This document discusses referencing sources and avoiding plagiarism. It defines referencing as citing sources used in academic writing and explains that referencing allows readers to find the sources and supports arguments. Plagiarism is copying others' work without proper citation or referencing. The document provides examples of when sources need to be referenced, such as for quotations, statistics, and ideas. It also discusses paraphrasing versus summarizing and emphasizes the importance of consistently referencing sources to avoid plagiarism.
This document defines and discusses plagiarism. Plagiarism involves using another person's work without proper citation or acknowledgement and can take various forms such as copying a friend's paper, using someone else's words or ideas as your own, or copying text or images from online without attribution. The document explains that plagiarism is considered a serious academic offense that can result in penalties. It provides guidance on how to avoid plagiarism through practices such as citing sources, quoting and paraphrasing text appropriately, and keeping track of sources.
The document provides instructions for a worksheet project on plagiarism and avoiding it in a research paper. It outlines five hunts or sections to search for answers to questions about plagiarism. The questions cover defining plagiarism, factors that lead to it, citing sources properly, and consequences of plagiarizing. Students are directed to specific websites to find the answers and record them on the worksheet.
When writing a paper, always acknowledge all sources clearly and avoid copying other authors’ words verbatim. Failure to do so could lead to loss of tenure/funding and loss of credibility.
Plagiarism involves presenting others' work as your own by copying text or ideas without citing the original creator. It can be intentional or unintentional. Plagiarism has serious consequences like dismissal from school and damaged reputations. Students should avoid plagiarizing by using strategies like quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing sources, and always citing information that is not their own or considered common knowledge.
This document provides information about plagiarism, including definitions, types, and strategies to avoid it. It defines plagiarism as presenting others' work as your own without proper citation or credit. There are two types: intentional, such as copying others' work, and unintentional, like poor paraphrasing. The document encourages using strategies like quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing sources while including citations. It notes that plagiarism has serious consequences for students and professionals alike. The overall message is that original work and giving proper credit to sources is important for both ethical and practical reasons.
Plagiarism involves presenting another person's ideas or work as one's own. It is considered a form of fraud and theft under US law. Plagiarism can be avoided by properly citing sources, whether the sources are words, ideas, images, videos or music. When writing a research paper, careful planning and note taking is important to distinguish what is your own original work versus ideas and content from other sources. Any uncertain content should be cited to the original source. Consulting with teachers can help clarify any issues or questions about plagiarism.
This document defines and discusses plagiarism. Plagiarism involves using another person's work without proper citation or acknowledgement and can take various forms such as copying a friend's paper, using someone else's words or ideas as your own, or copying text or images from online without attribution. The document explains that plagiarism is considered a serious academic offense that can result in penalties. It provides guidance on how to avoid plagiarism through practices such as citing sources, quoting and paraphrasing text appropriately, and keeping track of sources.
The document provides instructions for a worksheet project on plagiarism and avoiding it in a research paper. It outlines five hunts or sections to search for answers to questions about plagiarism. The questions cover defining plagiarism, factors that lead to it, citing sources properly, and consequences of plagiarizing. Students are directed to specific websites to find the answers and record them on the worksheet.
When writing a paper, always acknowledge all sources clearly and avoid copying other authors’ words verbatim. Failure to do so could lead to loss of tenure/funding and loss of credibility.
Plagiarism involves presenting others' work as your own by copying text or ideas without citing the original creator. It can be intentional or unintentional. Plagiarism has serious consequences like dismissal from school and damaged reputations. Students should avoid plagiarizing by using strategies like quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing sources, and always citing information that is not their own or considered common knowledge.
This document provides information about plagiarism, including definitions, types, and strategies to avoid it. It defines plagiarism as presenting others' work as your own without proper citation or credit. There are two types: intentional, such as copying others' work, and unintentional, like poor paraphrasing. The document encourages using strategies like quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing sources while including citations. It notes that plagiarism has serious consequences for students and professionals alike. The overall message is that original work and giving proper credit to sources is important for both ethical and practical reasons.
Plagiarism involves presenting another person's ideas or work as one's own. It is considered a form of fraud and theft under US law. Plagiarism can be avoided by properly citing sources, whether the sources are words, ideas, images, videos or music. When writing a research paper, careful planning and note taking is important to distinguish what is your own original work versus ideas and content from other sources. Any uncertain content should be cited to the original source. Consulting with teachers can help clarify any issues or questions about plagiarism.
This document discusses plagiarism and the plagiarism policy of Jacksonville State University's College of Education and Professional Studies. It defines plagiarism as taking credit for another's work and ideas as one's own. The policy states that a first plagiarism offense results in an F and mandatory plagiarism seminar, while a second offense leads to dismissal from the program. It describes different types of plagiarism and emphasizes that intent does not matter - plagiarism is still plagiarism even if unintentional. Students are warned that professors have ways to detect plagiarism through tools like SafeAssign.
The presentation is about Plagiarism - What it is; How to avoid it; How to find it; Citation Methods; Writing style; Methods for citing various sources. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online in benefits of the research scholar society.
The document defines and discusses plagiarism. It notes that plagiarism involves taking credit for another person's ideas or words without citing the source. There are two types - intentional and unintentional. Plagiarism is considered theft and is unacceptable. The document provides guidance on properly citing sources using quotes, paraphrases and summaries. It emphasizes the importance of citing all sources to avoid plagiarism. Excuses for plagiarizing are also addressed and dismissed. Overall, the document serves to educate on what constitutes plagiarism and how to properly cite sources in work.
This document discusses plagiarism, paraphrasing, and proper citation of sources in academic writing. It begins by defining plagiarism and noting that understandings of it vary across cultures. The document emphasizes the importance of correctly citing sources to build credibility and avoid plagiarism accusations. It provides guidance on paraphrasing versus quoting, and when citations are needed. Specifically, it advises accurately conveying the core ideas of sources in one's own words, while still citing. Examples demonstrate proper paraphrasing versus unacceptable copying of text and structure. In summary, the document offers best practices for using and citing outside materials to adhere to academic standards.
Plagiarism Prevention for Research Projectslibrarysteve
Feel free to use this presentation, I would like a reference to http://cybercheats.blogspot.com/ if you do.
Learning Objectives:
Identify leading causes and types of plagiarism
· Set the groundwork to help students avoid plagiarism temptations
· Describe how to design assignments to make plagiarism more difficult
· Constructively contribute to plagiarism and academic integrity policies and practices
Plagiarism involves using others' work without giving them proper credit. It can take obvious forms like copying large passages verbatim or stealing entire papers. However, it also includes paraphrasing too closely or using ideas and facts without citation. To avoid plagiarism, students should cite sources for any ideas, facts or words that are not their own. When paraphrasing, they should change the wording substantially and include a citation. If quoting directly, the quote must be in quotation marks with a citation. Common knowledge generally does not require citation.
