Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through internal use and distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time, place, and cost. Key aspects of material management include procurement, inventory control, storage, issue and use of materials, and equipment maintenance. ABC analysis and other techniques help prioritize items for control based on cost, criticality, usage and other factors. Effective material management is important for any organization to efficiently obtain and utilize necessary resources.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through internal use and distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time and place for the right cost. Key elements include demand estimation, procurement, storage, inventory control, equipment maintenance, and condemnation of unfit materials. Adopting scientific techniques like ABC analysis, VED analysis, and preventative maintenance can help organizations improve efficiency and make optimal use of resources.
This document discusses various aspects of material management. It defines material management and its aims, which include getting the right quality, quantity, time, place and cost of supplies. The key objectives of material management are economy in purchasing, demand satisfaction, reserve stock maintenance, consumption stabilization and client service. The document outlines various functional areas, principles, elements and objectives of an effective material management system. It also describes techniques for inventory control, procurement, storage and issue of materials.
This document discusses material management in healthcare settings. It defines material management and describes its aims, purposes, objectives, functional areas, procurement processes, inventory control techniques, and equipment maintenance and condemnation procedures. The key aspects of material management are planning, organizing and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through distribution in a scientific manner to achieve the right quality, quantity, time, place and cost of supplies. ABC, VED, SDE, and FSN analyses are inventory control techniques used to prioritize items.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through distribution. The key aims are to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time and place at the lowest possible cost. Effective material management requires forecasting demand, establishing scientific inventory controls like economic order quantity and ABC analysis, following proper procurement and storage procedures, and implementing preventative maintenance and condemnation of equipment when required. Adopting sound material management principles can improve organizational efficiency.
This document discusses material management, which involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations and distribution. The key objectives of material management are to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time, place, and cost. Effective material management requires functions like purchasing, inventory control, storage, and issue/use to be properly managed. Inventory control techniques like determining economic order quantities, re-order levels, and ABC analysis are important to ensure adequate materials are available while minimizing costs.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through internal operations to distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time and place for the right cost. Key aspects of material management include procurement, inventory control, storage, and disposal. Effective material management results in optimal inventory levels and maximizes supply service and efficiency.
Material management is concerned with planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. The aims of material management are to obtain the right quality, quantity, time, place, and cost of supplies. Objectives include gaining economy in purchasing, satisfying demand, carrying reserve stock, stabilizing consumption, and providing good customer service. Procurement involves selecting suppliers, specifying contracts, and monitoring orders to acquire supplies as inexpensively and high in quality as possible with prompt delivery.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through internal use and distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time and place for the right cost. Key elements include demand estimation, procurement, storage, inventory control, equipment maintenance, and condemnation of unfit materials. Adopting scientific techniques like ABC analysis, VED analysis, and preventative maintenance can help organizations improve efficiency and make optimal use of resources.
This document discusses various aspects of material management. It defines material management and its aims, which include getting the right quality, quantity, time, place and cost of supplies. The key objectives of material management are economy in purchasing, demand satisfaction, reserve stock maintenance, consumption stabilization and client service. The document outlines various functional areas, principles, elements and objectives of an effective material management system. It also describes techniques for inventory control, procurement, storage and issue of materials.
This document discusses material management in healthcare settings. It defines material management and describes its aims, purposes, objectives, functional areas, procurement processes, inventory control techniques, and equipment maintenance and condemnation procedures. The key aspects of material management are planning, organizing and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through distribution in a scientific manner to achieve the right quality, quantity, time, place and cost of supplies. ABC, VED, SDE, and FSN analyses are inventory control techniques used to prioritize items.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through distribution. The key aims are to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time and place at the lowest possible cost. Effective material management requires forecasting demand, establishing scientific inventory controls like economic order quantity and ABC analysis, following proper procurement and storage procedures, and implementing preventative maintenance and condemnation of equipment when required. Adopting sound material management principles can improve organizational efficiency.
This document discusses material management, which involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations and distribution. The key objectives of material management are to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time, place, and cost. Effective material management requires functions like purchasing, inventory control, storage, and issue/use to be properly managed. Inventory control techniques like determining economic order quantities, re-order levels, and ABC analysis are important to ensure adequate materials are available while minimizing costs.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through internal operations to distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time and place for the right cost. Key aspects of material management include procurement, inventory control, storage, and disposal. Effective material management results in optimal inventory levels and maximizes supply service and efficiency.
