The document summarizes the golden ages of China under various dynasties. It discusses the Tang Dynasty which ruled from 618-850 AD and was China's greatest dynasty. The Tang established the civil service exam system and expanded the Grand Canal. It also discusses the Song Dynasty from 960-1279 AD which improved government and developed arts, trade, and inventions like printing, the compass, and gunpowder. The Mongols then conquered China in the 1200s but were later overthrown.