This document provides instructions for a worksheet project on avoiding plagiarism in a research paper. It outlines five scavenger hunts to find answers to questions about plagiarism by researching various websites. The questions cover definitions of plagiarism, factors that lead to plagiarism, when sources should and should not be cited, and consequences of plagiarizing in a research paper.
The document discusses plagiarism and provides definitions, examples, and consequences. It defines plagiarism as stealing another's work and lying about it. Plagiarism occurs when submitting another's work as your own, copying words and ideas without credit, or using a majority of a source without citation. A poll found students believe plagiarism is rarely caught. Self-plagiarism refers to using one's own previous work. Providing inaccurate source information is called misinforming. Altering sources slightly while retaining essential content is a poor disguise. Sources significantly impacting ideas should be properly cited in sentences. Students must avoid accidentally plagiarizing classmates and be careful, as plagiarism could result in expulsion.
The document discusses how to avoid plagiarism when writing papers. It defines plagiarism as passing off another's work as your own without credit. There are various types of plagiarism, such as directly copying text or changing a few words. The document provides tips for properly citing sources and paraphrasing others' work in your own words while still giving credit. It emphasizes gaining a thorough understanding of source materials and restating ideas without looking at the original text when paraphrasing.
The document discusses plagiarism, defining it as taking and using the thoughts, writings, or inventions of another as one's own without proper citation or credit. It notes that a study found 74% of students admitted to serious test cheating and 72% to plagiarism on written assignments. Plagiarism is problematic as it means students fail to achieve learning outcomes and can be treated as academic misconduct, wasting teachers' time and threatening the reputation of educational institutions. The document provides tips to avoid plagiarism such as using quotes and citations properly, paraphrasing in one's own words, and knowing when common knowledge does not require citation. Severe penalties for plagiarism are outlined for both students and teachers.
This document defines plagiarism and provides guidance on how to avoid it. Plagiarism means copying directly from a source without citation or paraphrasing without citation, even if words are changed. Common knowledge and facts are not considered plagiarism. The document outlines proper citation methods and explains when to paraphrase, summarize or use direct quotations. It provides examples of paraphrasing and summarizing text and emphasizes the importance of academic integrity. Schools enforce penalties for plagiarism such as failing grades or suspension.
Strathmore University Evaluation of Information ResourcesAnthony Kiuna
Here are some good practices for academic integrity:
- Properly cite all sources using a standard citation style. Provide full references for sources in a bibliography.
- Paraphrase and summarize information from sources in your own words rather than copying directly. Use quotation marks for any word-for-word quotes and cite the source.
- Get permission and provide attribution when reproducing copyrighted material like images, videos, or large chunks of text.
- Plan your work early to allow time for thorough, ethical research. Don't leave things until the last minute when temptation to take shortcuts may be stronger.
- Retain thorough notes and drafts of your work to demonstrate independent development of your ideas and arguments.
The document discusses plagiarism, defining it as stealing and passing off others' ideas or words as one's own without attribution. It notes that plagiarism is unethical and can take various forms, such as substantial plagiarism where words are replaced with synonyms, or complete plagiarism where an entire work is presented as one's own. The document also discusses different types of plagiarism like accidental, self, and mosaic plagiarism. It provides strategies to avoid plagiarism like properly citing sources, paraphrasing while maintaining meaning, and acknowledging all contributions. Software tools to detect plagiarism are also outlined.
The document discusses plagiarism, including defining it as taking credit for another's work, how to avoid it by properly citing sources, and the consequences of plagiarizing. Plagiarism is considered stealing another's work and ideas. It removes the opportunity to learn through research assignments. The document provides guidance on when direct quotes are acceptable versus paraphrasing and summarizing, as well as the different ways to properly cite sources such as in-text citations and bibliographies. Plagiarism violates academic integrity and can result in failing grades or disciplinary action if caught.
This document discusses plagiarism, including its definition, types, and methods of detection. Some key points:
- Plagiarism involves using others' work or ideas without proper attribution. It can take various forms such as copying, paraphrasing without citation, or self-plagiarism.
- Plagiarism detection software like Turnitin and Urkund can identify plagiarized content by comparing submissions to online sources. However, there is some disagreement around acceptable plagiarism percentages.
- Penalties for plagiarism depend on the level or severity and can range from resubmission requests to registration cancellations for students, and restrictions on publishing or supervision for faculty. Pro
The document provides guidance on how to effectively research a topic. It recommends breaking the task down into clear research questions to stay focused. Students are then instructed to identify reliable sources like books, experts, and publications rather than solely relying on the internet, as content online is not always accurate or credible. The document outlines specific steps students should take to evaluate internet sources, including checking the authorship, objectivity, date, and verifying the information. Students are told to take their own notes in their own words rather than copying directly from sources to avoid plagiarism. Finally, students are reminded to properly cite each source in a bibliography.
Plagiarism is not always a matter of deliberate theft; it can happen inadvertently through misunderstanding academic conventions of referencing and attribution, or through inappropriate collaboration with other students on your course. This session is designed to explain guidelines on plagiarism, to look at some real-life case studies, and to give you information and strategies to help you avoid it.
1) Cheating involves getting unauthorized help on assignments, quizzes or exams, while plagiarism is presenting another's work or ideas as your own.
2) There are different types of plagiarism, including failure to cite sources, failure to use quotation marks, and patchwriting (using sections of copied text without citations).
3) Plagiarism can be unintentional through poor citation or failure to use quotation marks, or intentional through directly copying or buying papers.
This document provides an overview and lesson plan for a class on the law of demand and consumer surplus. It includes:
1) An introduction to the topic of the day - the law of demand and why it is important to understand consumer demand.
2) A definition of demand as the amount willing and able to be bought at various prices.
3) Instructions to create a demand schedule and supply/demand graph with proper labels as an example.
4) A definition of the law of demand that as price decreases, quantity demanded increases, and vice versa.
5) An explanation that changes in price do not actually change demand but rather the quantity demanded at the margin.
6) A
This document discusses plagiarism and the plagiarism policy of Jacksonville State University's College of Education and Professional Studies. It defines plagiarism as taking credit for another's work and ideas as one's own. The policy states that a first plagiarism offense results in an F and mandatory plagiarism seminar, while a second offense leads to dismissal from the program. It describes different types of plagiarism and emphasizes that intent does not matter - plagiarism is still plagiarism even if unintentional. Students are warned that professors have ways to detect plagiarism through tools like SafeAssign.
The presentation is about Plagiarism - What it is; How to avoid it; How to find it; Citation Methods; Writing style; Methods for citing various sources. A verbal consent of Prof. Dr. C. B. Bhatt was obtained (at 4.15pm on Dt. 26-11-2016 at Hall A-2, GTU, Chandkheda) to float the presentation online in benefits of the research scholar society.
