34. the dna viruses ii
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Adelwisa R. Ortega is a medical doctor. Her biography was compiled by Sulochan Lohani. The document provides the name of a medical doctor and identifies the compiler of her biography.
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Viruses
Viruses are non-cellular infectious agents that have two main characteristics: genetic material and a protein coat. Examples include bacteriophages that infect bacteria, as well as viruses like HIV, SARS, and Ebola. Viruses can multiply through either a lytic or lysogenic pathway. They evolve along with their hosts, and new threats can emerge from pathogens like Ebola, drug-resistant strains, and foodborne illnesses such as Salmonella.
32. other pathogenic mechanisms
This document lists several pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms that can cause diseases: Legionella, Listeria monocytogenesis, Erysipelothriz rhusioopathaiae, streptobacillusmonoliformis, calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis, Bartonellabacilliformis, and Gardnellavaginalis LAD. The document was compiled by Sulochan Lohani.
Viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses and viral diseases. It defines viruses as strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein that can only replicate inside host cells. Viruses are not considered alive since they lack characteristics of living things, like the ability to reproduce outside a host. The document describes how viruses cause diseases by destroying host cells during replication and release of new virus particles. It also discusses methods to treat and prevent viral diseases, including antiviral drugs and vaccines which trigger antibody production to develop immunity. The document concludes by noting scientists research viruses to develop new disease treatments and explore virus links to cancer.
34. the dna viruses i
Adelwisa R. Ortega is a medical doctor. Her credentials were compiled by Sulochan Lohani. The document provides the name and title of Adelwisa R. Ortega and identifies Sulochan Lohani as the compiler of her credentials.
Virology (CELL AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS)
The document discusses the characteristics, replication, and effects of viruses. It covers their size, shape, composition, classification and infectivity. It describes the differences between phages and animal viruses, and between DNA and RNA viruses. It also addresses the cytopathology and organismal effects of viruses, as well as their role in oncogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Virus
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are much smaller than bacteria and come in various shapes. Viruses cause diseases like smallpox, influenza, and AIDS. They enter cells and use the cell's machinery to replicate themselves before destroying the cell. While viruses cannot live outside of a host, they have developed ways to spread between hosts, such as through respiratory droplets or animal vectors. The best ways to prevent viral spread are vaccination, good hygiene like handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected bodily fluids.
Characteristics of viruses
Viruses are the smallest of all pathogens, ranging from 20-500 nanometers in size, consist of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsule, and have characteristics of both living and non-living entities. They contain genetic material and can reproduce but only within a host cell by taking over the cell's machinery. Viruses cause infectious disease, come in different shapes, and have the ability to mutate or become dormant.
Nomanclature of microbes
This document discusses the classification of different types of living organisms. It covers the six kingdoms of life - Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It describes key characteristics of bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants, animals, and viruses. The classification systems are meant to group organisms based on similarities to better understand and study life forms.
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Viruses
Viruses are non-cellular infectious agents that have two main characteristics: genetic material and a protein coat. Examples include bacteriophages that infect bacteria, as well as viruses like HIV, SARS, and Ebola. Viruses can multiply through either a lytic or lysogenic pathway. They evolve along with their hosts, and new threats can emerge from pathogens like Ebola, drug-resistant strains, and foodborne illnesses such as Salmonella.
32. other pathogenic mechanisms
This document lists several pathogenic bacteria and microorganisms that can cause diseases: Legionella, Listeria monocytogenesis, Erysipelothriz rhusioopathaiae, streptobacillusmonoliformis, calymmatobacterium (Donovania) granulomatis, Bartonellabacilliformis, and Gardnellavaginalis LAD. The document was compiled by Sulochan Lohani.
Viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses and viral diseases. It defines viruses as strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by protein that can only replicate inside host cells. Viruses are not considered alive since they lack characteristics of living things, like the ability to reproduce outside a host. The document describes how viruses cause diseases by destroying host cells during replication and release of new virus particles. It also discusses methods to treat and prevent viral diseases, including antiviral drugs and vaccines which trigger antibody production to develop immunity. The document concludes by noting scientists research viruses to develop new disease treatments and explore virus links to cancer.
34. the dna viruses i
Adelwisa R. Ortega is a medical doctor. Her credentials were compiled by Sulochan Lohani. The document provides the name and title of Adelwisa R. Ortega and identifies Sulochan Lohani as the compiler of her credentials.
Virology (CELL AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS)
The document discusses the characteristics, replication, and effects of viruses. It covers their size, shape, composition, classification and infectivity. It describes the differences between phages and animal viruses, and between DNA and RNA viruses. It also addresses the cytopathology and organismal effects of viruses, as well as their role in oncogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Virus
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are much smaller than bacteria and come in various shapes. Viruses cause diseases like smallpox, influenza, and AIDS. They enter cells and use the cell's machinery to replicate themselves before destroying the cell. While viruses cannot live outside of a host, they have developed ways to spread between hosts, such as through respiratory droplets or animal vectors. The best ways to prevent viral spread are vaccination, good hygiene like handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected bodily fluids.
Characteristics of viruses
Viruses are the smallest of all pathogens, ranging from 20-500 nanometers in size, consist of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat or capsule, and have characteristics of both living and non-living entities. They contain genetic material and can reproduce but only within a host cell by taking over the cell's machinery. Viruses cause infectious disease, come in different shapes, and have the ability to mutate or become dormant.
Nomanclature of microbes
This document discusses the classification of different types of living organisms. It covers the six kingdoms of life - Archaea, Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. It describes key characteristics of bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants, animals, and viruses. The classification systems are meant to group organisms based on similarities to better understand and study life forms.
06 viruses
Viruses are infectious agents that require a host cell to replicate. They contain either DNA or RNA, but not both, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components. Newly assembled viruses bud from the host cell to infect others. Viruses have both living characteristics like reproduction and mutation, but lack cellular structures and metabolism of their own.
Biology 120 lecture 1 2011 2012
The document provides an introduction to a microbiology lecture, covering definitions of microbiology and microorganisms. It then describes different types of microbes like bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses and prions. It compares their sizes and genome sizes. It also briefly discusses the history of microbiology including early discoveries and debates around spontaneous generation.
Rna viruses
This document discusses RNA viruses. It describes how RNA viruses were discovered and studied using random sequence RNAs. RNA viruses have protein capsids that protect their RNA genomes. Their RNA can be directly used for protein synthesis upon entering a host cell. Retroviruses are a category of RNA virus that use reverse transcriptase to transcribe their RNA into DNA, which can then integrate into the host cell's genome. RNA viruses mutate frequently due to the lack of proofreading by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases during replication, with mutation rates estimated between 10-4 to 10-6 mutations per base pair per generation.
Group of Dna viruses and viral vectors
This document discusses DNA viruses and viral vectors. It begins by introducing viruses and their classification based on host, morphology, genome, and structures. It then describes the Baltimore classification system for viruses. Viral vectors are discussed as effective means of gene transfer that can be manipulated to express therapeutic genes. Several virus types being investigated for gene delivery are described, including retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and herpes simplex viruses. Key properties of viral vectors like safety, toxicity, stability, and cell specificity are outlined. Specific types of viral vectors - retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral, adeno-associated viral, and herpes simplex viral vectors - are then characterized.
Microbiology Ch 13 lecture_presentation
This document describes characteristics of viruses. Key points include:
- Viruses are acellular infectious agents that contain either DNA or RNA and require host cells to replicate.
- They have an extracellular state as a virion containing a protein capsid and nucleic acid, and an intracellular state after entry into a host cell.
- Viruses infect a wide range of organisms from humans to plants to bacteria. They cause many common diseases.
- Viruses replicate by either a lytic cycle that destroys the host cell or a lysogenic cycle where the viral genome remains dormant in the host.
