This document defines key terms related to culture and society in Araling Panlipunan (Social Studies). It discusses concepts such as culture, cultural values, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, enculturation, gender, religion, ethnicity, nationality, and socioeconomic status. Culture refers to the social practices, customs, and way of life of a particular group of people. Cultural values are a society's ideas about what is good, right, fair, and just. Cultural relativism is judging behaviors based on their cultural context rather than one's own culture.

1. ARALING PANLIPUNAN

2. AS A PROFICIENT TEACHER
• I know professional collaboration is a form of sharing knowledge and experiences
with our colleagues
• I do participate and impart my skills to my colleagues
• I feel that collaboration with my colleagues will help me to improve my learning and
teaching.
I can share my knowledge and skills to my colleagues to be able to develop teaching
learning process and to establish good relationship to colleagues as well.

3. • refers to the rich diversity in social practices that different
cultures exhibit around the world. Music, language, dance,
cuisine and art all change from one culture to the next,
but so do gender roles, economic systems, and social
hierarchy among any number of other humanly organized
behavior
• refers to the different social behaviors that different
cultures exhibit around the world.

4. What may be considered good etiquette in one
culture may be considered bad etiquette to another.
Human culture modify the natural environment and
it is also true that the natural environment initially
shaped the culture of society.

5. Affected by man’s geographical set up and
experiences

6. CULTURAL VALUES
A culture's values are its ideas about
what is good, right, fair, and just.

7. REAL CULTURE
REAL CULTURE refers to the values and
norms that a society actually follows.

8. IDEAL CULTURE
IDEAL CULTURE refers to the values
and norms that a society professes to
believe.

9. IDEAL VS REAL
An example of an ideal value is the
idea of marriage and monogamy
based on romantic love . In reality,
many marriages are based on things
other than romantic love (such as
money, convenience, or social
expectation), and many end in
divorce. While monogamous
marriages based on romantic love
certainly do exist, such marriages are
not universal, despite our value ideals.

10. CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Presence of multiple cultures and
cultural differences within a
society.

11. SUBCULTURE
A segment of society which share a distinctive
pattern of mores, folkways and values which differ
from the pattern of larger society.
It is a culture within a culture.
Groups that has specific cultural traits that set them
apart from the dominant culture.

12. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
The attempt to judge behavior according to its cultural
context.
The principle that an individual persons beliefs and
activities should be understood by others in terms of that
individual own culture.
The central point in cultural relativism is that in a particular
setting certain traits are right because they work in that
setting while others traits are wrong because they clash
painfully with the parts of that culture

13. ETHNOCENTRISM
It is a perception that arises from the fact that
cultures differ and each culture defines reality
different.
Judging another culture solely by the values and
standards of ones own culture.
evaluation of other cultures according to
preconceptions originating in the standards and
customs of one's own culture.

14. XENOCENTRISM
a culturally based tendency to value other
cultures more highly than one’s own, which can
materialize in a variety of different ways.

15. ENCULTURATION
• the process of teaching an individual the norms and
values of a culture through unconscious repetition. The
totality of actions within a culture establishes a context
that sets the conditions for what is possible within the
society. Learning in this context becomes a life-long
process developed through rhetoric in the form of
speech, texts, images, gestures, and practices that
reaffirm the technological, economic, political, social,
ideological, and philosophical bases of the culture.

16. SOCIAL DIFFERENCES

17. •The differences among the individuals on the
basis of social characteristics and qualities
•include class, race, culture, age, ability, sex etc.

19. GENDER
• range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating
between, masculinity and femininity
• gender role is a set of societal norms dictating the types
of behaviors which are generally considered acceptable,
appropriate, or desirable for people based on their actual
or perceived sex or sexuality

23. RELIGION
•any cultural system of designated behaviors and
practices, world views, texts, sanctified places,
ethics, or organizations, that relate humanity to the
supernatural or transcendental

25. ETHNICITY
•category of people who identify with each other
based on similarities such as common ancestral,
language, social, cultural or national experiences
•an inherited status based on the society in which
one lives.

26. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined
by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth,
history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic
systems such as religion, mythology and ritual,
cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance.

29. NATIONALITY
•legal relationship between a person and a state

31. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS
•social standing or class of an individual or group
•an economic and sociological combined total
measure of a person's work experience and of an
individual's or family's economic and social
position in relation to others, based
on income, education, and occupation