The document defines and discusses plagiarism. It notes that plagiarism involves taking credit for another person's ideas or words without citing the source. There are two types - intentional and unintentional. Plagiarism is considered theft and is unacceptable. The document provides guidance on properly citing sources using quotes, paraphrases and summaries. It emphasizes the importance of citing all sources to avoid plagiarism. Excuses for plagiarizing are also addressed and dismissed. Overall, the document serves to educate on what constitutes plagiarism and how to properly cite sources in work.
This document discusses plagiarism, paraphrasing, and proper citation of sources in academic writing. It begins by defining plagiarism and noting that understandings of it vary across cultures. The document emphasizes the importance of correctly citing sources to build credibility and avoid plagiarism accusations. It provides guidance on paraphrasing versus quoting, and when citations are needed. Specifically, it advises accurately conveying the core ideas of sources in one's own words, while still citing. Examples demonstrate proper paraphrasing versus unacceptable copying of text and structure. In summary, the document offers best practices for using and citing outside materials to adhere to academic standards.
Plagiarism Prevention for Research Projectslibrarysteve
Feel free to use this presentation, I would like a reference to http://cybercheats.blogspot.com/ if you do.
Learning Objectives:
Identify leading causes and types of plagiarism
· Set the groundwork to help students avoid plagiarism temptations
· Describe how to design assignments to make plagiarism more difficult
· Constructively contribute to plagiarism and academic integrity policies and practices
Plagiarism involves using others' work without giving them proper credit. It can take obvious forms like copying large passages verbatim or stealing entire papers. However, it also includes paraphrasing too closely or using ideas and facts without citation. To avoid plagiarism, students should cite sources for any ideas, facts or words that are not their own. When paraphrasing, they should change the wording substantially and include a citation. If quoting directly, the quote must be in quotation marks with a citation. Common knowledge generally does not require citation.
This document provides instructions for a worksheet project on avoiding plagiarism in a research paper. It outlines five scavenger hunts to find answers to questions about plagiarism by researching various websites. The questions cover definitions of plagiarism, factors that lead to plagiarism, when sources should and should not be cited, and consequences of plagiarizing in a research paper.
The document discusses plagiarism and provides definitions, examples, and consequences. It defines plagiarism as stealing another's work and lying about it. Plagiarism occurs when submitting another's work as your own, copying words and ideas without credit, or using a majority of a source without citation. A poll found students believe plagiarism is rarely caught. Self-plagiarism refers to using one's own previous work. Providing inaccurate source information is called misinforming. Altering sources slightly while retaining essential content is a poor disguise. Sources significantly impacting ideas should be properly cited in sentences. Students must avoid accidentally plagiarizing classmates and be careful, as plagiarism could result in expulsion.
The document discusses how to avoid plagiarism when writing papers. It defines plagiarism as passing off another's work as your own without credit. There are various types of plagiarism, such as directly copying text or changing a few words. The document provides tips for properly citing sources and paraphrasing others' work in your own words while still giving credit. It emphasizes gaining a thorough understanding of source materials and restating ideas without looking at the original text when paraphrasing.
The document discusses plagiarism, defining it as taking and using the thoughts, writings, or inventions of another as one's own without proper citation or credit. It notes that a study found 74% of students admitted to serious test cheating and 72% to plagiarism on written assignments. Plagiarism is problematic as it means students fail to achieve learning outcomes and can be treated as academic misconduct, wasting teachers' time and threatening the reputation of educational institutions. The document provides tips to avoid plagiarism such as using quotes and citations properly, paraphrasing in one's own words, and knowing when common knowledge does not require citation. Severe penalties for plagiarism are outlined for both students and teachers.
This document defines plagiarism and provides guidance on how to avoid it. Plagiarism means copying directly from a source without citation or paraphrasing without citation, even if words are changed. Common knowledge and facts are not considered plagiarism. The document outlines proper citation methods and explains when to paraphrase, summarize or use direct quotations. It provides examples of paraphrasing and summarizing text and emphasizes the importance of academic integrity. Schools enforce penalties for plagiarism such as failing grades or suspension.
Strathmore University Evaluation of Information ResourcesAnthony Kiuna
Here are some good practices for academic integrity:
- Properly cite all sources using a standard citation style. Provide full references for sources in a bibliography.
- Paraphrase and summarize information from sources in your own words rather than copying directly. Use quotation marks for any word-for-word quotes and cite the source.
- Get permission and provide attribution when reproducing copyrighted material like images, videos, or large chunks of text.
- Plan your work early to allow time for thorough, ethical research. Don't leave things until the last minute when temptation to take shortcuts may be stronger.
- Retain thorough notes and drafts of your work to demonstrate independent development of your ideas and arguments.
The document discusses plagiarism, defining it as stealing and passing off others' ideas or words as one's own without attribution. It notes that plagiarism is unethical and can take various forms, such as substantial plagiarism where words are replaced with synonyms, or complete plagiarism where an entire work is presented as one's own. The document also discusses different types of plagiarism like accidental, self, and mosaic plagiarism. It provides strategies to avoid plagiarism like properly citing sources, paraphrasing while maintaining meaning, and acknowledging all contributions. Software tools to detect plagiarism are also outlined.
The document discusses plagiarism, including defining it as taking credit for another's work, how to avoid it by properly citing sources, and the consequences of plagiarizing. Plagiarism is considered stealing another's work and ideas. It removes the opportunity to learn through research assignments. The document provides guidance on when direct quotes are acceptable versus paraphrasing and summarizing, as well as the different ways to properly cite sources such as in-text citations and bibliographies. Plagiarism violates academic integrity and can result in failing grades or disciplinary action if caught.
This document discusses plagiarism, including its definition, types, and methods of detection. Some key points:
- Plagiarism involves using others' work or ideas without proper attribution. It can take various forms such as copying, paraphrasing without citation, or self-plagiarism.
- Plagiarism detection software like Turnitin and Urkund can identify plagiarized content by comparing submissions to online sources. However, there is some disagreement around acceptable plagiarism percentages.
- Penalties for plagiarism depend on the level or severity and can range from resubmission requests to registration cancellations for students, and restrictions on publishing or supervision for faculty. Pro
The document provides guidance on how to effectively research a topic. It recommends breaking the task down into clear research questions to stay focused. Students are then instructed to identify reliable sources like books, experts, and publications rather than solely relying on the internet, as content online is not always accurate or credible. The document outlines specific steps students should take to evaluate internet sources, including checking the authorship, objectivity, date, and verifying the information. Students are told to take their own notes in their own words rather than copying directly from sources to avoid plagiarism. Finally, students are reminded to properly cite each source in a bibliography.
Plagiarism is not always a matter of deliberate theft; it can happen inadvertently through misunderstanding academic conventions of referencing and attribution, or through inappropriate collaboration with other students on your course. This session is designed to explain guidelines on plagiarism, to look at some real-life case studies, and to give you information and strategies to help you avoid it.
1) Cheating involves getting unauthorized help on assignments, quizzes or exams, while plagiarism is presenting another's work or ideas as your own.
