Sculpture and 3D assemblage involve creating three-dimensional artwork using various materials and techniques. Sculpture has been an important part of religious and political expression throughout history in many cultures. Notable sculptors mentioned include Napoleon Abueva, Arturo Luz, Guillermo Tolentino, and Abdulmari Asia Imao, known for their sculptures highlighting Filipino culture and history. 3D assemblage involves combining found objects into artistic compositions and originated in the early 20th century works of artists like Picasso, Duchamp, and Rauschenberg.

1. SCULPTURE AND 3D
ASSEMBLAGE

2. SCULPTURES
• Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions, and one of
the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of
material) and modelling (the addition of material, as
clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since modernism, shifts in
sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide
variety of materials may be worked by removal such as carving, assembled by welding or
modelling, or molded, or cast.
• Sculpture in stone survives far better than works of art in perishable materials, and often
represents the majority of the surviving works (other than pottery) from ancient
cultures, though conversely traditions of sculpture in wood may have vanished almost
entirely. However, most ancient sculpture was brightly painted, and this has been lost.[1]
• Sculpture has been central in religious devotion in many cultures, and until recent centuries
large sculptures, too expensive for private individuals to create, were usually an expression
of religion or politics. Those cultures whose sculptures have survived in quantities include
the cultures of the Ancient Mediterranean, India and China, as well as many in South
America and Africa.
• The Western tradition of sculpture began in Ancient Greece, and Greece is widely seen as
producing great masterpieces in the classicalperiod. During the Middle
Ages, Gothic sculpture represented the agonies and passions of the Christian faith. The
revival of classical models in the Renaissance produced famous sculptures such
as Michelangelo's David. Modernist sculpture moved away from traditional processes and the
emphasis on the depiction of the human body, with the making of constructed sculpture, and
the presentation of found objects as finished art works.

3. FAMOUS SCULPTURERS
1. Alexander Calder
2. Henry Spencer Moor
3. Pablo Picasso
4. Tony Smith
5. Constantin Brancusi
6. Mark di Suvero
7. Leonard Baskin
8. George E. Ohr
9. David Smith

4. EXAMPLES OF SCULPTURES

5. HISTORY OF SCULPTURE IN
THE PHILLIPINES
• Before the coming of the Spaniards, Philippine
sculpture had a striking similarity with the Egyptian
sculpture which is characterized by frontal nudity.
Their difference lies in the symbolism behind the
figure.
• In the Philippines, particularly among the
Ifugaos, the “bulol”(fertility) is considered as an
Ifugao granary god. It is a wooden sculpture in human
form to assure bountiful harvests for the natives.

6. BUL-OL
• The bulol, or sometimes bul-ol, to us not from the Cordilleras has accepted the
common notion that this carving symbolizes a rice god who guards the
Cordilleran’s rice granary.
• Represented both as a man (with phallic protrusions that would make the
convservative blush) and a woman, are common staples of the
Baguio, Sagada, Banaue and elsewhere up the mountainous north tourist trade as
trinkets and souvenirs.
• Indeed, the original function of sculpture was religious especially in relation to
ceremonies and beliefs.
• The carvings brought to the Philippines by early Arab and Russian missionaries
were of beveled type as the slanting type called Okkil. Although the word
literally means “to carve” it is not confined to carving alone but also refers to
design.

7. Sarimanok
• Woodcarving comes in ornamental form in the houses
of the Maranao like that of the "torogan" which
features the"panolong", an extended beam carved
with the Sarimanok or the Naga design.
• Modern PeriodA familiar example of sculpture with
the integration of architecture is the Art Deco Style
of the Metropolitan Theater at Liwasang Bonifacio
completed by Juan Arellano in 1931.

8. • Bladed Weapons of the Philippines
• These multi-purpose blades come in different
materials and designs. Blades were made of
iron which local smiths fashioned according to
their own design. Some metal blades were
ornamented with gold, silver, ivory, and brass.

