threadably connected to concentric
shafts 32 which extend downwardly from the lower end from the members
28 to be rigidly longitudinally engaged within a seating 33 which
however will allow the shafts 32 to rotate about their central axis
The seatings 33 are connected to the eccentrics 26 carried by the
shafts 24 by means of a cylindrical sleeve 34 engaging about the
eccentrics 26 carried upon the shaft 24, and rigidly connected to the
seating.
An external handle or knob 35 is provided to rotate a control shaft 36
carrying a worm 37 appropriate to each of the vertical guides, which
worms engage pinions 38 keyed to the shafts 32 to rotate these By
rotating the shaft the effective length of the shaft 32 and the
tubular members 28 may be changed to 70 vary the height of the beam to
allow for the insertion of different sized dies In practise the dies
are fitted in the upper and lower beams with the guides extended to
such an extent that the dies cannot be brought right 75 into contact
The machine is then inched until the upper beam is in its lowermost
position, that is at the bottom of its operating stroke, at which
point the adjusting handle is manipulated to lower the top beam until
the 80 separation between the aperture faces of the dies is exactly
the thickness of the metal sheet with which the machine is to be used.
The upper beam is carried by the upper ends of the tubular members 28
At one end 85 the mounting is in the form of double-thrust bearings 39
which allow the beam to be pivoted about the tubular member in a
horizontal plane The bearings may be held in place by capping nuts 41
and 42 on top of 90 which are fastened a sealing plate 43 The other
end of the beam is provided with a disengageable coupling This may be
in the form of a half-cylindrical member 44 to engage about the
tubular members 28 and to be 95 held in place by the latch The upper
face 45 of the half-cylindrical member abuts the lower face 46 of a
thrust cap 47 screw threadably engaged in the upper end of the tubular
member 28 so that the driving force 100 applied to the top beam is not
transmitted by the latch which maintains the halfcylindrical member in

position about the tubular member The latch may comprise a
spring-urged plunger 48 to engage with in an 103 aperture 49 provided
therefor in the tubular member 28 and having a knob 51 or lever by
means of which the latch may be disengaged against the tension of the
spring 52 to allow the half-cylindrical member to be moved away 110
from the tubular member to facilitate the removal of a work piece from
the machine.
The top beam 4 which may be machined from steel plate, is provided
with suitable means, which may be of conventional form, 115 by which
the upper dies 5 may be secured thereto The upper dies will normally
be in the form of a number of sections each a fraction of the total
length of the top beam so that short internal folds or bends may be
120 made within a partly formed box or other section.
The female die 3 which will normally be made in one piece is mounted,
again by conventional means upon the second beam or 125 bed of the
machine Both dies or sets of dies may readily be interchanged to
provide for the folding of metal sheet through different angles or the
bending of sheet about different radii 130 784,981 In use, where the
machine is to be used for making shallow trays or for bending sheet
metal through a predetermined angle or curve along one or two
pre-determined lines, it may be used in a purely conventional manner
In other words the sheet is located in the correct position relative
to the dies, firmly supported in this position, when by clepressing
the treadle bar the press is operated to bend the sheet The sheet is
then withdrawn by sliding it between the opened dies.
Where deep trays, open-topped boxes or trunk sections are required,
however, these are formed in exactly the same fashion, and if after
formation they are of a shape or size which does not allow them to be
removed from the press by sliding between the opened dies without
distorting the pressing, the top beam is unlatched and swung
horizontally about its pivot into a position where the pressing may be
removed without difficulty and without distortion The beam is then
returned to its normal position in which it is retained by the latch.
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* GB784982 (A)

Description: GB784982 (A) ? 1957-10-23
Improvements relating to coal winning apparatus
Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 1, 195
Application made in Germany on June 7, 1955.
Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 195
784,982 No 17016156.
6.
7.
Index at acceptance:-Class 68 ( 1), F( 2:4 B).
International Classification:-E 21 c.
Improvements relating to Coal Winning Apparatus We, DEMAG
AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, a German Company, of Wolfgang-Reuter-Platz,
Duisburg, Germany, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray
that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to
be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following
statement: With soft and medium coal, scraper boxes have been found to
be quite effective When scraper boxes are, however, applied to hard
coal, the cutters of the boxes fail to penetrate the coal, only
splintering off fine particles of coal without any appreciable winning
efficiency being achieved.
Attempts have been made to increase the force exerted on the cutters,
but this renders it necessary to provide the thrust devices acting on
guide rails or the like to force the scraper boxes against the working
face of a stronger construction Even this is insufficient, for it
would then also be necessary for the scraper boxes to be of a much
stronger construction Apart from the high expenditure in material and
costs, there is also the danger of the boxes, being considerably
heavier, digging themselves into the floor which would make it
necessary to take special preventive measures.
Other attempts have been made to force the cutters to penetrate hard
coal by subjecting the cutters to impacts, pulsations, vibrations or
the like Apart from the substantially increased expenditure involved,
means of this kind fail to attain the object and a practicable