2) There are different types of plagiarism, including failure to cite sources, failure to use quotation marks, and patchwriting (using sections of copied text without citations).
3) Plagiarism can be unintentional through poor citation or failure to use quotation marks, or intentional through directly copying or buying papers.
This document provides an overview and lesson plan for a class on the law of demand and consumer surplus. It includes:
1) An introduction to the topic of the day - the law of demand and why it is important to understand consumer demand.
2) A definition of demand as the amount willing and able to be bought at various prices.
3) Instructions to create a demand schedule and supply/demand graph with proper labels as an example.
4) A definition of the law of demand that as price decreases, quantity demanded increases, and vice versa.
5) An explanation that changes in price do not actually change demand but rather the quantity demanded at the margin.
6) A
Pandemiya is a new commercial Trojan malware that has been promoted as an alternative to Zeus malware. It is designed to secretly steal sensitive information from infected computers. The malware is modular, making it easy to expand functionality. It sells for $1500-$2000 and does not use Zeus source code. It infects computers through exploit kits and installs by writing files to the system and registry to inject itself into new processes. Removal involves deleting registry keys and files used by the malware.
This document discusses the concept of price discrimination. It begins by defining price discrimination as selling the same good at different prices to different buyers based on their willingness to pay. It provides examples such as student/senior discounts and differences in airline ticket prices. The document explains that under perfect price discrimination, a monopolist can capture all consumer surplus as profit and eliminate deadweight loss. However, in reality firms can only imperfectly discriminate by dividing customers into groups based on observable traits related to willingness to pay. It concludes by asking questions about whether price discrimination should always be illegal and discussing the "Soup Nazi" character from Seinfeld.
This document provides an overview of Renaissance art and key concepts about the Renaissance period from the 1300s to 1550. It discusses causes of the Renaissance like the rediscovery of Greek/Roman ideas and art. Renaissance art is characterized by elements like perspective, realism, contrast between light and dark, and depicting humanism in Greek/Roman styles. The document lists and shows images of famous Renaissance artists like Michelangelo, Donatello, Da Vinci, and Raphael and some of their iconic works. Students are assigned a task analyzing Renaissance paintings or creating original art in the Renaissance style.
The document provides instructions for activities related to teaching supply and demand concepts. It includes prompts to sketch perfectly inelastic and elastic demand curves, provide examples of goods with elastic and inelastic demand, and give an example of the law of demand from personal experience. It also includes prompts for identifying how different parts of the supply and demand model (TRIBE) would change given scenarios impacting various markets like hotels, gasoline, spam, and potato chips.
The Extra Credit Teacher Program (ECTP) is a down payment and closing cost assistance loan available to first time homebuyers. ECTP is offered by the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA), the State of California first time homebuyer assistance program. ECTP can also be used with the CalPLUS + ZIP, which provides an additional 3.5% of the loan amount that can be used along with the Extra Credit Teacher Program.
The document provides discussion questions about World War I and World War II for students. It asks what brought the USA into World War II, whether joining the war against Japan was justified, and how many Americans died in World War I. It also includes assignment instructions for students to write about the causes of World War I and create media about the alliances in World War I.
This document provides encouragement from God in response to common doubts and struggles. It presents Bible verses addressing when one says they can't solve a problem (Proverbs 3:5-6), something is impossible (Luke 18:27), they feel alone (Hebrews 13:5), or can't do something (Phillipians 4:13). Further, it offers reassurance about forgiveness (1John 1:9, Romans 8:1), fear (Isaiah 41:10), tiredness (Matthew 11:28-30), and lack of love (John 3:16, John 13:34). The document encourages reading the Bible to know God's path and messages (2 Timothy 3:15-
The document discusses several topics:
1. It asks students to consider what could be concluded from a previous discussion on organ donation and sale.
2. It reviews concepts like diminishing marginal returns and how they apply to examples like eating contests, businesses, governments, and partying.
3. It discusses different business organizations like sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations and when each would be suitable for starting different types of businesses.
This document provides an overview of investing and the stock market. It discusses different types of investments like stocks and bonds. It explains how the stock market works and lists some major stock exchanges. Key investing terms are defined, like bull and bear markets. Popular stock market indexes like the Dow Jones Industrial Average are also introduced. The document gives examples of famous investors like Warren Buffett and provides a basic introduction to finance-related careers and brokerage services.
The document provides examples of journal entries for various business transactions for multiple individuals over different periods of time. It begins by outlining the purpose and components of a journal, including the meaning, importance, structure, and journalizing process. It then provides 6 examples with numerous transactions each month to journalize, including purchasing/selling goods and assets, payments/receipts, deposits/withdrawals, wages, and introducing/withdrawing capital. The goal is to practice recording business transactions in journal entry format.
A empresa de tecnologia anunciou um novo smartphone com câmera aprimorada, maior tela e bateria de longa duração. O dispositivo também possui processador mais rápido e armazenamento expansível. O novo modelo será lançado em outubro por um preço inicial de US$799.
All of material inside is un-licence, kindly use it for educational only but please do not to commercialize it.
Based on 'ilman nafi'an, hopefully this file beneficially for you.
Thank you.
White paper holistic_approach_to_government_continuity_of_operations_apr2014EMC
This document discusses the need for government agencies to take a holistic, automated approach to continuity of operations (COOP) planning given the diverse and changing threat landscape. It recommends that agencies develop comprehensive COOP plans that incorporate governance, risk management, compliance and address physical, cyber and operational threats. The plans should be maintained in a centralized tool to ensure they are up-to-date, integrated and accessible across all relevant parties.
This document provides a bellringer quiz and lesson on economics topics such as GDP, types of taxes, unemployment rates, and economic indicators. It begins with a 7 minute bellringer quiz asking questions about income taxes, sales tax, liquidity, IRAs, richest person on the street, and predicting the largest economy. It then discusses microeconomics, macroeconomics, finance, and economic indicators like GDP, consumer prices, unemployment rate, budget balance, interest rates, and currency exchange. Several examples are provided to explain GDP calculation and components. The document concludes with assignments analyzing countries' GDP, GDP per capita, and The Economist economic indicators.
This document discusses the history and evolution of industrial hygiene and safety. It begins by outlining some of the earliest references to occupational health from 400 BC by Hippocrates and the first respiratory protective equipment in the 1st century AD. It then covers the establishment of occupational health and safety laws in the US in 1970. Finally, it discusses some of the benefits of industrial hygiene and safety such as reduced costs and improved worker productivity and quality of life, as well as the negative impacts of poor occupational health and safety such as accidents, costs of injuries, and reduced worker development.
She has been an unofficial ambassador of Satya Paul saris, and now Mandira Bedi has chosen the brand yet again for her return to the small screen as the host of reality show ‘Jo Jeeta Wohi Superstar 2’.