Dna Viruses
DNA viruses like poxviruses, herpesviruses, and hepatitis B viruses use DNA as their genetic material. Herpesviruses have larger virions and genomes than adenoviruses. They enter cells through fusion with the plasma membrane or endocytosis. During replication, herpesviruses use host enzymes to transcribe early genes that regulate expression of late genes for structural proteins. Virions assemble in the nucleus and acquire an envelope as they bud through the inner nuclear membrane. Viral genomes evolve through spontaneous or induced mutation during replication and by recombining genetic material within or between viruses through breaking and rejoining DNA or RNA.
33. an introduction to the viruses
Viruses have capsids made of protein subunits that enclose and protect their nucleic acid. Viruses come in two main shapes - helical or icosahedral - determined by the arrangement of capsomers in the capsid. Some viruses have an envelope in addition to the capsid.
Viral replication involves the virus binding to and entering a host cell, then using the cell's machinery to produce new viral components which are assembled and released to infect new cells. DNA and RNA viruses replicate via different mechanisms using virus-specific enzymes. Animal virus replication is more complex than bacterial viruses due to host cell complexity.
Growing viruses requires appropriate cell cultures or animal hosts that provide an environment where the virus can replicate
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #4
The document discusses different types of infectious agents including viruses, viroids, virusoids, and prions. It describes their structures and compositions. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that contain their own genome and proteins. Viroids contain only RNA, virusoids contain nucleic acid and a virus capsid, and prions are composed solely of protein. Defective viruses also require a helper virus. The document then discusses the history of virology discoveries and provides comparisons of viruses and cells.
Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Basics microbiology, that have as learning objective: Differentiate a virus from a bacterium. Characteristics about viruses. (Des Moines Area Community College´s PPT File)
Standard (+) Rna Virus
The document discusses RNA viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families that cause hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. It describes the structure and genome of togaviruses like alphaviruses and rubivirus, and flaviviruses like those that cause dengue, yellow fever, and hepatitis C. These viruses are transmitted by arthropods and can cause diseases ranging from mild fevers and rashes to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccines exist for some viruses like rubella and yellow fever.
general organization and characterstics of virus
Viruses are nonliving infectious agents that contain either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. They can only reproduce inside of living host cells by hijacking the cell's machinery to produce more viruses. Viruses vary greatly in size and morphology, ranging from 10-400 nanometers, and some have an additional outer envelope acquired from the host cell membrane. They exhibit both living characteristics like reproduction and mutation, as well as nonliving characteristics as they do not metabolize or divide outside of host cells.
Dna Virus
The document summarizes human DNA viruses, including their structure, replication cycles, and associated diseases. It covers adenoviruses, herpesviruses, papovaviruses, parvoviruses, poxviruses, and hepadnaviruses. Adenoviruses use host cell machinery to replicate their DNA and assemble new virus particles that ultimately cause cell lysis. Herpesviruses and papovaviruses replicate through rolling circle mechanisms. Parvoviruses and hepadnaviruses have unique replication features. Poxviruses are the only DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm.
dna and rna Viruses
Viruses are biological agents that reproduce inside host cells. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA and a protein coat. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes, and there are over 2,000 known virus species that can infect humans and cause diseases like influenza, hepatitis C, and SARS. Viruses have a life cycle where they attach and penetrate a host cell, use the cell to replicate their genetic material and proteins, assemble new virus particles, and are released to infect new cells. Viruses are classified based on their genetic material and structure. Important human virus families include those with RNA genomes like influenza virus and those with DNA genomes like adenovirus.
Chapter 19 lecture- Viruses & Bacteria
The document discusses bacteria and viruses. It describes that prokaryotes like bacteria are classified into eubacteria and archaebacteria based on cell wall composition. Viruses require a living host cell to reproduce and can cause lytic or lysogenic infections. Bacteria and viruses can cause diseases in humans and plants through various mechanisms.