9. • Ceramics
• The Philippines has an abundant supply of ceramic clay, thus, it is
not surprising that prehistoric pottery was used by early
Filipinos for religious rituals, burial jars, and other household
purposes.
• The word ceramic was derived from the Greek
word keramosmeaning a potter; it was also derived from a
Sanskrit word meaning “to burn.”
• There are different products classified under ceramics. These
are pottery, glass, structural
ceramics, refractories, abrasives,cement, tiles and plastics.

10. OTHER FAMOUS
SCULPTURES
• *Philippines Bonifacio sculpture
*Durian Sculpture of Davao
*Statue of the Virgin Mary In EDSA
shrine
*The sculpture of globe sits outside
the mall of asia
* Sculpture of a woman and a water
buffalo in Bocolod City

12. • FILIPINO SCULPTORS AND THEIR WORK
Napoleon V. Abueva - His works include "The Sculpture", which is installed in the United
Nations headquarters in New York City. His other works are Kaganapan, Kiss of
Judas, Thirty Pieces of Silver, The Transfiguration and many more.
• Arturo R. Luz - He sculpted the stainless steel cube in front of the Benguet Mining
Corporation Building in Pasig City.
• Guillermo Estrella Tolentino - His works include the UP Oblation, and the Bonifacio
Monument in Caloocan City. His other works include bronze figures of President Manuel
Quezon, busts of Jose Rizal, and a marble statue of Pres. Ramon Magsaysay which is
installed in the GSIS Building. He also did the official seal of the Republic of the
Philippines.
• Abdulmari Asia Imao - His works include the Industry Brass Mural installed at the
Philippine National Bank in La Union, the Mural Relief on Filmmaking at the Manila City
Hall, the Industrial Mural at the Central Bank of the Philippines in La Union, and Sulu
Warriors, which are statues of Paglima Unaid and Captain Abdurahim Imao installed at the
Sulu Provincial Capitol.
• Eduardo Castrillo - His works are mostly large welded metal sculptures displayed at the
Manila Memorial Park
• Solomon Saprid - His famous work is the Tikbalang
• Isabelo Tampinco - His works are mostly inside the churches of Intramuros, particularly
The Manila Cathedral and San Agustin Church.

13. NAPOLEON ABUEVA
• Napoleon Abueva, nicknamed Billy, was born on January 26, 1930
in Tagbilaran, Bohol to Teodoro Abueva, a Bohol congressman and
Purificacion (Nena) Veloso, president of the Women’s Auxiliary Service.
His father was a friend and contemporary of former Philippine
President Manuel Roxas and Ambassador Narciso Ramos. He was a
member of the Provincial Board, and later became the Provincial
Governor of Bohol. He ended his career as a Congressman in 1934. Both
of Abueva's parents died serving their country.
• Abueva has six other brothers and sisters: Teodoro (Teddy), Jr., now
based in New York, USA; Purificacion (Neny -deceased), married to
Atty. Ramon Binamira (dec.) of Tagbilaran City; Jose
Abueva (Pepe), former president of the University of the Philippines;
Amelia Martinez (Inday), now living in Chicago; Teresita (Ching)
Floro, now living in Sydney, Australia; and Antonio (Tony), a landscape
artist who met a tragic fate aboard Princess of the Orient; his body
has not been found.

15. ARTURO LUZ
• Si Arturo R. Luz ay
isang Pilipinong eskultor, pintor, at dibuhista. Nilikha
niya ang mga obra maestra na may marangal at
mahigipit na halimbawang kaisipan. Inaangat
niya estetikang pananaw ng mga Filipino sa isang payak
na sopistikadong paraan sa pamamagitan ng kanyang
mga ginawang pinta. Matatagpuan ang
kanyang mural na Black and White sa Bulwagang Carlos
V. Francisco ng CCP. Matatagpuan naman ang kanyang
cube na eskultura na gawa sa di kinakalawang na asero
sa gusali ng Benguet Mining Corporation sa Pasig.