PLAGIARISM_THE BASICS FOR UNDERGRAD STUDENTSBeschara Karam
Plagiarism involves using others' ideas or work without proper attribution. There are two main types: text plagiarism, which involves using direct quotes, paraphrases, or manipulated text without citation; and reference list plagiarism, where sources are not properly included. Plagiarism is considered intellectual theft and academic dishonesty. It can be intentional or unintentional, but both are violations of academic integrity. Universities have strict policies against plagiarism and offenders can face serious consequences.
One of the main ideas of research is to study what others have published and form your own opinions. When you quote people -- or even when you summarize or paraphrase information found in books, articles, or Web pages -- you must acknowledge the original author.
This document provides guidance for students on researching and writing an essay for a media studies course. It outlines the task of conducting an individual research investigation focused on genre, narrative or representation in media. Students are instructed to formulate their own research topic with teacher approval. The document provides five steps for a good essay and tips for initial research, including using primary and secondary sources. It also reviews referencing styles and keeping an organized research log. The overall summary is that this document guides students through the process of choosing a research topic, conducting research from various sources, and documenting their sources for an academic media studies essay.
Plagiarism involves copying others' work and passing it off as your own. It can be unintentional if sources are not properly cited. The document provides tips to avoid plagiarism such as taking detailed notes with sources cited as ideas are gathered. It is important to reference sources in assignments to give credit to original authors and show the breadth of research. Proper note-taking helps avoid accidental plagiarism and allows ideas to be properly contextualized.
This document provides guidance on academic writing from the University of Toronto. It offers general advice on essay writing, such as having a clear argument and supporting thesis. It also discusses organizing essays, such as formulating questions and maintaining a logical sequence. Additionally, it covers researching topics, integrating sources, revising writing, and different writing styles like annotated bibliographies and comparative essays. The overall document serves as a comprehensive guide for students on various aspects of effective academic writing.
This document provides guidance on avoiding plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as copying others' ideas and passing them off as one's own. It emphasizes the importance of properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism. The key recommendations are to take detailed notes on sources as you research rather than copying text verbatim, to paraphrase ideas in your own words, and to include in-text citations and a reference list for all sourced material. Leaving enough time to complete assignments and learning proper citation styles can also help avoid accidental plagiarism.
This document discusses conventions for citing sources, including what documentation and bibliography are, why citing sources is important, tips for evaluating internet sources, and examples of citing sources in MLA and APA format. Documentation involves giving proper credit to sources to avoid plagiarism, while a bibliography is a list of all sources used. Citing sources is important for observing ethics, showing research was conducted, and avoiding plagiarism. The document provides tips for evaluating internet sources and examples of citing sources in MLA and APA styles.
Here are some issues with the annotation:
- It provides too much summary of the source content rather than focusing on bibliographic details, authority, and evaluation.
- There is no word count provided.
- It includes the author's opinion and plans for using the source rather than staying objective.
- Some important bibliographic elements are missing (no publication date).
- The evaluation praises the source rather than objectively assessing authority and credibility.
The annotation would be improved by focusing on brief bibliographic details, credentials establishing authority, and an objective evaluation of the source's relevance and credibility for the research topic. Personal opinions and future use of the source do not belong in an annotation.
This document discusses information literacy and its importance. It defines information literacy as the ability to identify, evaluate, and use information effectively. The stages of information literacy are discussed, including why information is needed, where to search for it, how to acquire and store it, how to determine quality, how to use it, and how to communicate it. Common knowledge, interpretation, paraphrasing, quoting and plagiarism are defined. The importance of ethical use of information is discussed, along with strategies to avoid plagiarism such as proper citation. Methods of detecting plagiarism are also presented.
UGPTI communications coordinator Tom Jirik discussed guidelines, issues and concerns related to academic writing at the Fall 2015 orientation for students in the NDSU Transportation and Logistics Program. Enrico Sassi, director of the NDSU Graduate Center for Writers, provided an overview of the center’s services and discussed ways to avoid plagiarism.
The document provides guidance on effective note-taking strategies for research. It discusses preparing for note-taking by knowing what information to include or exclude. It also discusses different note-taking strategies like quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and précis writing. The document emphasizes the importance of avoiding plagiarism by properly citing sources and strategies for developing bibliographies.
This document discusses information literacy and avoiding plagiarism. It defines information literacy as the ability to identify, evaluate, and effectively use information. The document outlines the stages of information literacy and discusses how information becomes knowledge through facts, interpretation, paraphrasing, and quotation. It emphasizes the importance of properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism and recommends strategies like using quotation marks, paraphrasing while citing sources, keeping notes on sources, and seeking help from writing centers.
Plagiarism, Citing and Referencing is a document that discusses plagiarism and provides guidance on how to properly cite and reference sources to avoid plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as passing off others' work as your own and explains the penalties for academic misconduct. The document then provides examples of different types of plagiarism and guidelines for how to properly cite sources when writing papers, including how to format citations within texts and how to create reference lists. It emphasizes using citations and references consistently and correctly to acknowledge others' work. The document concludes by listing additional resources for help with citing and referencing.
This document discusses academic integrity and the ethical use of information. It defines plagiarism as using others' ideas and representing them as your own. This includes copying words, images, or other work without proper attribution. The document provides tips to avoid plagiarism such as taking thorough notes, summarizing or paraphrasing sources in your own words, using direct quotes sparingly, and creating a reference list with full citations. It emphasizes the importance of properly citing all sources no matter the format to avoid intellectual theft.
This document discusses academic integrity and avoiding plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as using others' ideas and representing them as your own without acknowledgement. The document outlines why people plagiarize, such as lack of understanding or laziness. It then provides guidance on how to incorporate research into written work without plagiarizing, including summarizing, paraphrasing, and using direct quotes, along with properly citing sources. Students are advised to take detailed notes of sources and reference information to properly acknowledge where ideas and information originated.
This document provides information on writing, referencing, and avoiding plagiarism. It discusses the stages of research, how to read sources selectively, and how to structure a good academic report. It defines plagiarism and provides examples of what constitutes plagiarism. It also discusses how to reference sources correctly, including using in-text citations and reference lists, and provides examples of citations in APA style. Resources for writing, referencing, and plagiarism are also listed.
Appendix GENG102 Version 41Associate Level MaterialAp.docxrossskuddershamus
Appendix G
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix G
Finding, Evaluating, and Utilizing Credible Information
This course requires a higher level of research than you may have undertaken in the past. You must find sources that are reliable, related to your paper’s topic, and contain evidence to support your claims and arguments. Take thorough notes while you find these sources, and be careful to avoid plagiarism by appropriately quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing your sources.
Using the University Library
In previous courses, you used the Internet to research information about different topics. In this course, you may still use the Internet sparingly, but the University Library provides a wider variety of resources that are more appropriate for formal research papers.
The University Library includes the following resources:
· Databases. These databases contain magazine articles, journal articles, newspaper articles, audio clips, and other types of multimedia, statistics, articles with opposing viewpoints, and much more. You can search through the databases by specialization, subject, author, title, publication, and so forth.
