This document discusses poverty alleviation programs in India including the Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), Training of Rural Youth For Self Employment (TRYSEM), and Development of Women And Children In Rural Areas (DWCRA). The IRDP aims to enable families below the poverty line to generate income and cross the poverty threshold through self-employment opportunities. TRYSEM provides vocational skills training to rural youth aged 18-35 from poor families to seek jobs in agriculture, industry, services or business. DWCRA specifically targets development of women and children in rural areas through self-help groups.

1. Rajeev Kumar, IIT Kharagpur
rajeev.iit.78@gmail.com

5.  Is it just relative concept?
 Is it part of mind?
 Is it just thought of mind?

6.  Inability to getting choice and opportunities.
 Violation of human dignity.
 Lack of basic capacity to participate
effectively in society.
--- (United Nations)

7.  Deprivation of well-being
 Low income
 Inability to acquire the basic goods and
service necessary for survival with dignity
(World Bank)
People are rich or poor according to the degree
in which they can afford to enjoy the
necessities, convenience, and amusement of
human life--- Adam Smith

8.  Combine those definitions and explain in
your simple words (5-10 minutes)

10.  World bank defined new international poverty
line ( 79.21 a day, 2005) (equivalent to INR 63.37
in USA a day in 1996). Now recently been
updated to 158.41 per day
 29.8% of Indians are below poverty line
(UNDP, 2010).
 Nearly 65% of the poor people are in rural areas,
most of them are daily wagers, landless laborers
and self employed house holders.
 There are a number of reasons for poverty in
India. Poverty in India can be classified into two
categories namely rural poverty and urban
poverty.

11. (1) Absolute and (2) Relative
Absolute Poverty
 Severe deprivation of basic human needs (
Food, safe water, sanitation, health shelter,
education, and information)
 Extreme poverty
 Consistent over time
 Not only depends on income, but also access
to service

12.  It is defined contextually
 It is economic inequality in locations and
societies, in which people live.
 It is socially defined, depend on social
context
 It measure only income inequality

14.  As a government-appointed
commission works on defining a new poverty
line,
 it might want to consult India’s Parsis,
descendants of Zoroastrians who migrated to
India from Persia (present-day Iran) several
centuries ago.
 the Bombay Parsi Punchayet(BPP), an
administrative body for the Parsi community
in India, said it will define Parsis as poor if
their monthly income is less than 90,000
rupees ($1,613).

15.  This translates to an annual income of 1.08
million rupees, way above India’s 2011 annual
per capita income of about 85,000 rupees.
 You’re a poor Parsi if you’re ‘slightly’ richer than
the average Indian, in other words.
 The punchayet‘s reason for the “poor” label,
revealed during a court case in Mumbai, is to
ensure that Parsis are eligible for apartments in
subsidised city housing.
 The Parsis, a close-knit and wealthy community
struggling with a dwindling population, have
always been known for their enterprising spirit.
Some of India’s most successful businesses,
including the omnipresent Tata Group, are part
of the Parsi tradition.

18.  The Government of Kerala is one of the
few state governments which has formulated
its own criteria.
 In Kerala there are nine parameters. Families
which lack access to four or more parameters
are classified as BPL.
 The nine parameters for urban areas are:
 No land or less than five cents of land
 No house or dilapidated house
 No sanitation latrine
 Family with an illiterate family member

19.  Based on the Suresh Tendulkar panel's
recommendations in 2011-12, the poverty
line had been fixed at Rs 27 in rural areas
and Rs 33 in urban areas, levels at which
getting two meals may be difficult.
 The Rangarajan committee was tasked with
revisiting the Tendulkar formula for
estimation of poverty and identification of
the poor after a massive public outcry
erupted over the abnormally low poverty
lines fixed by UPA government

20.  No regular employed person in the family
 No access to safe drinking water
 Women-headed household or presence of
widows or divorcee
 Scheduled castes and scheduled
tribes (SC/ST)
 Mentally retarded or disabled member in the
family
 Income based poverty line in India

21. Reasons of poverty Impact of poverty
Reasons of poverty  Impact of poverty

22.  Make a conceptual framework
 Make a flow diagram
 And write a concept note on poverty

34. Primary activities are directly dependent on environment as
these refer to utilisation of earth’s resources such as land,
water, vegetation, building materials and minerals. It, thus
includes, hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing,
forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying. Primary
Sector

35. Secondary activities add value to natural resources
by transforming raw materials into valuable
products.
Secondary activities, therefore, are concerned
with manufacturing, processing and construction
(infrastructure) industries.