Material management is concerned with planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. The aims of material management are to obtain the right quality, quantity, time, place, and cost of supplies. Objectives include gaining economy in purchasing, satisfying demand, carrying reserve stock, stabilizing consumption, and providing good customer service. Procurement involves selecting suppliers, specifying contracts, and monitoring orders to acquire supplies as inexpensively and high in quality as possible with prompt delivery.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through use. The key objectives are to obtain the right quality and quantity of materials, at the right time and place, for the lowest cost. This involves effective procurement, storage, inventory control, and disposal processes. ABC analysis and other techniques help prioritize materials for different levels of control based on factors like cost and criticality. Maintaining proper records for equipment helps ensure optimal performance and determines appropriate time for repair, replacement, or condemnation.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through use. It aims to obtain materials of the right quality, quantity, time, place, and cost. Key aspects include demand estimation, procurement, storage, inventory control methods like ABC and VED analysis, maintenance and repair of equipment, and disposal of condemned materials. Effective material management is crucial for providing necessary supplies to healthcare workers and delivering quality services to patients.
Material management is a scientific technique, concerned with Planning, Organizing &Control of flow of materials, from their initial purchase to destination.
Materials management is a core supply chain function involving planning and executing supply chains to meet material needs. Material managers determine stock levels and replenishment needs, create inventory levels, and communicate requirements. The objectives of material management include obtaining the right materials at the right time and price from reliable sources. An effective materials management information system provides the right information to support decision making. Purchasing, receiving, inspection, and proper storage are important functions to ensure quality materials are procured and maintained.
powerpoint presentation material management.pptxSimran Kaur
The document discusses various concepts related to materials management in healthcare facilities. It defines key terms like value analysis, lead time, buffer stock, supplies, equipment, and facilities. It describes the traditional and integrated approaches to materials management. The primary and secondary objectives of materials management are listed as well as the key activities involved - estimation of demand, procurement, storage, issue, and disposal. Methods of demand estimation like moving average are explained. The advantages of centralized purchasing over decentralized purchasing are provided. Different procurement systems like open tender, rate contract, and negotiated procurement are outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of maintenance and repair of equipment to reduce materials costs.
The document discusses material management in healthcare facilities. It defines material management and outlines its key aims and principles, which include obtaining supplies of the right quality, quantity, time and place at the lowest cost. It describes the various functions and elements of material management like procurement, storage, inventory control and equipment maintenance. The primary objectives are economy, continuity of supply and developing good supplier relationships.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from purchase to distribution. Its aims are to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time, place, and cost. Key objectives include obtaining the lowest prices, minimizing inventory levels, and operating efficiently. Effective material management requires classifying items using various analyses to determine appropriate inventory controls and safety stock levels based on factors like cost, criticality, usage, and availability. Proper storage, ordering, and disposal procedures help ensure an organization has needed materials while minimizing costs and waste.
The document discusses material management in hospitals. It defines material management and explains that it aims to efficiently acquire, store, and distribute materials according to organizational goals. Materials account for a significant portion of hospital expenses, so effective material management can help contain costs. The document outlines various aspects of material management like demand forecasting, procurement, inventory control, and storage. It discusses methods of forecasting demand, different types of inventory analysis, economic order quantity, and key terms related to inventory management. The overall summary is that the document provides an overview of the principles and processes involved in effective material management and inventory control in hospitals.
This document provides an overview of material management concepts. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. The key objectives of material management are to obtain the right quality, quantity, and cost of supplies at the right time and place. Inventory control aims to maintain adequate stock levels to avoid stockouts while minimizing investment. ABC, VED, FSN, and HML analyses are approaches to prioritizing inventory items for different levels of control. Economic order quantity models help determine optimal reorder amounts and timing.
material management- inventory control in NSG managementThangamjayarani
The document discusses material management and inventory control in a healthcare setting. It provides definitions of key terms like material management, inventory, and Vital-Essential-Desirable (VED) analysis. Some main points:
- Material management involves planning, purchasing, storing, and controlling materials to provide services at minimum cost. About 40% of healthcare budgets are spent on procuring and managing supplies.
- Inventory is stock held to meet future demand and provide a buffer between availability and need. It is classified as official (for clinical use) and unofficial (for non-clinical use).
- VED analysis classifies inventory based on criticality - vital items are most critical and cannot be out of stock,
This document discusses various concepts related to material management. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. It describes key functions like planning, procurement, inventory management, and storage. Different inventory models are explained including EOQ and ABC analysis for classification and control of inventory. Material accounting systems and roles of nurses in material management are also summarized.
This document discusses material management in healthcare organizations. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling the acquisition, storage, and distribution of materials needed by healthcare personnel. The key functions of material management are planning and sourcing, budgeting, research, procurement, receiving, storage, accounting and control, issuing, disposal, and maintenance. Effective material management aims to obtain the right materials in the right quantity, quality, time, and place while reducing costs and avoiding stockouts. Principles like POSDCORB guide material planning and procurement processes.