· Research resources. Besides the databases, the library also contains access to books, dissertations, theses, research in Spanish, Canadian information, country profiles and economic data, encyclopedias and dictionaries, and journal indexes and abstracts.
· Writing and test-taking resources. The library also provides guides for preparing for and taking different kinds of tests, improving writing and grammar, and so on.
· Help. The library contains links to a Frequently Asked Questions page, timely feedback from a librarian, a research tutorial, and a library handbook.
As you search for sources, you may receive thousands of results for a topic in the University Library. If that happens, you may have to narrow your topic, or you may need to enter more specific information in the search engine. The library tutorial at http://www.apollolibrary.com/Library/tutorial.aspx provides information for using Boolean search commands to expand, limit, or refine a search for information.
Finding and Evaluating Credible Information
A credible source is one that is trustworthy, providing true, accurate, and balanced information. Generally, periodicals, journals, and other sources found in the University Library are credible because they are written by professionals and must be approved to be published. Many of the library articles are peer reviewed—written by professionals and reviewed by other professionals in the same area of expertise to ensure the research is credible and trustworthy. On the other hand, websites may be written by anyone, so credibility is usually more difficult to determine.
In this course, you are required to find five to seven credible sources. To show your credibility as an effective researcher, you must select a variety of valid sources. Avoid using only websites or using only books.
The document discusses undertaking literature reviews for research projects. It notes that literature reviews are often weak aspects of student work due to insufficient time and poor execution. It emphasizes the importance of literature reviews for situating a research topic within a field of existing knowledge and avoiding unintentional plagiarism. The document outlines the process of conducting a systematic literature review, including defining the research topic, identifying relevant search terms, searching academic databases, and collating sources. It stresses evaluating sources based on type and reviewing hierarchy to ensure the use of appropriate academic texts.
How to guide to research coach davis 2 bEnnyMarina
This document provides guidance on how to conduct effective research in 7 steps: 1) Identify your topic as a question, 2) Find background information, 3) Use catalogs to find books and media, 4) Use indexes to find periodical articles, 5) Find internet resources, 6) Evaluate your sources, 7) Cite sources using a standard format. It also provides 4 tips: allow plenty of time, identify your research topic, evaluate your results, and cite your research. The document outlines strategies for finding and documenting information from various sources to complete research.
Similar to 4. referencing not plagiarising presentation (1) (20)
This document discusses editing effects used in a trailer to create a dream-like or distorted feeling for the audience. Motion blur was used to give a dreamy effect and make the audience feel distorted when watching. Transitions between sound used a basic fade to imply the film was dreamy. Text was also added on screen.
To edit photos in Serif Photo Plus, the user first inserts an image and uses tools like PhotoFix to adjust lighting and effects like filters to achieve different looks. They applied effects like glass and blur to focus on characters and experimented with comic and Gaussian effects. They also darkened images for depth, erased backgrounds and composited images onto new backgrounds, blurring the result. In the end, they produced two edited photos with adjusted lighting, effects and composited elements.
The document provides instructions for extracting a still frame from a video clip using Movie Plus software. It explains how to import a video clip into an empty project, pause the video at the desired frame, and save that frame as an image file to then use in other programs like Photo Plus.
This shot list from Shirley High School's Media Studies department outlines the details for filming a scene in a bedroom and bathroom, including the actors needed, equipment, costumes, and lighting requirements. Shot 23 will take place in front of a mirror using a tripod-mounted camera and involve the character Atlanta in costume with dimmed lighting. No date was set for filming and the completed status is unmarked.
This shot list from the Shirley High School Media Studies department outlines filming plans for a location shoot at the library and bridge. It details the shots needed including actors, equipment, costumes, and notes. A total of 16 shots are listed involving actors Atlanta and Guy across various scenes requiring makeup, tripods, cameras, and consideration for weather conditions.
This shot list from Shirley High School's media studies department outlines filming plans for a project in central London on January 19th, 2013. The list includes 2 shots that require a tripod and camera but no actors or costumes. Space is provided at the bottom for additional notes about the project.
This storyboard document outlines the shots, camera movements, sounds and dialogue for a film about love. It includes shots such as close-ups of flowers, medium shots of the male and female leads, and establishing shots panning left. There are voiceovers discussing how love can be weak, hurtful and lost. Text elements convey phrases like "When Love is New" and "When Love is Damaged". The storyboard ends by introducing the two main characters and displaying the film title "What is Love".
This guide introduces the basic concepts of the Harvard referencing system. It consists of two elements - in-text citations and a reference list. In-text citations provide brief details of the source, including the author's name and date, within the body of the text. The reference list at the end provides full bibliographic details of all sources cited, arranged alphabetically by author. Examples are provided of how to reference different source types such as books, journal articles, and websites.
1) Asking yourself "why am I doing this?" before engaging with research resources helps guide your approach and focus your efforts.
2) Your purpose, the level of detail needed, existing knowledge, and time available will influence how you read and take notes.
3) Active reading techniques like previewing contents, quick reading, bookmarking sections of interest, and note-taking that focuses on key points, arguments, and your own thoughts can help you understand and retain information.
The document outlines the marking criteria for an extended project qualification which is marked across four areas:
1) Manage (10%) - Includes identifying the topic, aims, producing a project plan and applying organizational skills.
2) Use Resources (20%) - Includes obtaining and selecting resources, analyzing data, and demonstrating understanding of links.
3) Develop and Realise (40%) - Includes problem solving, decision making, creative thinking and achieving planned outcomes.
4) Review (20%) - Includes communication skills, presenting conclusions and evaluating own learning.
The project is given a total mark out of 50 and students should be working on an initial proposal, plan and record of research.
This trailer summary provides key details about the plot and characters of the romantic drama "Dear John". It introduces the main characters of John, played by Channing Tatum, and Savannah, played by Amanda Seyfried. It shows them meeting on the beach and beginning a romantic relationship. However, their relationship is challenged when John has to return to the army. The trailer uses voiceovers, music, and editing techniques like fades and shot reverse shots to demonstrate the highs and lows of their long-distance relationship as they stay connected through letters. It builds anticipation for challenges that could tear them apart.
The document describes the process of creating a moving image indent for a production company called 'STITICHED'. It explains how various tools were used to create the background, text, and a needle effect to represent the name. The images were then compiled into a video format using Serif Movie Plus 6X and copyright free music was added from the software.
This trailer summary analyzes scenes from the Mission Impossible III trailer through shots and editing:
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2) Tension is built through a countdown and scenes of the damsel in distress and villain before cutting to black, leaving the audience waiting for the promised action.
3) Color, music, and text are used to convey the danger and excitement of the spy/action film and leave the audience anticipating the summer release date.