Viruses ppt
Viruses exist at the boundary between living and non-living things. They consist of nucleic acids and proteins but cannot reproduce outside of a host cell. Viruses come in different shapes and sizes and have unique structures suited to their method of infection. They hijack the machinery of living cells to reproduce either through lytic or lysogenic cycles, ultimately resulting in the destruction of the host cell. While viruses rely on host cells, they are not considered alive as they do not have their own metabolism or respond to their environment.
Viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses, including their history of discovery, characteristics, components, shapes, classification, bacteriophages, replication cycles, enveloped viruses, and other related infectious agents like viroids and prions. It discusses key scientists and experiments that contributed to the understanding of viruses. The replication cycles of lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages as well as enveloped DNA and RNA viruses are described.
Chapter 2 classification of virus
This document provides an overview of virus classification and the Baltimore classification system. It begins with an introduction to naming conventions for viruses and general approaches to classification. It then describes the Baltimore classification in detail, which divides viruses into 7 classes based on their genome type and replication strategy. The classification focuses on whether the viral nucleic acids are DNA or RNA, and if they are single- or double-stranded. Key viral families are listed as examples for each class.
Virus ppt
This document defines viruses and summarizes their key characteristics and classification. It describes how viruses were first discovered through experiments filtering bacteria and plant extracts. Viruses are non-cellular particles that contain genetic material and invade living cells. They are smaller than bacteria, contain either DNA or RNA, and lack organelles. Viruses replicate only inside host cells and do not undergo binary fission. They have various structures depending on their nucleic acid arrangement and symmetry. Viruses are classified into groups based on their nucleic acids and ability to produce mRNA.
virus powerpoint
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are smaller than bacteria and contain genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes and cause diseases like influenza, measles, HIV/AIDS, and some cancers. Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox using a related cowpox virus. Viruses are identified based on their morphology, genetic material, presence of an envelope, capsid shape, host cell, and more. They exist in nature as parasites and depend on host cells for reproduction through lysogenic or lytic cycles.
10. fluids and electrolytes
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte composition and regulation in the body. It covers the following key points:
- Total body water is divided into intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid, which are in osmotic equilibrium.
- The hypothalamus and kidneys work together to regulate osmolality and fluid volume through antidiuretic hormone and sodium balance.
- Sodium is the principal extracellular cation and a key determinant of extracellular fluid volume and osmolality.
- Potassium is mainly intracellular and its concentration is regulated by the sodium-potassium pump and factors like insulin, pH, and aldosterone.
- Hypernatremia and hyponatremia and their causes, signs,
35. hepatitis
The document discusses hepatitis A-G viruses and viral hepatitis. It provides details on the transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and prevention of hepatitis A and B viruses. Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through the fecal-oral route, has an average incubation period of 30 days, and causes an acute infection with no chronic sequelae. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through blood, sexual contact and perinatal transmission. It may cause either an acute infection or develop into a chronic infection associated with long-term liver problems. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose both viruses and vaccines are available to prevent infection.
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Viruses are infectious agents that require a host cell to replicate. They contain either DNA or RNA, but not both, and use the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components. Newly assembled viruses bud from the host cell to infect others. Viruses have both living characteristics like reproduction and mutation, but lack cellular structures and metabolism of their own.
Biology 120 lecture 1 2011 2012
The document provides an introduction to a microbiology lecture, covering definitions of microbiology and microorganisms. It then describes different types of microbes like bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses and prions. It compares their sizes and genome sizes. It also briefly discusses the history of microbiology including early discoveries and debates around spontaneous generation.
Rna viruses
This document discusses RNA viruses. It describes how RNA viruses were discovered and studied using random sequence RNAs. RNA viruses have protein capsids that protect their RNA genomes. Their RNA can be directly used for protein synthesis upon entering a host cell. Retroviruses are a category of RNA virus that use reverse transcriptase to transcribe their RNA into DNA, which can then integrate into the host cell's genome. RNA viruses mutate frequently due to the lack of proofreading by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases during replication, with mutation rates estimated between 10-4 to 10-6 mutations per base pair per generation.
