The document discusses the key components of an internal combustion engine and the 4-stroke cycle. It describes the cylinder block, cylinder head, crankshaft, piston and piston rings, connecting rod, bearings, flywheel, and valve train as the main components. It then explains the 4 strokes of the engine cycle: the intake stroke where air/fuel mixture enters; compression stroke where the mixture is compressed; power stroke where combustion provides energy; and exhaust stroke where burned gases exit. The 4 strokes occur sequentially in each cylinder, with all cylinders completing a stroke simultaneously so pistons work together like steps on an engine.

1. Engine Components and
4 stroke cycle

2. What is Engine?
A machine that converts electrical
and chemical energy into
mechanical energy thru internal
combustion.

3. Components of Engine
Cylinder Block – is the main
structural component of an engine.
It supports and helps maintain
alignment of internal and external
components. The cylinder block is
the engine component that consists
of the cylinder bore, cooling fins on
air cooled engines, valve train
components, depending on the
engine design.

4. Components of Engine
Cylinder Head – is a cast aluminum
alloy or cast iron engine component
fastened to the end of the cylinder
block farthest from the crankshaft. A
head gasket is the filler material placed
between the cylinder block and
cylinder head to seal the combustion
chamber. Head gaskets are made from
soft metals and graphite layered
together.

5. Components of Engine
Crankshaft – is an engine component that
converts the linear (reciprocating) motion
of the piston into rotary motion. The
crankshaft is the main rotating component
of an engine and its commonly made of
ductile iron. Features of crankshaft include
the crankpin journal, throw, bearing
journals and counterweights

6. Components of Engine
Piston and piston rings – a piston is a
cylindrical engine component that
slides back and forth in the cylinder
bore by forces produced during the
combustion process. The piston acts
as a movable end of the combustion
chamber. Pistons are commonly made
of a cast aluminum alloy for excellent
and lightweight thermal conductivity.

7. Components of Engine
Connecting rod – is an engine component that transfers motion from
the piston to the crankshaft and functions as a lever arm. Connecting
rods are commonly made from cast aluminum alloy and are designed
to withstand dynamic stresses from combustion and piston
movement. The small end of the connecting rod connects to the
piston with a piston pin. The piston pin, or wrist pin, provides a pivot
point between the piston and connecting rod. Spring clips, or piston
pin locks are used to hold the piston pin in place. The big end of the
connecting rod connects to the crankpin journal to provide a pivot
point on the crankshaft.

8. Components of Engine
Bearings – a bearing is a component used to reduce
friction and to maintain clearance between stationary
and rotating components of the engine. Bearings, or
bearing surfaces are located on the crankshaft,
connecting rod, and camshaft and also in the cylinder
block.

9. Components of Engine
Flywheel - is a cast iron, aluminum, or zinc disk that is
mounted at one end of the crankshaft to provide inertia
for the engine. Inertia is not a force, it is a property of
matter. During the operation of a reciprocating engine,
combustion occurs at distinct intervals. The flywheel
supplies the inertia required to prevent loss of engine
speed and possible stoppage of crankshaft rotation
between combustion intervals.

11. Components of
Engine
Valve Train – the valve train of internal
combustion engine includes components
required to control the flow of gases into
and out of the combustion chamber. This
includes valves and related components
required to allow the air fuel mixture to
enter the combustion chamber, seal the
combustion chamber during compression
and combustion, and evacuate exhaust
gases when combustion is complete.

12. Components of
Engine
Valves – allow the
flow of air-fuel
mixture into the
cylinder, and the
flow of exhaust
gases from the
cylinder.

13. What is Cycle?

14. It is an event happen repeat themselves
In an internal combustion engine there are several
cycle happen and these are:
Intake stroke
Compression stroke
Power stroke
Exhaust stroke

15. What is stroke?

16. It is a piston
movement form TDC
to BDC
TDC- Top Dead
Center
BDC- Bottom Dead
Center

17. What have you
observed?

18. Intake Valve
A types of Valve
that allows Air &
Fuel Mixture to
enter the
combustion
chamber

19. Exhaust Valve
A types of valve
that allow the
burned gasses to
go outside the
combustion
chamber

20. Intake Stroke
A stroke where the Air
& Fuel Mixture enter
the combustion
chamber, at this stroke
the movement of piston
is downward to create a
certain vacuum. And the
intake valve are open.

21. Compression Stroke
A process where the Air
and Fuel Mixture is being
compressed into smaller
space, at this point the
movement of piston if
upward. And both valves
are closed.

22. Power Stroke
A stroke where the
compressed air & fuel
mixture are burned with
the used of spark plug,
and the movement of
piston are downward. This
is the start of the second
revolution of the cycle

23. Exhaust Stroke
A stroke where the
piston once again
returns to top dead
centre while the
exhaust valve is
open.

24. Piston no. 1 Piston no. 2 Piston no. 3 Piston no. 4
Intake Compression Exhaust Power
Compression Power Intake Exhaust
Power Exhaust Compression Intake
Exhaust Intake Power Compression

25. Quiz 1.1
1. A machine that converts electrical and chemical energy into mechanical energy thru internal
combustion.
2. It is an event happen repeat themselves
3. It is a piston movement form TDC to BDC
4. A stroke where the piston once again returns to top dead centre while the exhaust valve is open.
5. A stroke where the compressed air & fuel mixture are burned with the used of spark plug, and the
movement of piston are downward. This is the start of the second revolution of the cycle
6. A stroke where the Air & Fuel Mixture enter the combustion chamber, at this stroke the movement of
piston is downward to create a certain vacuum. And the intake valve are open.
7. A process where the Air and Fuel Mixture is being compressed into smaller space, at this point the
movement of piston if upward. And both valves are closed.
8. A types of Valve that allows Air & Fuel Mixture to enter the combustion chamber.
9. A types of valve that allow the burned gasses to go outside the combustion chamber
10. What is TDC?

27. Task 1.1 4 Stroke Cycle Engine Operation

28. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4
POWER

29. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4
INTAKE

30. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4
EXHAUST

31. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4
POWER

32. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4
COMPRESSION