This trailer introduces the main character Ethan Hunt, played by Tom Cruise, who is established as a spy/agent. There are shots of Hunt engaged in dangerous missions on rooftops and abroad. Supporting characters like the villain and a woman in distress are introduced. The editing uses fast cuts and fades to create excitement and mystery around the plot. Action sequences of explosions and fights are teased, along with the official theme song. Text screens provide the film title and rating to conclude the trailer.
The document summarizes key design elements of a magazine cover. The large, simple but eye-catching masthead stands out in white against the colored magazine. Notations of the date and an exclusive story help engage readers by conveying the content is current and secret. Large text, direct eye contact with the camera, and unifying color schemes are used to draw attention to the main image and communicate an openness to share their story with readers.
The document discusses how the magazine both follows and challenges conventions of real media productions.
It follows conventions by including a masthead, slogan, date, issue number, bar code, pricing, sell lines, multiple colors in the color scheme, featuring celebrities on the cover, using images in the contents page, and including pictures of artists in interviews.
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The document discusses editing video clips by trimming them to specific start and stop points, applying a black and white visual effect, and using a transition that moves the frames up.
3. Referencing – why bother?
• Referencing is important - academic writing
requires you to respond to the ideas and writing of
other people. The skill lies in how well you can
understand and respond to other people's work.
• Referencing your source material also allows your
readers to find your sources and read them for
themselves.
• It stops you plagiarising!
4. When and what do I need to
reference?
Activity 1– write down as many sources you can
think of that require referencing.
• Statistics
• Quotations
• Facts
• Examples from other people's work
• Diagrams
• Images and photographs
• Models
• Equations
• Theories/ideas
5. Activity 2:
Referencing true or false
1. Information on the internet is 'free'. Anyone can
use it without having to reference it.
2. As long as I use speech marks, I don't have to
say where the quotation is from.
3. I can copy pictures/diagrams/photos without
referencing them.
4. If I summarise other people's ideas, I still need
to reference them.
5. If I paraphrase or rewrite the information, I don't
need to reference it.
6. Activity 2:
Referencing true or false (cont.)
6.Some info is 'common knowledge', it doesn't need
to be referenced.
7.Being caught plagiarising can result in the failure
of a degree course.
8.Statistics need to be referenced.
9.If I cite someone once, I can use their ideas later
without needing to cite them again.
10.Plagiarism is copying published work; I can copy
my mate's work because it's not been published.
7. A quick guide to referencing
• In the body text you need to clearly detail the
name of the author and the year their work was
published – citation
• The reader should then be able to cross-
reference this to a more detailed list at the end
Reference List or ‘Bibliography’
• Both should be systematic, uniform and
thorough, and really easy to understand
• Throughout any written report, make sure you
use the same system consistently
8. One good style to use - Harvard
Referencing a book.
• Harvard System in body text
Author (Date)
Darwin (1972) famously outlined his theory of
evolution, based on his close observations of
variations between species around the world.
• Bibliography at the end
Who, When, What, Where & By Whom
Darwin, C. (1972) The Origin of Species.
London: Dent.
9. Referencing Websites &
Journals (Harvard)
General format for journal articles:
Surname[s] of author[s], Initial[s]. (Year) Title of
article, Journal Title, Volume (Part), Pages
Wong, S. T. and Goodin, S. (2009) Overcoming drug resistance in
patients with metastatic breast cancer. Pharmacotherapy, 29 (2),
954-965.
Websites: include the date accessed
http://www.bmj.com/ (Accessed 16/03/2009)
10. Plagiarism
• Plagiarism is the use of any source, published or
unpublished, without proper acknowledgement or
referencing
• It is easy to commit plagiarism accidentally.
Carelessness when it comes to referencing is a
key cause, but so are poor note-taking skills and
inappropriate use of cut and paste from the
internet.
• Many students who don't intend to cheat but,
because of poor academic practice, end up
committing plagiarism with serious consequences.
11. Activity 3: Spot the Plagiarism
• You have been given examples of a
student’s work, and the original source.
• Decide in your groups whether the work is
– Plagiarism
– Bad Practice
– Acceptable
12. Sources
• There are lots of different types of sources you can use while doing
academic work. These can include:
- Books - Journals
- Web pages - Pictures/graphs
- Newspapers/TV - Lecture Notes
• The key to avoiding plagiarism is to make sure that you
acknowledge your sources in the text. To do this properly you will
need to do two things:
1. Take good notes, making sure you have sufficient detail to allow you
to trace your sources.
2. Follow a standard system of referencing
Both these things will help you avoid wasting your time. You will
probably need to revisit sources and ideas and well referenced
notes are the short cut to doing this without starting again from
scratch!
13. The “perfect” notes..
Notes can be useful to help you understand what
you have just read, or they can be used to jot
down any questions that you have, or ideas that
you want to pursue further.
Important things to note down:
• Any facts and figures
• Direct quotations I might want to use
• Paraphrase, not just copying chunks
• Source details!!!
14. Some final hints!
• If in doubt: reference it.
• Make sure you record the source when taking
notes. When taking notes make it clear if you
are copying directly, paraphrasing or
summarising.
• Use different colours when you write down
direct quotes
• ALWAYS make notes in your own words.
• Don't cut and paste!
• Be prepared to go and find a reference for
something you already know, for instance a
scientific claim, in order to back it up
15. In a nutshell..
To avoid plagiarism…
...And to show you’ve really
extended yourself during your
research...
Reference your sources!
Editor's Notes
This session provides some basic pointers that will help you to identify a suitable topic and question for your EP. Even if you already have a topic in mind, the session will offer you tools to use to refine and focus your theme and the questions you ask – it may also lead you to develop ideas you hadn ’t considered yet. It ’s crucial to put some time and energy into this choice in order that you can make the most of project, and hopefully avoid regretting your choice when it’s too late and you’re most of the way through. You may need to revisit some of the activities after the session, or take more time away to reflect or discuss your ideas with friends or teachers – so don ’t feel that you need to have reached any final decisions over the next 40 or so minutes
The first part of the session is all about how to perfect the technique of referencing. We will cover how to “cite” other peoples work and will explain how to create a reference list or bibliography. We will also cover the topic of plagiarism and how correct referencing will help you avoid this in your EPQ and in all other pieces of work you have to do.
Referencing is an important skill that you will use regularly if you go on to further or higher education. Regardless of what subject you end up doing. All types of academic writing requires you to respond to the ideas and writing of other people. To do this well, you must also understand and be able to respond to other peoples work in the field Anyone who reads your work should easily be able to identify all the sources on which you have drawn in your writing It ’s a good idea to think of referencing as “detective work”. If you reference your source material correctly, this will allow the people who read your work to be able to find your sources and read them for themselves. Even if someone has written something that you already thought of, it’s worth acknowledging this if you want to discuss this topic/idea. E.g. if you find a writer who agrees with your view on the Vietnam war, make sure you cite them. This is way of adding more weight to your veiwpoint. It doesn’t devalue your own creativity. It is a good thing to demonstrate that you have really acknowledged the other people who have put hard work into thinking in your area of interest, and that you have actively engaged with their efforts. Referencing your sources also stops you from plagiarising other peoples work!