This document provides an overview of material management in healthcare organizations. It defines material management and discusses its purpose, objectives, elements and principles. The key elements discussed include demand estimation, planning, procurement, storage, inventory control, and quality control. Various scientific analyses for inventory control are also covered, including ABC analysis. The document emphasizes the importance of proper care, safekeeping and maintenance of equipment and materials to support patient care.
INVENTORYCONTROL. definition and methodsjesmitha2740
This document discusses various methods for inventory control in a pharmacy. It describes setting inventory levels like maximum, re-order, danger, and minimum levels. Classification methods like ABC analysis and VED analysis are explained to categorize inventory items based on annual consumption or essentiality. Other techniques covered are lead time, safety stock, and economic order quantity which help determine optimal order sizes and quantities. The objective is to maintain adequate stock levels while minimizing costs of ordering, carrying inventory, and stockouts.
Materials management is essential for healthcare organizations as it ensures the right quality and quantity of supplies are available at the right time and place. About 60% of health sector funds go to personnel while 40% go to supplies. Effective materials management requires planning the flow of materials from purchase to distribution. The goals are to obtain materials at the lowest cost while meeting quality standards and having adequate inventory levels to avoid stockouts.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality, quantity, and cost of materials at the right time and place. Key aspects of material management include inventory control methods like ABC analysis to classify items into A, B, and C categories based on cost and priority. Other analyses include VED, FSN, and HML to categorize items for different criteria. Proper material management helps ensure adequate supply, minimize costs, and improve organizational efficiency.
The document discusses inventory control in hospitals. It defines inventory control and describes the objectives as maintaining the optimal level of supplies to efficiently order and store just the right amount needed for patients while tracking costs. It outlines different types of inventory including official and unofficial inventories. It also describes concepts like reorder levels, safety stocks, lead times, and costs of ordering, carrying, and shortages. Methods of selective inventory control are provided like ABC analysis.
This document discusses material management in healthcare. It defines material management and lists its basic functions which include effective purchasing, inventory control, and distribution systems. The goals of material management are to have the right materials in the needed quantities and quality at the lowest possible price. Key aspects covered include demand forecasting, procurement, receipt and inspection of materials, storage, and issue and use of materials. Effective material management is important for delivering quality healthcare services on budget.
This study analyzes the relationship between digital marketing and demographic characteristics in the Indian hotel sector. The objectives are to analyze how digital marketing relates to age groups, education levels, and hotel revenue. The researchers conducted interviews and surveys of 50 hotels in Delhi, India. The results show a positive correlation between education level/hotel revenue and familiarity with digital marketing. Higher education levels and more revenue are linked to greater digital marketing knowledge. The study aims to help hotels better understand factors influencing digital marketing practices and familiarity.
Alisha Ancheary has 9 years of experience in operations management at a chemical company. She holds a BTech in chemical engineering and an MBA in human resource management. The document discusses break-even analysis, which is used to determine the level of production or sales needed to cover total costs. It defines key terms like fixed costs, variable costs, and contribution margin. An example calculation shows how to determine the break-even point in units and sales revenue. Benefits of break-even analysis include setting revenue targets and making better pricing decisions. Limitations include not accounting for variable demand and assuming fixed costs remain constant.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through use. The key objectives are to obtain the right quality and quantity of materials, at the right time and place, for the lowest cost. This involves effective procurement, storage, inventory control, and disposal processes. ABC analysis and other techniques help prioritize materials for different levels of control based on factors like cost and criticality. Maintaining proper records for equipment helps ensure optimal performance and determines appropriate time for repair, replacement, or condemnation.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through use. It aims to obtain materials of the right quality, quantity, time, place, and cost. Key aspects include demand estimation, procurement, storage, inventory control methods like ABC and VED analysis, maintenance and repair of equipment, and disposal of condemned materials. Effective material management is crucial for providing necessary supplies to healthcare workers and delivering quality services to patients.
Material management is a scientific technique, concerned with Planning, Organizing &Control of flow of materials, from their initial purchase to destination.
Materials management is a core supply chain function involving planning and executing supply chains to meet material needs. Material managers determine stock levels and replenishment needs, create inventory levels, and communicate requirements. The objectives of material management include obtaining the right materials at the right time and price from reliable sources. An effective materials management information system provides the right information to support decision making. Purchasing, receiving, inspection, and proper storage are important functions to ensure quality materials are procured and maintained.
powerpoint presentation material management.pptxSimran Kaur
The document discusses various concepts related to materials management in healthcare facilities. It defines key terms like value analysis, lead time, buffer stock, supplies, equipment, and facilities. It describes the traditional and integrated approaches to materials management. The primary and secondary objectives of materials management are listed as well as the key activities involved - estimation of demand, procurement, storage, issue, and disposal. Methods of demand estimation like moving average are explained. The advantages of centralized purchasing over decentralized purchasing are provided. Different procurement systems like open tender, rate contract, and negotiated procurement are outlined. The document emphasizes the importance of maintenance and repair of equipment to reduce materials costs.
