This document provides an overview of the development of Philippine literature from pre-colonial times to the nationalist period. It discusses the characteristics and literary forms of each period. In pre-colonial times, literature was based on oral traditions and included riddles, proverbs, folk songs, folk tales, and myths. During the Spanish colonization, religious literature like the Pasyon and secular works like the Florante at Laura were introduced. The nationalist period saw the rise of propaganda and revolutionary literature written in Tagalog to promote nationalism and independence, including essays, novels like Noli Me Tangere, and poems.

1. LITERATURE
From the Philippines and the World
Ms. Rebekah C. Mambiar

2. DEVELOPM
ENT OF
PHILIPPINE
LITERATUR
E

3. PRE-
COLONIAL
(--BC to
1564)

4. Characteristics
1.Based on oral traditions
2.Crude on ideology and
phraseology

5. Literary Forms
Riddles (bugtong) – battle of wits among
participants
1. Oral
Literature

6. ACTIVITY: Riding
Riddles
• Among your housemates, prepare 5 riddles
you have encountered and/or create riddles
of your own.
• Write them in ¼ sheets of paper, including the
riddles’ answers.
• Whichever house gets to guess rightly the
most number of riddles gets 50 points in this
activity

7. Literary Forms
Proverbs (salawikain) – wise sayings that
contain a metaphor used to teach as a
food for thought etc.
1. Oral
Literature

8. ACTIVITY
1. A former fish vendor who won a lotto jackpot doesn’t like to visit
the flea market anymore because, according to him, the place
stinks.
2. A child complains every day of a meager school allowance.
3. A notorious liar gets caught again telling lies accidentally spilling
out the truth from his own mouth.
4. A young couple quarreled over lack of viand on a dinner table
and decided to part ways.
5. Overjoyed by the profit gained overnight from a small business,
the businessman sold all his properties to use as business
capital, but the market plummeted consistently two weeks after.
Think of proverbs appropriate to each
situation

9. Literary Forms
a. Hele or oyayi – lullaby
b. Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable
per line poem that are about human
relationships and social entertainment
2. Folk Songs

10. Literary Forms
Tanaga - a mono-riming heptasyllabic
quatrain expressing insights and lessons
on life is "more emotionally charged than
the terse proverb and thus has affinities
with the folk lyric."
1. Oral
Literature

11. Literary Forms
A form of folk lyric which expresses the
hopes and aspirations, the people's
lifestyles as well as their loves. These
are often repetitive and sonorous,
didactic and naive
2. Folk Songs

12. Literary Forms
a. Hele or oyayi – lullaby
b. Ambahan (Mangyan) – 7-syllable
per line poem that are about human
relationships and social entertainment
2. Folk Songs

13. Literary Forms
c. Kalusan (Ivatan) - work songs that
depict the livelihood of the people
d. Tagay (Cebuano and Waray) –
drinking song
2. Folk Songs

14. Literary Forms
e. Kanogan (Cebuano) – song of
lamentation for the dead
2. Folk Songs

15. Literary Forms
a. Myths – explain how the world was
created, how certain animals possess
certain characteristics, why some
places have waterfalls, volcanoes,
mountains, flora or fauna
2. Folk Tales

16. Literary Forms
b. Legends – explain the origin of
things
Why the Pineapple Has Eyes
The Legend of Maria Makiling
2. Folk Tales

17. Literary Forms
c. Fables – used animal characters and
allegory
d. Fantastic stories – deal with
underworld characters such as
“tiyanak”, “aswang”, “kapre” and others
2. Folk Tales

18. SPANISH
COLONIZATI
ON (1565 –
1863)

19. Characteristics
• It has two distinct classifications:
religious and secular.
• It introduced Spanish as the
medium of communication.

20. Literary Forms
• Religious lyrics written by ladino poets
or those versed in both Spanish and
Tagalog were included in early
catechism and were used to teach
Filipinos the Spanish language.
Religious Literature

21. Literary Forms
• Pasyon – long narrative poem about
the passion and death of Christ. The
most popular was “Ang Mahal na
Passion ni Jesu Cristong Panignoon
Natin” by Aguino de Belen
Religious Literature

22. Literary Forms
• Awit - colorful tales of chivalry made
for singing and chanting
Example: Ibong Adarna
Secular Literature

23. Literary Forms
• Korido – metrical tale written in
octosyllabic quatrains
Example: Florante at Laura by Francisco Baltazar
• Prose Narratives – written to prescribe
proper decorum
Secular Literature

24. Literary Forms
• Senakulo –
dramatization of the
pasyon, it shows the
passion and death of
Christ
Religious Literature

25. NATIONALIS
TIC PERIOD
(1864 – 1896)
Propaganda and
Revolutionary Period

26. Characteristics
• Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos
• Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
• Addressed the masses instead of the
“intelligentsia”

27. Literary Forms
• Reformatory in objective
Propaganda Literature

28. Literary Forms
• Political Essays – satires, editorials
and news articles were written to
attack and expose the evils of Spanish
rule
• Diariong Tagalog – founded by Marcelo del Pilar
• La Solidaridad – whose editor-in-chief is Graciano
Lopez-Jaena
Propaganda Literature

29. Literary Forms
• Political Novels
• Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo –
Jose Rizal’s masterpieces that paved the
way to the revolution
Propaganda Literature

30. Literary Forms
• Revolutionary Literature – more
propagandistic than literary as it is
more violent in nature and demanded
complete independence for the
country
Revolutionary
Literature

31. Literary Forms
• Political Essays – helped inflame the
spirit of revolution
• Kalayaan – newspaper of the society,
edited by Emilio Jacinto
Revolutionary
Literature

32. Literary Forms
• Poetry
• True Decalogue – Apolinario Mabini
• Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas
– Andres Bonifacio
• Liwanag at Dilim – Emilio Jacinto
Revolutionary
Literature