We are now going to think about the times when we SHOULD be referencing, and also what types of sources we need to reference. WHEN SHOULD WE REFERENCE Ask group – Hands up, when do you think you need to reference a source? - get a few answers, hopefully they will say something along the lines of “ whenever you use someone else's work in your own work. WHAT SHOULD WE REFERENCE? Working in groups of 4-5 write down as many things that you think require referencing. Ask students for a volunteer – hands up – for an example to start us off? Use the flip chart paper and pens provides, you have 5 minutes to write as many things as you can. (go round the groups to make sure they all know what they are supposed to be doing) AFTER THEY HAVE FINISHED. Ok, so now we will go round the groups one by one, and can you shout out one of your examples. Keep going around the groups until all the answers have been given, then show the examples on the slide above, making sure they have them all.
Now we all are clear on what and when to reference, we will now try a short quiz to test your new knowledge! On the screen are 10 statements. You have 5 minutes in your groups to decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE. Write these down on the back of your flip chart paper. (OR WRITE THEM NEXT TO THE QUESTIONS, IF THE STUDENTS ARE BEING GIVEN A PRINTED COPY OF THE QUESTIONS) ONCE STUDENTS HAVE DONE THIS, FLASH UP THE ANSWERS AND HAVE A QUICK FEEDBACK DISCUSSION IF ANY OF THEM ARE STILL CONFUSED / GOT LOTS WRONG
Now we all are clear on what and when to reference, we will now try a short quiz to test your new knowledge! On the screen are 10 statements. You have 5 minutes in your groups to decide whether they are TRUE or FALSE. Write these down on the back of your flip chart paper. (OR WRITE THEM NEXT TO THE QUESTIONS, IF THE STUDENTS ARE BEING GIVEN A PRINTED COPY OF THE QUESTIONS) ONCE STUDENTS HAVE DONE THIS, FLASH UP THE ANSWERS AND HAVE A QUICK FEEDBACK DISCUSSION IF ANY OF THEM ARE STILL CONFUSED / GOT LOTS WRONG
So, how do we actually go about referencing. When you are writing your report/essay/dissertation, if you want to cite someone's work, you should place the name of the Author and the year that the work was published in the main text of your work. This is known as a CITATION. At the end of your essay, you will have a detailed list of all the sources. This is called the REFERENCE LIST, or BIBLIOGRAPHY. It is really important that both the citations and the bibliography are consistent, uniform and really easy to understand! Depending on the type of referencing you decide to use, you may find that instead of the authors name a symbol, or number placed in brackets will be used. Similarly, the bibliography may be set out in several different formats which we are now going to discuss.
There are lots of different ways to reference – choose one style and stick to it throughout your project. One good easy to follow style that is commonly used is the “Harvard system” This is an example of how you would reference something you have used from a book. This uses the AUTHOR, DATE method as shown in the example above for the CITATION in the body text. In the bibliography at the end of the essay/report, the following information is given Who wrote it (Author name) When was it written (Year) What was written (Title of the book) Where and by whom was it published (Publishers name and city) Lots of information about different referencing styles is available on the internet, so if you are unsure, then it’s easy to look it up. As I mentioned before, there are lots of different styles, it’s easiest to pick one method and then stick with it!
When referencing a website or a journal article, the principles are the same as for a book, you just have to put in some other information.. For a journal article, in the body text, you would cite the author and the date. In the bibliography, you also need to give the following information. Who wrote it- Surname[s] of author[s], Initial[s]. When was it written - Year What was written - Title of article, Where was it published –Journal title Where can I find it in the journal – Volume of the journal, part number, page number An example is given above. For a website, you should list the web address as your citation and then again in your bibliography, list the web address and the date that you accessed the website. If the website has a title, for example – Cancer Research UK website, you can also write this down next to the web address.
Plagiarism is the use of any source, published or unpublished, without proper acknowledgement or referencing Proper referencing is good for everyone – it makes your work easier to follow up on and it illustrates that you have engaged with other people ’s ideas and have been able to use them and incorporate them into your own original work. This is a really useful skill! It ’s surprisingly easy to accidentally plagiarise, but this is easily avoided by thorough referencing… DON ’T GET CAUGHT OUT – it can have serious consequences!!
The next activity you are going to look at some examples of a (fictional) students work. You will also be given a source that the student has used. Working in your groups, read through the examples and you have to decide whether the student has Plagiarised from the original source Has used the source correctly and has cited and referenced the source well Has made some attempt at referencing correctly, but has made some errors that are bad practice and should be avoided. You have 10 mins to do this. Once the students have all attempted this, discuss the answers, getting the groups to feed back why they decided which was which, particularly in the case of the “bad practice” examples, pull out what was wrong, and how could these mistakes be avoided.
There are lots of different sources that you will be using in your projects, and this remains the same for any sort of academic work you will undertake. Hands up – give me some examples of sources The key to avoiding plagiarism is to properly acknowledge these sources EVERY TIME YOU USE THEM You need to be able to take good notes, which will allow you to trace your sources. Chances are you'll need to revisit sources and ideas and well referenced notes are the short cut to doing this without starting again from scratch! And, we have already discussed that as well as good note taking, using a standard referencing system, like Harvard will make your life much easier.
Note taking is a skill that you will develop over time, and practice makes perfect. Notes are a good way to help you understand what you have just read, and can be used to formulate any questions you may have coming from that source, leading to ideas that you want to investigate further. As you study and write your notes, don't copy chunks of text directly out of the book, instead always write your study notes in your own words (but note which book or article your notes were drawn from). Once you have taken notes from the original source, work only from your notes: put the original article or book away. Check your writing against the books and articles you are using as sources. If the words you've written are too similar to the original, you should try to revise your own wording. Things you should be noting down are Any facts and figures Direct quotations you might want to use Practice paraphrasing - When you paraphrase another author's writing you are rewriting their argument using your own words, phrasing and interpreting it in your own way. Source details!!! – this is most important, get into the habit of writing down as much information about the source (Author, date, title, etc)
Some final words of advice If you are in any doubt about whether or not you should cite a source, cite it. When you are making notes, make sure you record the source at the time and make it clear if you are copying directly, paraphrasing or summarising. This will save you time in the future as you will not have to come back to the source to check! A good tip for doing this is to have a “colour coding” system, so get some nice coloured pens and use different colours when you write down direct quotes! If you can, try and ALWAYS make notes in your own words. Don't cut and paste! When using information from the internet, write it down in your own words rather than just copying and pasting. Be prepared to go and find a reference for something you already know, for instance a scientific claim, in order to back it up. This will make your research much more credible.
Finally, the best way to avoid plagiarism and end up with a really excellent extended project report is to ALWAYS REFERENCE YOUR SOURCES!!!!