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Similar to 4.03 drugs change the way neurons communicate
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4.03 drugs change the way neurons communicate
- 1. 4.03- Drugs Change the Way Neurons Communicate BMT II Unit 4 Lesson 3
- 2. Objectives • Understand that certain drugs interfere selectively with neurotransmission • Realize the effect of a drug is dependent upon dosage and route of administration
- 3. Drugs of Abuse • Useful for investigating brain functions – Can mimic actions of neurotransmitters – Can block actions of neurotransmitters – Apply effects on homeostasis – Apply effects on behavior
- 4. Drugs Disrupt Neurotransmission • Produce feelings of pleasure by altering neurotransmission by neurons in the Reward system that release the neurotransmitter - DOPAMINE
- 5. Methamphetamine • Causes a release of dopamine
- 6. Nicotine • Increase the number of action potentials and number of vesicles released from neuron • Increases dopamine released
- 7. Caffeine • Prevents neurotransmitter-adenosine from binding with its receptor • Binding Adenosine = sedation
- 8. Cocaine • Blocks dopamine transporter which then increases a rapid rise in dopamine • Causing a feeling of euphoria • How Cocaine Alter Neurotransmission Video
- 9. Alcohol • Alters brain neurons • Binds directly to receptors for acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA • Reduces glutamate excitatory effect • Increases release of dopamine
- 10. Factors that Determine How A Drug Affects an Individual • Environmental – Stress – Trauma – Dosage – Route of administration • Biological – Genetics
- 11. The Dose Changes the Drug’s Effects
- 12. Drugs Enter the Brain in Different Ways • Routes of administration – Injection – Inhalation – Snorting/snuffing – Ingesting – Through the skin
- 14. Activity: Drugs Alter Neurotransmission
- 15. Activity: How Does Caffeine Affect You? REMINDERS: Stay in your seat during the activity You can read or talk quietly with your group but stay still
- 16. Activity: Routes of Administration
Editor's Notes
- Distribute terminology for this unit
- Drugs interfere with neurotransmission. Thus, drugs of abuse alter the communication between neurons that is mediated by dopamine. Because the synapse is so complex, there is a variety of sites at which drugs may affect synaptic transmission. One way to affect synaptic transmission is to increase the amount of neurotransmitter released into the synaptic space. Drugs like alcohol, heroin, and nicotine indirectly excite the dopamine-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) so that they produce more action potentials. As the number of action potentials increases, so does the amount of dopamine released into the synapse. Amphetamines (e.g., methamphetamine, crystal, crank) actually cause the release of dopamine from the vesicles.
- Show SMART Notebook page
- Show SMART Notebook page
- Show SMART Notebook page
- Stress and trauma- can alter experience with the drug Route= how fast it reaches the brain Genetics- person’s sensitivity to a drug and how quickly the body metabolizes and clears it
- For a drug to work, it must be taken into the body, absorbed in the bloodstream, and delivered to the brain. Drugs can be taken in a range of doses—from low, having no detectable effect, to moderate, producing the drug’s desired effect, to large and unpleasant, or even toxic effect. Not everyone will respond the same way to a given drug dose—many factors can influence this, including those mentioned above, as well as age, gender, and the person’s history of using that drug or other related drugs. However, most drugs, when taken at high doses, produce effects that are both undesirable and potentially harmful to health (overdose).
- The method the drug enters the brain can greatly alter the response to the drug. Injecting drugs travel quickly to the brain where it can exert its effects. Since it gets to the brain so quickly, there is a high risk for overdose. There can be lethal levels of the drug faster than medical help can be obtained to reverse the overdose. Example: Heroin Inhalation (smoked) reaches the brain very quickly. The inhaled drugs go directly from the lungs to the left side of the heart where it will enter the arterial circulation which . will carry it to the brain. Examples: Marijuana and nicotine Drugs that are snorted or snuffed are taken through the nose, where it is absorbed through the mucous membrane lining of the nasal passages. This method will be less intense than injecting or inhalation because it takes longer for the drug to get into the brain. Example: Cocaine. Drugs can be ingested through the mouth. Drugs taken by mouth enter the bloodstream more slowly than by any other route. The drugs have to be swallowed and travel to the stomach and the intestines, where they are absorbed into the bloodstream. The body begins to metabolize them before they can act on the brain. Enzymes in the stomach, intestines, and liver begin to break down the drugs so they can be cleared from the body. Examples: medications. Commonly stimulants and depressants
- Route of administration causes dramatic difference in onset, intensity, and duration of drug’s effect. Smoked or injected= almost immediately has an intense rush that lasts a few minutes Snorted=produces feelings of euphoria within 3 – 5 minutes and not as intense Ingested= produces effects within 15-20 minutes and not as intense
- Reminder video how neurotransmission works
- Need to teach how to take a pulse