Group of Dna viruses and viral vectors
This document discusses DNA viruses and viral vectors. It begins by introducing viruses and their classification based on host, morphology, genome, and structures. It then describes the Baltimore classification system for viruses. Viral vectors are discussed as effective means of gene transfer that can be manipulated to express therapeutic genes. Several virus types being investigated for gene delivery are described, including retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and herpes simplex viruses. Key properties of viral vectors like safety, toxicity, stability, and cell specificity are outlined. Specific types of viral vectors - retroviral, lentiviral, adenoviral, adeno-associated viral, and herpes simplex viral vectors - are then characterized.
Microbiology Ch 13 lecture_presentation
This document describes characteristics of viruses. Key points include:
- Viruses are acellular infectious agents that contain either DNA or RNA and require host cells to replicate.
- They have an extracellular state as a virion containing a protein capsid and nucleic acid, and an intracellular state after entry into a host cell.
- Viruses infect a wide range of organisms from humans to plants to bacteria. They cause many common diseases.
- Viruses replicate by either a lytic cycle that destroys the host cell or a lysogenic cycle where the viral genome remains dormant in the host.
Dna Viruses
DNA viruses like poxviruses, herpesviruses, and hepatitis B viruses use DNA as their genetic material. Herpesviruses have larger virions and genomes than adenoviruses. They enter cells through fusion with the plasma membrane or endocytosis. During replication, herpesviruses use host enzymes to transcribe early genes that regulate expression of late genes for structural proteins. Virions assemble in the nucleus and acquire an envelope as they bud through the inner nuclear membrane. Viral genomes evolve through spontaneous or induced mutation during replication and by recombining genetic material within or between viruses through breaking and rejoining DNA or RNA.
33. an introduction to the viruses
Viruses have capsids made of protein subunits that enclose and protect their nucleic acid. Viruses come in two main shapes - helical or icosahedral - determined by the arrangement of capsomers in the capsid. Some viruses have an envelope in addition to the capsid.
Viral replication involves the virus binding to and entering a host cell, then using the cell's machinery to produce new viral components which are assembled and released to infect new cells. DNA and RNA viruses replicate via different mechanisms using virus-specific enzymes. Animal virus replication is more complex than bacterial viruses due to host cell complexity.
Growing viruses requires appropriate cell cultures or animal hosts that provide an environment where the virus can replicate
Bohomolets Microbiology Lecture #4
The document discusses different types of infectious agents including viruses, viroids, virusoids, and prions. It describes their structures and compositions. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that contain their own genome and proteins. Viroids contain only RNA, virusoids contain nucleic acid and a virus capsid, and prions are composed solely of protein. Defective viruses also require a helper virus. The document then discusses the history of virology discoveries and provides comparisons of viruses and cells.
Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
Basics microbiology, that have as learning objective: Differentiate a virus from a bacterium. Characteristics about viruses. (Des Moines Area Community College´s PPT File)
Standard (+) Rna Virus
The document discusses RNA viruses from the Togaviridae and Flaviviridae families that cause hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. It describes the structure and genome of togaviruses like alphaviruses and rubivirus, and flaviviruses like those that cause dengue, yellow fever, and hepatitis C. These viruses are transmitted by arthropods and can cause diseases ranging from mild fevers and rashes to hemorrhagic fever, encephalitis, and congenital rubella syndrome. Vaccines exist for some viruses like rubella and yellow fever.
general organization and characterstics of virus
Viruses are nonliving infectious agents that contain either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. They can only reproduce inside of living host cells by hijacking the cell's machinery to produce more viruses. Viruses vary greatly in size and morphology, ranging from 10-400 nanometers, and some have an additional outer envelope acquired from the host cell membrane. They exhibit both living characteristics like reproduction and mutation, as well as nonliving characteristics as they do not metabolize or divide outside of host cells.