36. Tertiary activities include both
production and exchange.
The production involves the ‘provision’ of
services that are ‘consumed.
Exchange, involves trade, transport and
communication facilities that are used to
overcome distance.

37. Quaternary activities are specialized tertiary
activities in the ‘Knowledge Sector’ which
demands a separate classification.
There has been a very high growth in demand for
and consumption of information based services
from mutual fund managers to tax consultants,
software developers and statisticians.
Personnel working in office buildings, elementary
schools and university classrooms, hospitals and
doctors’ offices, theatres, accounting and
brokerage firms all belong to this category of
services.

38. Quinary activities are services that focus on the
creation, re-arrangement and interpretation of new and
existing ideas; data interpretation and the use and
evaluation of new technologies.
Often referred to as ‘gold collar’ professions, they
represent another subdivision of the tertiary sector
representing special and highly paid skills of
senior business executives, government
officials, research scientists, financial and
legal consultants, etc.

39.  Integrated Rural development programm (IRDP)
 Training of Rural Youth For Self Employment
(TRYSEM),
 Development of Women And Children In Rural Areas
(DWCRA)
 Minimum Need Programm (MNP)

40.  The Integrated Rural Development
Programme (IRDP) is a major instrument of
the government to alleviate poverty.
 Its objective is to enable selected families to
cross the poverty line by taking up self-
employment ventures in a variety of
activities like agriculture, horticulture and
animal husbandry in the primary sector,
weaving and handicrafts in the secondary
sector, and service and business activities in
the tertiary sector.

41.  The aim of the IRDP is to see that a minimum
stipulated number of families is enabled to
cross the poverty line within the limits of a
given investment and in a given time-frame.

42.  Thus, the three variables involved are:
 (a) Number of poor households,
 (b) Resources available for investment, and
 (c) The time-span over which the investment
would yield an income which would enable
the family to cross the poverty line.

43.  The IRDP was launched by the centre in March 1976 in 20
selected districts, but from October 1982 it was extended
to all districts in the country.
 This programme considers a household as the basic unit of
development.
 The functional aspect of this programme can be gauged
from the fact that above 80 lakh households are said to
have been assisted within five years—between 1993-94 and
1997-98–in the matter of improving their economic
conditions and rising above the poverty line.
 A number of institutions have undertaken studies with
respect to the implementation and working of the IRDP.
 They point out flaws in the implementation of the
programme. None of these studies have, however,
questioned the utility of the programme.

44.  The scheme called Training Rural Youth for Self-
Employment was started on August 15, 1979 to provide
technical skills to the rural youth to enable them to seek
employment in fields of agriculture, industry, services and
business activities.
 Only youth in the age group of 18-35 and belonging to
families living below the poverty line are eligible for train-
ing. Priority for selection is given to Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribe persons, ex-servicemen and those who are
ninth pass.
 One-third seats are reserved for women. Stipend to the
trainees ranges from Rs. 75 to Rs. 200 per month. On
completion of training, TRYSEM beneficiaries are assisted
under the IRDP. In four years between 1992-93 and 1995-
96, about two lakh youths were trained every year, of
whom about 45 per cent became self-employed and 30 per
cent remained employed on wages (Economic and Political
Weekly, 1995).

45.  In the early 1980s, the Government of India
launched the Development of Women and
Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA) program
under the Integrated Rural Development
Program.
 Though the DWCRA program was not very
successful in the rest of the country, it was
successful in Andhra Pradesh.

46.  Poverty Alleviation Programme In India—
Policy perspective by T. Rangnathan
 Community Development in India: An
Overview by N.G Hegde
 Poverty Alleviation Programme in India: A
Social Audit by C.A.K Yesudian