17. GUILLERMO TOLENTO
• Ipinanganak si Tolentino noong Hulyo 24, 1890 sa Malolos, Bulakan kay Isidro
Tolentino at Balbina Estrella. Siya ay mag-aaral ni Gng. H. A. Bordner na siyang
unang nagturo sa kanya ng pagguguhit sa Paaralang Intermedyaryo ng Malolos.
Nagtapos siya ng mataas na paraalan sa Mataas na Paaralan ng Maynila. Dahil sa
kanyang sariling pagsisikap, nakapagtapos siya ng kurso ng pinong
sining sa Pamantasan ng Pilipinas noong 1915. Lumakbay papuntang Mga
Nagkakaisang Estado noong 1919 at pinagkalooban siya ng iskolarsyip ni Bernard
Baruch, isang Amerikanongmilyonaryo sa Paaralan ng Sining Beaux, Lungsod ng
Bagong York at tinapos niya na may mga gawad noong 1921. Sa taong din
iyon, lumakbay siya sa Europa, pumupunta sa mga tanyag
na museo at galerya sa Londres at Paris. Noong 1922, siya ay pumasok sa Regge
Istituto di Belle Arti, nakapagtapos ng pag-aaral nang bahagya sa pamamagitan ng
lingap ng kolonyang Italyanong sa Maynila. Sa Roma, gumanap ang kanyang unang
pang-isahang eksibisyon kung saan kabilang ang Saluto Romano (Saludong
Romano). Sa paligsahang pang-iskultura na ginanap sa Lungsod ng Walang
Hanggan, ang kanyang Apat na Mangangabayong Apokalipsis na napanalunan niya
ng ikalawang gantimpala. Umuwi sa Pilipinas noong 1924 at nagsarili sa loob ng
isang taon. Noong 1926, siya ay inatasan bilang guro sa Paaralan ng Pinong Sining
ng Pamantasan ng Pilipinas at kinalaunang naging propesor, kalihim, at sa huli
tagapamahala. Namuno siya ang Paaralan mula sa 1953 hanggang sa kanyang
pagreretiro bilang Emeritong Propesor noong 1955. Noong 1932, siya'y lumagay
sa tahimik kay Paz Raymundo at nagkaroon ng pitong anak.

19. ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO
• A native of Sulu, is a
sculptor, painter, photographer, ceramist, documentary film
maker, cultural researcher, writer, and articulator of Philippine
Muslim art and culture.
• Through his works, the indigenous ukkil, sarimanok and naga
motifs have been popularized and instilled in the consciousness
of the Filipino nation and other peoples as original Filipino
creations.
• His U.P. art education introduced him to Filipino masters like
Guillermo Tolentino and Napoleon Abueva, who were among his
mentors.
• With his large-scale sculptures and monuments of Muslim and
regional heroes and leaders gracing selected sites from Batanes
to Tawi-tawi, Imao has helped develop among cultural groups
trust and confidence necessary for the building of a more just
and humane society.

21. EDUARDO CASTRILLO
• Eduardo De Los Santos Castrillo (born
October 31, 1942) is an award-
winning Filipino sculptor. He was born in Santa
Ana, Manila, the youngest of five children of
Santiago Silva Castrillo, ajeweler, and
Magdalena De Los Santos, a leading actress
in Zarzuelas and Holy
Week pageants in Makati, Philippines. Castrillo
was a Republic Cultural Heritage awardee. He
is also a jewelry artist and designer.

23. SOLOMON SAPRID
• Year of Birth: 1917
Place of Birth: Imus, Cavite
Education : Master's Degree in Education, Major in Mass
Communication, Ohio
Slate University
Awards and Recognition:
1961 - 1st Prize, Int'l Christmas Card Contest sponsored by the
World Literacy and Christian Literature. National Council of
Churches • 1967 - 2nd Prize.Sculpture. 1st PAL Art Contest-
1979 - 2nd Prize, 2nd AAP National Sculpture Competition
sponsored by Abott Lighter

25. ISABELO TAMPINCO
• Isabelo Tampinco (19 November 1850 – 30 January
1933) was a Filipino sculptor known for his
woodcarvings for churches. Out of a desire to create
a uniquely Filipino style, he incorporated native flora
and fauna designs in his Art Nouveau style
woodcarvings. A Chinese mestizo and a direct
descendant of Rajah Lakandula, he was born
in Binondo, Manila. He apprenticed in the carving
shops of Binondo and enrolled in the Academia de
Dibujo y Pintura, Manila’s art academy, studying
sculpture under Agustin Saez and Lorenzo Rocha. He
was hailed as one of the most outstanding sculptors
of his time and was admired by Jose Rizal.