solution of the winning of hard coal by scraper boxes has hitherto not
been found.
It is among the objects of the invention to provide an apparatus by
which hard coal cah be won by means of scraper boxes.
In accordance with the invention, a precutting tool, the cutter or
cutters of which is or are subjected to a considerably higher pressure
than are the cutters of a scraper box lPrice 31 P-ce 4 S 6 ( 4 or
boxes, is provided in front of each of the scraper boxes at a distance
sufficient to ensure that the total thrust acting on the precutting
tool and the adjacent scraper box is effected by different thrust
devices for facing 50 the scraper box and cutting tool against the
coal face The distance between the precutting tool and the adjacent
scraper box is not less than the distance between two adjacent thrust
devices 55 While the cutters of the adjacent scraper box extends
practically rip the entire height of the scraper box, the cutter or
cutters of the pre-cutting tool extends only over a small portion of
this height so that the pressure on 60 the cutter or cutters of the
pre-cutting tool is several times higher than the pressure exerted on
the cutters of the adjacent scraper box for the same pressure being
exerted on the tool and the scraper box Thus the cut 65 ter of the
pre-cutting tool penetrates into the coal, cutting into it a cleft and
thereby loosening the seam or vein so that the succeeding cutters of
the adjacent scraper box, though exerting a lower pressure on the face
70 than the cutter of the pre-cutting tool, can get the coal under the
improved conditions then prevailing.
It is of advantage to use stepped cutters of the pre-cutting tool
which, in addition to 75 displaying a greater sturdiness, also affords
the advantage of penetrating to various depths depending upon the
resistance encountered in the direction of thrust, so that the depth
of penetration is, as it were, auto 80 matically controlled.
The pre-cutting tool may also be constructed as a scraper box It is
then advantageous to divide up the work, for example, by allowing the
preliminary cutting tool to 85 transport the coarser lumps of coal
only, while the main box picks up the fine coal.
This may, for example, be effected by providing the hinged rear wall
to terminate at a determined distance above the floor rather 90
784,982 than allow it to extend down to the floor so that any lumps
below the level of this rear wall are left behind.
The pre-cutting tool may be provided in the cable at either side of a
scraper box, that is to say, in front or to the rear thereof, so that
work in either direction is facilitated.
According to the invention, therefore, hard coal can be won by means
of scraper boxes without the disadvantage of having to use separate
strong thrust devices and without having to provide scraper boxes of

heavy construction The work can be carried out with conventional
scraper box apparatus, it being merely necessary to add the
pre-cutting tools It is an advantage that such apparatus so adapted
for the winning of hard coal can, when changing over to softer coal,
be used without pre-cutting tool or tools.
Thus by means of the invention, the thrust devices are put to better
use than has hitherto been the case, as the number of effective thrust
devices may be twice or even three times that hitherto used with
scraper boxes.
One construction of a coal winning apparatus is illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig 1 shows a partial plan of the apparatus; and Fig 2 is a section on
the line II-II of Fig 1.
The cylinders of hydraulic or pneumatically-actuated thrust device 3
are disposed between and abut against guide rails 4 and prop 2
provided in the working 1 Scraper boxes 5 are pulled to and fro by
cables 6 and 7, the boxes being guided by the rails 4, which are
independent of each other.
The boxes 5 are provided with cutters 8 and 9 by means of which they
strip off coal from a seam 10 during the forward and return strokes
while being forced by the thrust devices 3 by means of the rails 4
against the face 10 The coal obtained is fed in known manner by the
scraper boxes 5 provided with movable rear flaps, to the discharge end
of the apparatus To this extent the apparatus is known.
In accordance with the invention, a precutting tool 12 which is
provided with a cutter 13 is inserted in the cable 6 at such a
distance from the adjacent scraper box that the total thrust on the
box and the total thrust on the tool is effected by different thrust
devices 3 The cutter 13 is rotatably mounted about a vertical shaft 15
on the body of the tool 12, movement about said shaft being limited by
a stop 14 on said body of the tool 12 during movement of the tool 12
in one direction.
As shown in Fig 2, the cutter 13 cuts a cleft 16 into the seam 10,
thus loosening the coal to be won so that the scraper box which
follows the pre-cutting tool 12 can get the coal with its cutters 8
and during the return stroke the cutters 9 can penetrate the coal at
the entire depth of the cut cleft, the cutter 13 being lifted by
frictional resistance, or by spring means or the like, from the
abutment 14, and thus being prevented from becoming 7 ( O prematurely
blunt by being dragged over the coal.
Instead of a single cutter, several cutters each of correspondingly
smaller vertical extent than the single cutter of the pre-cutting 75
tool may be provided which engage the coal at various positions or, if
occasion arises, at various levels.

It will be understood that it is desirable that the pressure exerted
on the cutter or 80 cutters 13 is substantially higher than that
exerted on the main cutters 8, in order to ensure that the pre-cutting
blade or blades can be forced into extremely hard coal The distance
between the pre-cutting tool and the 85 scraper box should be not less
than the distance between adjacent thrust devices 3.
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