The document discusses material management in healthcare facilities. It defines material management and outlines its key aims and principles, which include obtaining supplies of the right quality, quantity, time and place at the lowest cost. It describes the various functions and elements of material management like procurement, storage, inventory control and equipment maintenance. The primary objectives are economy, continuity of supply and developing good supplier relationships.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from purchase to distribution. Its aims are to obtain the right quality and quantity of supplies at the right time, place, and cost. Key objectives include obtaining the lowest prices, minimizing inventory levels, and operating efficiently. Effective material management requires classifying items using various analyses to determine appropriate inventory controls and safety stock levels based on factors like cost, criticality, usage, and availability. Proper storage, ordering, and disposal procedures help ensure an organization has needed materials while minimizing costs and waste.
The document discusses material management in hospitals. It defines material management and explains that it aims to efficiently acquire, store, and distribute materials according to organizational goals. Materials account for a significant portion of hospital expenses, so effective material management can help contain costs. The document outlines various aspects of material management like demand forecasting, procurement, inventory control, and storage. It discusses methods of forecasting demand, different types of inventory analysis, economic order quantity, and key terms related to inventory management. The overall summary is that the document provides an overview of the principles and processes involved in effective material management and inventory control in hospitals.
This document provides an overview of material management concepts. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. The key objectives of material management are to obtain the right quality, quantity, and cost of supplies at the right time and place. Inventory control aims to maintain adequate stock levels to avoid stockouts while minimizing investment. ABC, VED, FSN, and HML analyses are approaches to prioritizing inventory items for different levels of control. Economic order quantity models help determine optimal reorder amounts and timing.
material management- inventory control in NSG managementThangamjayarani
The document discusses material management and inventory control in a healthcare setting. It provides definitions of key terms like material management, inventory, and Vital-Essential-Desirable (VED) analysis. Some main points:
- Material management involves planning, purchasing, storing, and controlling materials to provide services at minimum cost. About 40% of healthcare budgets are spent on procuring and managing supplies.
- Inventory is stock held to meet future demand and provide a buffer between availability and need. It is classified as official (for clinical use) and unofficial (for non-clinical use).
- VED analysis classifies inventory based on criticality - vital items are most critical and cannot be out of stock,
This document discusses various concepts related to material management. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. It describes key functions like planning, procurement, inventory management, and storage. Different inventory models are explained including EOQ and ABC analysis for classification and control of inventory. Material accounting systems and roles of nurses in material management are also summarized.
This document discusses material management in healthcare organizations. It defines material management as planning, organizing, and controlling the acquisition, storage, and distribution of materials needed by healthcare personnel. The key functions of material management are planning and sourcing, budgeting, research, procurement, receiving, storage, accounting and control, issuing, disposal, and maintenance. Effective material management aims to obtain the right materials in the right quantity, quality, time, and place while reducing costs and avoiding stockouts. Principles like POSDCORB guide material planning and procurement processes.
This document provides an overview of material management in healthcare organizations. It defines material management and discusses its purpose, objectives, elements and principles. The key elements discussed include demand estimation, planning, procurement, storage, inventory control, and quality control. Various scientific analyses for inventory control are also covered, including ABC analysis. The document emphasizes the importance of proper care, safekeeping and maintenance of equipment and materials to support patient care.
INVENTORYCONTROL. definition and methodsjesmitha2740
This document discusses various methods for inventory control in a pharmacy. It describes setting inventory levels like maximum, re-order, danger, and minimum levels. Classification methods like ABC analysis and VED analysis are explained to categorize inventory items based on annual consumption or essentiality. Other techniques covered are lead time, safety stock, and economic order quantity which help determine optimal order sizes and quantities. The objective is to maintain adequate stock levels while minimizing costs of ordering, carrying inventory, and stockouts.
Materials management is essential for healthcare organizations as it ensures the right quality and quantity of supplies are available at the right time and place. About 60% of health sector funds go to personnel while 40% go to supplies. Effective materials management requires planning the flow of materials from purchase to distribution. The goals are to obtain materials at the lowest cost while meeting quality standards and having adequate inventory levels to avoid stockouts.
Material management involves planning, organizing, and controlling the flow of materials from initial purchase through operations to distribution. It aims to obtain the right quality, quantity, and cost of materials at the right time and place. Key aspects of material management include inventory control methods like ABC analysis to classify items into A, B, and C categories based on cost and priority. Other analyses include VED, FSN, and HML to categorize items for different criteria. Proper material management helps ensure adequate supply, minimize costs, and improve organizational efficiency.