27. 3D Assemblage
• Assemblage is an artistic process. In the visual arts, it consists
of making three-dimensional or two-dimensional artistic
compositions by putting together found
objects. [1][2] In literature, assemblage refers to a text "built
primarily and explicitly from existing texts in order to solve a
writing or communication problem in a new context".[3]
• The origin of the artform dates to the cubist constructions
of Pablo Picasso c. 1912-1914.[4] The origin of the word (in its
artistic sense) can be traced back to the early 1950s, when Jean
Dubuffet created a series of collages of butterfly wings, which
he titled assemblages d'empreintes. However, both Marcel
Duchamp and Pablo Picasso had been working with found
objects for many years prior to Dubuffet. They were not alone.
Russian artist Vladimir Tatlin creates his "counter-reliefs" in
the middle of 1910s.

28. • Alongside Tatlin, the earliest woman artist to try her hand at
assemblage was Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, the Dada
Baroness. In addition, one of the earliest and most prolific
was Louise Nevelson, who began creating her sculptures from
found pieces of wood in the late 1930s.
• In 1961, the exhibition "The Art of Assemblage" was featured
at the New York Museum of Modern Art. The exhibition
showcased the work of early 20th century European artists such
as Braque, Dubuffet, Marcel Duchamp, Picasso, and Kurt
Schwitters alongside Americans Man Ray, Joseph
Cornell, Robert Mallary and Robert Rauschenberg, and also
included less well known American West Coast assemblage
artists such as George Herms, Bruce Conner and Edward
Kienholz. William C Seitz, the curator of the
exhibition, described assemblages as being made up of
preformed natural or manufactured materials, objects, or
fragments not intended as art materials.

29. EXAMPLES OF 3D
ASSEMBLAGE

30. HITORY OF 3D
ASSEMBLAGE IN THE
WORLD
• Marcel Duchamp
• Marcel Duchamp was born on July 28, 1887. While he painted
some, his most famous painting being "Nude Descending a
Staircase, No.2," he may be best known as the father of ready-
made art---or assemblage. He worked closely with other artists
of his time including Pablo Picasso. His genre of art generally fell
within Dadaism, Surrealism and Pop Art.
• First Assemblage Sculpture
• Duchamp's first ready-made sculpture was made with a toilet
urinal and a bottle rack. While the original artwork was lost, a
replica is now housed at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. The
piece is entitled "Fountain," and it was created in the year 1917.
It is an interesting piece that will not appeal to everyone;
however, there is no denying it makes a statement.

31. • Joseph Cornell
• Joseph Cornell was born in 1903 and died in 1972. According to
stateuniversity.com, Cornell was "an American artist and sculptor, one
of the pioneers and most celebrated exponents of assemblage." His
most well known works were in the form of boxed assemblages of found
objects. He also created many flat collages. He is well known for giving
his artwork to girls he liked, including ballerinas.
• Dale Devereux Copeland
• Assemblage art hasn't changed much since its inception. There is still
much debate in the art world over what the distinction is between
assemblage and collage. However, assemblage artists are still pressing
forward and making advances in the world of art. Dale Devereux
Copeland is a current artist living in New Zealand. She states on her
website that her art comes from the treasures she collects. Devereux
says when referring to her art that, "for me their beauty is one of the
joys which make life into a glowing jewel in the dust."

