This document discusses early warning early action systems and their components. It describes how effective early warning systems are end-to-end, people-centered, and consider multiple hazards. The key components are risk knowledge, monitoring and warning services, preparedness and response capacities, and warning dissemination. Examples are provided of community early warning systems, forecast-based financing, and how early warning can support social protection programs and national systems. National Societies have opportunities to incorporate early warning early action through strategic and operational planning.
Disaster Management: Definition, Typology of disasters, major disasters in India
Disaster Management Cycle: Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management, Pre-Disaster – Risk Assessment and Analysis, Risk Mapping: Zonation and Microzonation, Prevention and Mitigation of Disasters, Early Warning System; Preparedness, Capacity Development; Awareness. During Disaster – Evacuation – Disaster Communication – Search and Rescue – Emergency Operation Centre – Incident Command System – Relief and Rehabilitation.
Post-disaster – Damage and Needs Assessment, Restoration of Critical Infrastructure – Early Recovery – Reconstruction and Redevelopment.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal
this presentation is to explain about disaster management considering how to prepare for emergencies..
the source of information is research work and internet
Disaster Management: Definition, Typology of disasters, major disasters in India
Disaster Management Cycle: Paradigm Shift in Disaster Management, Pre-Disaster – Risk Assessment and Analysis, Risk Mapping: Zonation and Microzonation, Prevention and Mitigation of Disasters, Early Warning System; Preparedness, Capacity Development; Awareness. During Disaster – Evacuation – Disaster Communication – Search and Rescue – Emergency Operation Centre – Incident Command System – Relief and Rehabilitation.
Post-disaster – Damage and Needs Assessment, Restoration of Critical Infrastructure – Early Recovery – Reconstruction and Redevelopment.
hey this is Vedika Agrawal
this presentation is to explain about disaster management considering how to prepare for emergencies..
the source of information is research work and internet
Measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are taken in the aftermath are known as Disaster Preparedness.
Empowering Resilience Through Effective Crisis ManagementI-Pix Technologies
In a world filled with uncertainties, empowering resilience through effective Emergency Response & Crisis Management is crucial. Explore the vital role these strategies play in preparing for and mitigating crises. Learn about key approaches, teamwork, and preparedness that enable communities and organizations to navigate challenging situations with confidence. Discover the tools and knowledge that foster a culture of resilience, ensuring you're ready to respond effectively when it matters most. Strengthen your ability to face adversity and emerge stronger. Join us in the journey towards a more resilient future.
Presentation by Ninil Jannah Lingkar Association: Disaster Risk Mitigation and Prevention for Science Teacher or Education, an Indonesia Experiences - NOSTRE Phillippine 2014, Iloilo City
HFA Monitoring and Review -Key Questions GuidanceSujit Mohanty
This is an audio guidance on the key questions and means of verification included in the 2009- 2011 Hyogo Framework for Action Monitoring and Review process
A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting to physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the natural environment
Disaster Risk Management is a broad range of activities (as opposed to disaster management) designed to prevent the loss of lives, minimize human suffering, inform the public and authorities of risk, minimize property damage and economic loss, and speed up the recovery process
The primary objective of this research is to develop a self-organizing communication model for disaster risk management. The model should be able to provide improved communication services between individuals (or groups) during disasters. The model should be able to offer reduced latency, interruptions, and failures in communication
Putting the community into Total Flood Warning SystemsNeil Dufty
Presentation to the 2018 Floodplain Management Australia National Conference held on the Gold Coast, Australia.
Abstract:
The lead guiding document for the development of the Total Flood Warning System (TFWS) in Australia is ‘Manual 21 – Flood Warning’ (Attorney-General’s Department, 2009). According to Manual 21, the TFWS consists of six components: Prediction; Interpretation; Message Construction; Communication; Response; and, Review.