The document discusses inventory control in hospitals. It defines inventory control and describes the objectives as maintaining the optimal level of supplies to efficiently order and store just the right amount needed for patients while tracking costs. It outlines different types of inventory including official and unofficial inventories. It also describes concepts like reorder levels, safety stocks, lead times, and costs of ordering, carrying, and shortages. Methods of selective inventory control are provided like ABC analysis.
This document discusses material management in healthcare. It defines material management and lists its basic functions which include effective purchasing, inventory control, and distribution systems. The goals of material management are to have the right materials in the needed quantities and quality at the lowest possible price. Key aspects covered include demand forecasting, procurement, receipt and inspection of materials, storage, and issue and use of materials. Effective material management is important for delivering quality healthcare services on budget.
This study analyzes the relationship between digital marketing and demographic characteristics in the Indian hotel sector. The objectives are to analyze how digital marketing relates to age groups, education levels, and hotel revenue. The researchers conducted interviews and surveys of 50 hotels in Delhi, India. The results show a positive correlation between education level/hotel revenue and familiarity with digital marketing. Higher education levels and more revenue are linked to greater digital marketing knowledge. The study aims to help hotels better understand factors influencing digital marketing practices and familiarity.
Alisha Ancheary has 9 years of experience in operations management at a chemical company. She holds a BTech in chemical engineering and an MBA in human resource management. The document discusses break-even analysis, which is used to determine the level of production or sales needed to cover total costs. It defines key terms like fixed costs, variable costs, and contribution margin. An example calculation shows how to determine the break-even point in units and sales revenue. Benefits of break-even analysis include setting revenue targets and making better pricing decisions. Limitations include not accounting for variable demand and assuming fixed costs remain constant.
This document discusses currency exchange policies and procedures. It defines key terms like currency, exchange rates, and responsibilities of those involved in managing foreign exchange. The objectives are to ensure foreign exchange is handled efficiently and staff understands accepted currencies. The policy needs to remain consistent with company objectives and financial trends, and be reviewed regularly by a committee including the CFO and Treasurer.
The document discusses the planning and layout of a bar facility. It provides information on the history of bars, types of bars, equipment and supplies used, liquor licenses required, and layout of the front bar, back bar, underbar, and other areas. The key sections covered include the objective of bar planning, a brief history of bars dating back to ancient Greece, the main equipment, licenses needed to serve alcohol, and layout of the front, back and underbar areas including recommended dimensions.
The document provides details for establishing a new fast food outlet called Foodies in Udaipur, India. It includes plans for the layout and design of the outlet, menu options, equipment needs, supplier information, staffing structure, and goals for customer service and market presence. The outlet aims to satisfy customers with quality meals, maintain high service standards, and build loyalty through friendly interactions.
The document provides details on planning and setting up a new fast food outlet called Foodies. It includes information on the layout and design of the outlet, menu options, capacity calculations, equipment needs, supplier details, staffing structure, and plans for marketing and sales. The goal is to provide customers with quality meals and good service while building a loyal customer base.
The bar was invented in Great Britain 170 years ago by engineer I.K. Brunel as a way to more quickly serve drinks. The first bar to serve alcohol was installed at The Great Western Hotel. There are many types of bars including wine bars, cocktail bars, beer bars, pub bars, lounge bars, sports bars, night clubs bars, dive bars, and cabaret bars that serve various alcoholic beverages and foods specific to their concept. Bars originated as a specialised counter for serving drinks to customers.
The document discusses the five generations of computers from the first generation in 1946 to the present fifth generation. The first generation used vacuum tubes and were large, unreliable, and produced a lot of heat. The second generation introduced transistors, making computers smaller and more reliable. The third generation used integrated circuits which further reduced size and heat. The fourth generation used microprocessors on a single chip. The fifth generation aims to develop very powerful computers using artificial intelligence.
The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations:
First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)
Before there are graphing calculators, spreadsheets, and computer algebra systems, mathematicians and inventors searched for solutions to ease the burden of calculation.
Below are the 8 mechanical calculators before modern computers were invented.
The modern computer took its shape with the arrival of your time. It had been around 16th century when the evolution of the computer started. The initial computer faced many changes, obviously for the betterment. It continuously improved itself in terms of speed, accuracy, size, and price to urge the form of the fashionable day computer. This long period is often conveniently divided into the subsequent phases called computer generations:
First Generation Computers (1940-1956)
Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
Fourth Generation Computers (1971-Present)
Fifth Generation Computers (Present and Beyond)
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Donate to charity during this holiday seasonSERUDS INDIA
For people who have money and are philanthropic, there are infinite opportunities to gift a needy person or child a Merry Christmas. Even if you are living on a shoestring budget, you will be surprised at how much you can do.