32. JEAN ( JOHN ) DUBUFFET
• Jean Philippe Arthur Dubuffet (July 31, 1901 – May 12, 1985) was one
of the most famous European painters and sculptors of the second half
of the 20th century. Dubuffet coined the term Art Brut for the art
produced by non-professionals working outside aesthetic norms, such as
art by children, mental patients, prisoners. The material in Art Brut is
essential. Dubuffet's art is representational, in which he strives for
the general and the popular meaning.
• John Dubuffet, while not the first ready-made sculptor, was the first
artist to use the term assemblage to describe his work. Dubuffet was
mostly active during the mid-part of the 20th century. One of his most
controversial assemblage pieces used hundreds of real butterfly wings
to cover faces in his artwork.

33. PRESENTING
PHILIPPINE’S
FAMOUS 3D
ASSEMBLAGER

34. Alfonso A. Ossorio
• Alfonso A. Ossorio (1916–1990) was an abstract expressionist artist who was
born in Manila in 1916 to wealthy Filipino parents from the province ofNegros
Occidental. His heritage was Hispanic, Filipino, and Chinese. Between the ages of
eight and thirteen, he attended school in England. At age fourteen, he moved to
the United States. Ossorio attended Portsmouth Priory (now Portsmouth Abbey
School) in Rhode Island, graduating in 1934. From 1934 to 1938, he studied fine
art at Harvard University and then continued his studies at the Rhode Island
School of Design. He became an American citizen in 1933 and served as a medical
illustrator in the United States Army during World War II.
• Ossorio’s early work was surrealist. He was an admirer and early collector of the
paintings of Jackson Pollock who counted him as a good friend. In the early
1950s, Ossorio was pouring oil and enamel paints onto canvas in the style of the
first abstract expressionist movement in the US.
• In 1950, he was commissioned by the parish of St. Joseph in Victorias
City, Negros Occidental in the Philippines to do a mural which would be known as
"The Angry Christ" to complete the reconstruction of the church. Ossorio had
this to say in an a 1968 interview." (The Angry Christ) is a continual last
judgment with the sacrifice of the mass that is the continual reincarnation of
God coming into this world. And it worked out beautifully because the services
take place usually very early because of the heat and the church had been
oriented so that the sun would come in and strike the celebrant as he stood at
the altar with this enormous figure behind him. It worked, if I do say so myself.
And although they loathed it at the time it was done it is almost now a place of

35. • Ossorio traveled to Paris to meet Jean Dubuffet in 1950. Dubuffet's interest
in art brut opened up new vistas for Ossorio, who found release from society's
preconceptions in the unstudied creativity of insane asylum inmates and children.
On the advice of Pollock, Ossorio purchased an expansive 60-acre (240,000 m2)
estate, "The Creeks", in East Hampton in 1951, and lived there for more than
forty years. He arranged to house and display Dubuffet’s art brut collection
there. In the 1950s, Ossorio began to create works resembling
Dubuffet's assemblages. He affixed shells, bones, driftwood, nails, dolls'
eyes, cabinet knobs, dice, costume jewelry, mirror shards, and children's toys to
the panel surface. Ossorio called these assemblages congregations, with the
term’s obvious religious connotation.
• Ossorio was represented alongside Dubuffet and nearly 140 other artists in
the Museum of Modern Art's 1961 exhibition The Art of Assemblage, which
introduced the practice to a broad public.
• Ossorio died in New York City in 1990. Half his ashes were scattered at his
grand estate The Creeks and the other half came to rest nine years later
at Green River Cemetery alongside the remains of many other famous
artists, writers and critics.[1] After his death, his longtime companion Edward
"Ted" Dragon arranged for the sale of The Creeks, eventually selling it to Ronald
Perelman complete with many of Ossorio's brightly colored found art sculptures
placed in among the groves of exotic evergreens that Ossorio had carefully
planted in his final 20 years of life. Outside of The Creeks, Harvard Art
Museum (Massachusetts), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Housatonic Museum
of Art (Bridgeport, Connecticut) and the Smithsonian American Art
Museum (Washington D.C.) are among the public collections holding work by
Alfonso A. Ossorio.

36. Ossorio’s Works

38. THE END
PREPARED BY:
LOULIZERL C. INFANTE