Dna Virus
The document summarizes human DNA viruses, including their structure, replication cycles, and associated diseases. It covers adenoviruses, herpesviruses, papovaviruses, parvoviruses, poxviruses, and hepadnaviruses. Adenoviruses use host cell machinery to replicate their DNA and assemble new virus particles that ultimately cause cell lysis. Herpesviruses and papovaviruses replicate through rolling circle mechanisms. Parvoviruses and hepadnaviruses have unique replication features. Poxviruses are the only DNA viruses that replicate in the cytoplasm.
dna and rna Viruses
Viruses are biological agents that reproduce inside host cells. They contain genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA and a protein coat. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes, and there are over 2,000 known virus species that can infect humans and cause diseases like influenza, hepatitis C, and SARS. Viruses have a life cycle where they attach and penetrate a host cell, use the cell to replicate their genetic material and proteins, assemble new virus particles, and are released to infect new cells. Viruses are classified based on their genetic material and structure. Important human virus families include those with RNA genomes like influenza virus and those with DNA genomes like adenovirus.
Chapter 19 lecture- Viruses & Bacteria
The document discusses bacteria and viruses. It describes that prokaryotes like bacteria are classified into eubacteria and archaebacteria based on cell wall composition. Viruses require a living host cell to reproduce and can cause lytic or lysogenic infections. Bacteria and viruses can cause diseases in humans and plants through various mechanisms.
Viruses ppt
Viruses exist at the boundary between living and non-living things. They consist of nucleic acids and proteins but cannot reproduce outside of a host cell. Viruses come in different shapes and sizes and have unique structures suited to their method of infection. They hijack the machinery of living cells to reproduce either through lytic or lysogenic cycles, ultimately resulting in the destruction of the host cell. While viruses rely on host cells, they are not considered alive as they do not have their own metabolism or respond to their environment.
Viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses, including their history of discovery, characteristics, components, shapes, classification, bacteriophages, replication cycles, enveloped viruses, and other related infectious agents like viroids and prions. It discusses key scientists and experiments that contributed to the understanding of viruses. The replication cycles of lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages as well as enveloped DNA and RNA viruses are described.
Chapter 2 classification of virus
This document provides an overview of virus classification and the Baltimore classification system. It begins with an introduction to naming conventions for viruses and general approaches to classification. It then describes the Baltimore classification in detail, which divides viruses into 7 classes based on their genome type and replication strategy. The classification focuses on whether the viral nucleic acids are DNA or RNA, and if they are single- or double-stranded. Key viral families are listed as examples for each class.
Virus ppt
This document defines viruses and summarizes their key characteristics and classification. It describes how viruses were first discovered through experiments filtering bacteria and plant extracts. Viruses are non-cellular particles that contain genetic material and invade living cells. They are smaller than bacteria, contain either DNA or RNA, and lack organelles. Viruses replicate only inside host cells and do not undergo binary fission. They have various structures depending on their nucleic acid arrangement and symmetry. Viruses are classified into groups based on their nucleic acids and ability to produce mRNA.
virus powerpoint
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are smaller than bacteria and contain genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes and cause diseases like influenza, measles, HIV/AIDS, and some cancers. Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox using a related cowpox virus. Viruses are identified based on their morphology, genetic material, presence of an envelope, capsid shape, host cell, and more. They exist in nature as parasites and depend on host cells for reproduction through lysogenic or lytic cycles.
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- The hypothalamus and kidneys work together to regulate osmolality and fluid volume through antidiuretic hormone and sodium balance.
- Sodium is the principal extracellular cation and a key determinant of extracellular fluid volume and osmolality.
- Potassium is mainly intracellular and its concentration is regulated by the sodium-potassium pump and factors like insulin, pH, and aldosterone.
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Overview
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Key Topics Covered
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These topics will be covered
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