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-to-donate-to-charity-during-this-holiday-season/
#charityforchildren, #donateforchildren, #donateclothesforchildren, #donatebooksforchildren, #donatetoysforchildren, #sponsorforchildren, #sponsorclothesforchildren, #sponsorbooksforchildren, #sponsortoysforchildren, #seruds, #kurnool
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Indira P.S Vs sub Collector Kochi - The settlement register is not a holy cow...
30961.ppt
1. MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
By
DR.I.SELVARAJ, I.R.M.S
Sr.D.M.O (Selection Grade Officer) (on study leave),
INDIAN RAILWAYS MEDICAL SERVICE
B.Sc., M.B.B.S., D.P.H (Madras medical college, Recognized by MCI).,
D.I.H., PGCH&FW (NIHFW, New Delhi)
III rd year Post graduate student in M.D Community medicine
Department of Community medicine
Sree Ramachandra Medical College,
Porur,Chennai
2. Definition
It is concerned with planning, organizing and
controlling the flow of materials from their initial
purchase through internal operations to the service
point through distribution.
OR
Material management is a scientific technique,
concerned with Planning, Organizing &Control of flow
of materials, from their initial purchase to destination.
3. AIM OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
To get
1. The Right quality
2. Right quantity of supplies
3. At the Right time
4. At the Right place
5. For the Right cost
4. PURPOSE OF MATERIAL MANAGEMENT
•To gain economy in purchasing
•To satisfy the demand during period of replenishment
•To carry reserve stock to avoid stock out
•To stabilize fluctuations in consumption
•To provide reasonable level of client services
5. Primary
•Right price
•High turnover
•Low procurement
•& storage cost
•Continuity of supply
•Consistency in quality
•Good supplier
relations
•Development of
personnel
•Good information
system
Objective of material management
Secondary
•Forecasting
•Inter-departmental
harmony
•Product improvement
•Standardization
•Make or buy decision
•New materials & products
•Favorable reciprocal
relationships
6. Economy in material management
•Containing the costs
•Instilling efficiency in all activities
7. Four basic needs of Material
management
1. To have adequate materials on hand when needed
2. To pay the lowest possible prices, consistent with
quality and value requirement for purchases
materials
3. To minimize the inventory investment
4. To operate efficiently
8. Basic principles of material management
1. Effective management & supervision
It depends on managerial functions of
• Planning
• Organizing
• Staffing
• Directing
• Controlling
• Reporting
• Budgeting
2. Sound purchasing methods
3.Skillful & hard poised negotiations
4.Effective purchase system
5.Should be simple
6.Must not increase other costs
7.Simple inventory control programme
9. Elements of material management
1. Demand estimation
2. Identify the needed items
3. Calculate from the trends in Consumption during last
2 years.
4. Review with resource constraints
10. Functional areas of material management
1. Purchasing
2. Central service supply
3. Central stores
4. The print shops
5. The pharmacy
6. Dietary
& Linen services
11. PROCUREMENT
1. Directorate general of supply & disposal
(DGS & D, Govt. Of India]
2. Medical stores depot (M. S.D. Government
of India, Ministry of H & FW]
3. Private or public sector undertakings.
4. Receiving donations.
13. Objectives of procurement system
•Acquire needed supplies as inexpensively as possible
•Obtain high quality supplies
•Assure prompt & dependable delivery
•Distribute the procurement workload to avoid period of
idleness & overwork
•Optimize inventory management through scientific
procurement procedures
14. CALL FOR
OFFERS
CALL FOR
OFFERS
YES
YES
DETERMINE DRUGS & DRUG
REQUIREMENTS
DETERMINE DRUGS & DRUG
REQUIREMENTS
DRUG REQUIREMENTS
DRUG REQUIREMENTS
DONATION
SOURCE
DONATION
SOURCE
GOVERNMENT
PRODUCTION
GOVERNMENT
PRODUCTION
DETERMINE DRUGS & DRUG
REQUIREMENTS
DETERMINE DRUGS & DRUG
REQUIREMENTS
PURCHASE
REQUIREMENTS
PURCHASE
REQUIREMENTS
OPEN TENDER
OPEN TENDER RESTRICTED
TENDER
RESTRICTED
TENDER
NEGOTIATED
TENDER
NEGOTIATED
TENDER
DIRECT
PURCHASE
DIRECT
PURCHASE
REQUEST OFFERS FROM
ELIGIBLE SUPPLIERS
REQUEST OFFERS FROM
ELIGIBLE SUPPLIERS
LOCATE
RELIABLE
SUPPLIERS
LOCATE
RELIABLE
SUPPLIERS
CONTACT
RELIABLE
SUPPLIER
CONTACT
RELIABLE
SUPPLIER
EVALUATE &
SELECT SUPPLIER
EVALUATE &
SELECT SUPPLIER
EVALUATE OFFERS
