This document discusses 4G cellular networks and their evolution from earlier generations. 4G is defined as a fully packet-switched network optimized for data providing speeds up to 1 Gbps. The document outlines the progression from 0G to 1G to 2G to 3G networks and increased capabilities. It describes technologies like WiMAX that could enable 4G networks and possibilities like enhanced mobile gaming, personal media repositories, and broadband access anywhere. The road ahead and adoption of 4G is uncertain but mobile broadband will significantly impact lifestyles and work.

1. 4GFourth-Generation
Cellular Communication System
PREPARED BY
PRAHALLAD BADAPANDA
F.C.S.A
JNV, DEOGARH, ORISSA

2. AGENDA
 Introduction
 Evolution of Data Standards
 WiMAX
 The Road Ahead
 Closing Thoughts

3. 4G DEFINITION
4G is not one defined technology or standard, but
rather a collection of technologies and protocols
aimed at creating fully packet-switched networks
optimized for data.
4G networks are projected to provide speeds of
100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while
stationary.
Fourth Generation Cellular
Communication (4G)4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

4. EVOLUTION OF DATA STANDARDS
The radio telephone system preceded modern
cellular mobile telephony technology (1G).
The radio telephone system contained one
central antenna tower per region. The central
antenna required radio phones to have a
powerful transmitter, capable of transmitting up
to 50 miles. The number of radio telephones per
region was limited by the number of available
channels.
Unlike closed radio systems, radio telephones
were connected to the public telephone network
and were typically mounted in cars, trucks, and
briefcases.
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G
Zero Generation Mobile
Systems (0G)

5. EVOLUTION OF DATA STANDARDS
The 1G cellular telephone system
divided cities into small cells. This
division allowed extensive
frequency reuse across a city,
allowing millions to use cell phones
simultaneously.
1G cell phone technology
encompassed analog standards
introduced in the 1980s and
continued until replaced by 2G
digital cell phones.
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G
First Generation Cellular
Communication (1G)

6. EVOLUTION OF DATA STANDARDS
 Second Generation Cellular
Communication (2G)
2G digital technologies can be divided
into two standards:
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
- GSM: Originally from Europe but used
worldwide
- iDEN: Proprietary network used by Nextel
in the US
- PDC: Used exclusively in Japan
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access)
- IS-95: Commonly referred to as CDMA and
used in the Americas and parts of Asia
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

7. EVOLUTION OF DATA STANDARDS
 Third Generation
Cellular Communication (3G)
3G networks provide the ability to
transfer voice data and non-voice
data (music downloads, emails and
instant messaging) over the same
network simultaneously.
3G networks deliver broadband
capacity and support greater
numbers of voice and data
customers at lower incremental
costs than 2G.
Standards:
- W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division
Multiple Access
- EVDO: Evolution-Data Optimized
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

8. 3G VS. 4G
Less Complexity, Faster Transmission
Unlike the 3G networks which are a combination of circuit
switched and packet switched networks, 4G will be based on
packet switching only. This will allow low-latency data
transmission.
3G
Leading U.S. Carrier 3G EVDO
network currently averages
400 to 700 Kbps with peak
rates up to 2 Mbps.
4G
International Carrier is testing
4G communication at 100
Mbps while moving, and 1
Gbps while stationary.

9. 3G VS. 4G
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mbps
3G 4G
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

10. 4G POSSIBILITIES
 Enhanced Mobile Gaming4G
3G
2G
1G
0G
Experience enhanced wireless
capabilities that deliver mobile
gaming interaction with latency less
than five milliseconds.
Play online multiplayer games while
traveling at high speeds or sitting
outside.

11. 4G POSSIBILITIES
Personal Media Repository
Create a personal media
repository that can be
accessed from home and on
the road to view photos,
watch movies and listen to
your personal music
collection.
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

12. 4G POSSIBILITIES
Virtual Presence
Use hologram-generating virtual
reality programs that provide an
artificial presence just about
anywhere.
For example, decide if you want to
personally respond when someone
rings your front door while you are
away from home.
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

13. 4G POSSIBILITIES
Broadband Access in Remote
Locations
4G networks will provide a wireless
alternative for broadband access to
residential and business customers.
In addition, 4G will provide the first
opportunity for broadband access in
remote locations without an
infrastructure to support cable or
DSL access.
4G
3G
2G
1G
0G

14. WIMAX
 World Interoperability for Microwave Access
 There are two main applications of WiMAX:
1) Fixed WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004) - Fixed WiMAX
applications are point-to-multipoint enabling the delivery
of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to
cable and DSL for homes and businesses.
2) Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) - Mobile WiMAX
offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true
broadband speeds.

15. WIMAX
Fixed WiMAX Architecture

16. WIMAX
Mobile WiMAX Architecture

17. WIMAX ADOPTION
Fixed WiMAX Adoption
Fixed WiMAX is currently available however the adoption rate is
impacted by the high cost of equipment in comparison to cable or
DSL.
Fixed WiMAX provides greater benefits for developing countries that
do not already have physical infrastructure to support wired
broadband access.
Mobile WiMAX Adoption
Mobile WiMAX equipment will arrive to carriers toward the end of
2007. However, mobile equipment testing typically takes between
12 to 18 months before the equipment is introduced to the
consumer market.

18. WIMAX VS. WI-FI
 WiMAX / Wi-Fi Comparison
 WiMAX and Wi-Fi are somewhat independent, addressing
slightly different needs.
WiMAX uses private, licensed spectrum and provides Wi-Fi-like
service with guaranteed performance to larger public areas,
similar in coverage to cellular networks today.
Wi-Fi uses shared spectrum and operates at short distances,
making it ideal for low-cost, private networks (where usage of
the network is constrained to an office building or campus) or
free public systems (where service guarantees are not required).

19. THE ROAD AHEAD
GOING FORWARD WITH 4G
19

20. 4G ACCESS OPTIONS
 Embed 4G technology
into all end-user
devices
 Develop mobile
personal gateways
 Develop external
interfaces with 4G
peripherals

21. Embedded Laptop Partnerships

22. Potential 4G Peripherals
Smaller footprint peripherals have a greater potential
to support multiple devices.
PCMCIA Express Card USB Compact Flash Secure Digital

23. Availability of Peripheral Interfaces
Source: Availability based on direct interface or available adapters
ExpressCard 54
Slot
ExpressCard 34
Slot
PCMCIA
Ethernet Port
Firewire Port
SD I/O Card Slot
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
USB
PS3PSP
Xbox
360PDA
Digital
Camera
Video
CameraDesktopLaptop

24. Closing Thoughts
The lack of clarity and overuse of the term 4G could prove its
biggest opportunity, or could spell its premature demise.
As carriers begin to rollout 3G the term 4G may be rendered
meaningless by lack of definition.
However, the rollout of mobile broadband will have a profound
impact on the way we work and live.
Closing Thoughts