& SELECT
SUPPLIERS
EVALUATE OFFERS
& SELECT
SUPPLIERS
NEGOTIATE PRICE &
SUPPLY CONDITIONS
NEGOTIATE PRICE &
SUPPLY CONDITIONS
ESTABLISH
PRICE
ESTABLISH
PRICE
PURCHASE ORDER
/ CONTRACT
PURCHASE ORDER
/ CONTRACT
PURCHASE ORDER /
CONTRACT
PURCHASE ORDER /
CONTRACT
PURCHASE
ORDER /
CONTRACT
PURCHASE
ORDER /
CONTRACT
PURCHASE
ORDER /
CONTRACT
PURCHASE
ORDER /
CONTRACT
DRUGS RECEIVED, CHECKED AGAINST PURCHASE ORDER / CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS & CLEARED
FOR DISTRIBUTION
DRUGS RECEIVED, CHECKED AGAINST PURCHASE ORDER / CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS & CLEARED
FOR DISTRIBUTION
ADJUST
QUANTITIES
ADJUST
QUANTITIES
ADJUST
QUANTITIES
ADJUST
QUANTITIES
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO NO NO
YES YES
FLOW OF PROCUREMENT DECISIONS
FLOW OF PROCUREMENT DECISIONS
15. Open tender
•Public bidding, resulting in low prices
•Published in newspapers
•Term - 4 weeks
•Quotations must be sent in the specific forms
that are sold, before the time &date mentioned in
the tender form
•In technical items, ‘two packets or two bins’
system is followed. Offers are given in two
separate packets.
•Technical bid
•Financial bid
Cont……
16. •First technical bid is opened & short listed
•Then financial bid of selected companies are
opened & lowest is selected
•Delayed tenders & late tenders are not accepted.
But if, in case of delayed tenders, if the rate quoted is
very less, then it can be accepted.
•Quotations are opened in presence of indenting
department, accounts & authorized persons of party
•Validity of tenders – generally 90 days
17. Earnest money
2 % of the tender amount or as decided has to be paid
along with all quotations. In case of default 1/5 is withheld
Restricted or limited tender
From limited suppliers (about 10)
Lead-time is reduced
Better quality
Negotiated procurement
Buyer approaches selected potential Suppliers & bargain
directly
Used in long time supply contracts
Direct procurement
Purchased from single supplier, at his quoted price
Prices may be high
Reserved for proprietary materials, or low priced, small
quantity & emergency purchases
18. Rate contract
Firms are asked to supply stores at specified Rates
during the period covered by the Contract
Spot purchase
It is done by a committee, which includes an officer
from stores, accounts & purchasing departments
Risk purchase
If supplier fails, the item is purchased from other
agencies & the difference in cost is recovered from
the first supplier
19. Points to remember while purchasing
•Proper specification
•Invite quotations from reputed firms
•Comparison of offers based on basic price, freight & insurance,
taxes and levies
•Quantity & payment discounts
•Payment terms
•Delivery period, guarantee
•Vendor reputation
(reliability, technical capabilities, Convenience, Availability, after-
sales service, sales assistance)
•Short listing for better negotiation terms
•Seek order acknowledgement
20. Storage
• Store must be of adequate space
• Materials must be stored in an appropriate place
• in a correct way
• Group wise & alphabetical arrangement helps in
• identification & retrieval
• First-in, first-out principle to be followed
• Monitor expiry date
• Follow two bin or double shelf system, to avoid
• Stock outs
• Reserve bin should contain stock that will cover
• lead time and a small safety stock
Issue & use
Can be centralized or decentralized
21. Inventory control
It means stocking adequate number and
kind of stores, so that the materials are
available whenever required and wherever
required. Scientific inventory control results
in optimal balance
22. Functions of inventory control
•To provide maximum supply service,
consistent with maximum efficiency &
optimum investment.
•To provide cushion between forecasted &
actual demand for a material
23. Economic order of quantity
EOQ = Average Monthly Consumption X Lead Time [in
months] + Buffer Stock – Stock on hand
CARRYING
COST
PURCHASING
COST
ECONOMIC ORDER OF
QUANTITY(EOQ)
24. •Re-order level: stock level at which fresh
order is placed.
•Average consumption per day x lead time +
buffer stock
•Lead time: Duration time between placing
an order & receipt of material
•Ideal – 2 to 6 weeks.
25. ABC ANALYSIS
(ABC = Always Better Control)
This is based on cost criteria.
It helps to exercise selective control when confronted
with large number of items it rationalizes the number of
orders, number of items & reduce the inventory.
About 10 % of materials consume 70 % of resources
About 20 % of materials consume 20 % of resources
About 70 % of materials consume 10 % of resources
26. ‘A’ ITEMS
Small in number, but consume large amount
of resources
Must have:
•Tight control
•Rigid estimate of requirements
•Strict & closer watch
•Low safety stocks
•Managed by top management
27. ‘C’ ITEMS
Larger in number, but consume lesser amount of
resources
Must have:
•Ordinary control measures
•Purchase based on usage estimates
•High safety stocks
ABC analysis does not stress on items those are
less costly but may be vital
29. ‘B’ ITEM
Intermediate
Must have:
•Moderate control
•Purchase based on rigid requirements
•Reasonably strict watch & control
•Moderate safety stocks
•Managed by middle level management
30. VED ANALYSIS
• Based on critical value & shortage cost of an item
–It is a subjective analysis.
•Items are classified into:
Vital:
•Shortage cannot be tolerated.
Essential:
•Shortage can be tolerated for a short period.
Desirable:
Shortage will not adversely affect, but may be using more
resources. These must be strictly Scrutinized
V E D ITEM COST
A AV AE AD CATEGORY 1 10 70%
B BV BE BD CATEGORY 2 20 20%
C CV CE CD CATEGORY 3 70 10%
CATEGORY 1 - NEEDS CLOSE MONITORING & CONTROL
CATEGORY 2 - MODERATE CONTROL.
CATEGORY 3 - NO NEED FOR CONTROL
31. SDE ANALYIS
Based on availability
Scarce
Managed by top level management
Maintain big safety stocks
Difficult
Maintain sufficient safety stocks
Easily available
Minimum safety stocks
FSN ANALYSIS
Based on utilization.
Fast moving.
Slow moving.
Non-moving.
Non-moving items must be periodically reviewed to prevent
expiry
& obsolescence
HML ANALYSIS
Based on cost per unit
Highest
Medium
Low
This is used to keep control over consumption
at departmental level for deciding the frequency of physical verification.
32. PROCURMENT OF EQUIPMENT
Points to be noted before purchase of an
equipment:
•Latest technology
•Availability of maintenance & repair facility,
with minimum down time
•Post warranty repair at reasonable cost
•Upgradeability
•Reputed manufacturer
•Availability of consumables
•Low operating costs
•Installation
•Proper installation as per guidelines
33. HISTORY SHEET OF EQUIPMENT:
History sheet
Name of equipment
Code number
Date of purchase
Name of supplier
Name of manufacturer
Date of installation
Place of installation
Date of commissioning
Environmental control
Spare parts inventory
Techn. Manual / circuit
diagrams / literatures
After sales arrangement
Guarantee period
Warranty period
Life of equipment
Down time / up time
Cost of maintenance
Unserviceable date
Date of condemnation
Date of replacement
34. Maintenance sheet:
Annual maintenance contract [AMC]
Starting date
Expiry date
Service / repair description
Materials / spares used
Cost of repairs
In-house
Outside agency
35. EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE & CONDEMNATION
Maintenance & repairs:
Preventive maintenance
Master maintenance plan
Repair of equipment
36. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
•Purchase with warranty & spares.
•Safeguard the electronic equipments with: (as per
guidelines)
•Voltage stabilizer, UPS
•Automatic switch over generator
•Requirement of electricity, water, space, atmospheric
conditions, etc. Must be taken into consideration
•Well equipped maintenance cell must be available
•All equipment must be operated as per instructions with
trained staff
•Monitoring annual maintenance contracts. (AMC)
•Maintenance cell
•Communications between maintenance cell & suppliers of
the equipment.
•Follow-up of maintenance & repair services
•Repair of equipment
•Outside agencies
•In-house facility
37. CONDEMNATION & DISPOSAL
Criteria for condemnation:
The equipment has become:
1. Non-functional & beyond economical repair
2. Non-functional & obsolete
3. Functional, but obsolete
4. Functional, but hazardous
5. Functional, but no longer required
38. PROCEDURE FOR CONDEMNATION
1. Verify records.
2. History sheet of equipment
3. Log book of maintenance & repairs
4. Performance record of equipment
5. Put up in proper form & to the proper authority
39. DISPOSAL
1. Circulate to other units, where it is needed
2. Return to the vendor, if willing to accept
3. Sell to agencies, scrap dealers, etc
4. Auction
5. Local destruction
40. CONCLUSION
Material management is an important management tool which will be
very useful in getting the right quality & right quantity of supplies at
right time, having good inventory control & adopting sound methods
of condemnation & disposal will improve the efficiency of the
organization & also make the working atmosphere healthy any type
of organization, whether it is Private, Government ,Small
organization, Big organization and Household.
Even a common man must know the basics of material management
so that he can get the best of the available resources and make it a
habit to adopt the principles of material management in all our daily
activities