In a review of these TFWS components in relation to the findings of previous social research and government inquiries into flood warning in Australia, Molino et al. (2011) identified a further six components of a TFWS: Understanding the Flood Risk; Emergency Management Planning; Community Flood Education; Data Collection; Community Participation in the TFWS; and, Integration of the TFWS Components.
The twelve components have since been tested in the assessment of existing warning systems and the development of TFWSs for several communities across Australia.
This paper provides a summary of the findings from these projects with a particular emphasis on the successes and challenges involving the more community-related TFWS components such as Understanding the Flood Risk, Community Flood Education and Community Participation. For example, the TFWS assessments found that:
• Up to 20% of people living in floodplains were unaware of their flood risk
• Community flood education tended to rely on the provision of information
• There was little community participation in flood warning systems.
The findings demonstrated the need to engage with communities about all twelve TFWS components and this paper concludes by explaining how this could be best done using tailored techniques.
Measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are taken in the aftermath are known as Disaster Preparedness.
Empowering Resilience Through Effective Crisis ManagementI-Pix Technologies
In a world filled with uncertainties, empowering resilience through effective Emergency Response & Crisis Management is crucial. Explore the vital role these strategies play in preparing for and mitigating crises. Learn about key approaches, teamwork, and preparedness that enable communities and organizations to navigate challenging situations with confidence. Discover the tools and knowledge that foster a culture of resilience, ensuring you're ready to respond effectively when it matters most. Strengthen your ability to face adversity and emerge stronger. Join us in the journey towards a more resilient future.
Presentation by Ninil Jannah Lingkar Association: Disaster Risk Mitigation and Prevention for Science Teacher or Education, an Indonesia Experiences - NOSTRE Phillippine 2014, Iloilo City
HFA Monitoring and Review -Key Questions GuidanceSujit Mohanty
This is an audio guidance on the key questions and means of verification included in the 2009- 2011 Hyogo Framework for Action Monitoring and Review process
A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard resulting to physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the natural environment
Disaster Risk Management is a broad range of activities (as opposed to disaster management) designed to prevent the loss of lives, minimize human suffering, inform the public and authorities of risk, minimize property damage and economic loss, and speed up the recovery process
The primary objective of this research is to develop a self-organizing communication model for disaster risk management. The model should be able to provide improved communication services between individuals (or groups) during disasters. The model should be able to offer reduced latency, interruptions, and failures in communication
Putting the community into Total Flood Warning SystemsNeil Dufty
Presentation to the 2018 Floodplain Management Australia National Conference held on the Gold Coast, Australia.
Abstract:
The lead guiding document for the development of the Total Flood Warning System (TFWS) in Australia is ‘Manual 21 – Flood Warning’ (Attorney-General’s Department, 2009). According to Manual 21, the TFWS consists of six components: Prediction; Interpretation; Message Construction; Communication; Response; and, Review.
In a review of these TFWS components in relation to the findings of previous social research and government inquiries into flood warning in Australia, Molino et al. (2011) identified a further six components of a TFWS: Understanding the Flood Risk; Emergency Management Planning; Community Flood Education; Data Collection; Community Participation in the TFWS; and, Integration of the TFWS Components.
The twelve components have since been tested in the assessment of existing warning systems and the development of TFWSs for several communities across Australia.
This paper provides a summary of the findings from these projects with a particular emphasis on the successes and challenges involving the more community-related TFWS components such as Understanding the Flood Risk, Community Flood Education and Community Participation. For example, the TFWS assessments found that:
• Up to 20% of people living in floodplains were unaware of their flood risk
• Community flood education tended to rely on the provision of information
• There was little community participation in flood warning systems.
The findings demonstrated the need to engage with communities about all twelve TFWS components and this paper concludes by explaining how this could be best done using tailored techniques.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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1. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Early Warning Early Action
The steps to make it happen
Mongolia, Early Action for Dzud, February 2018
2. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
• Important links to Preparedness for Effective
Response (PER)
• National and community early warning systems
• Forecast-based Financing as a mechanism for early
warning early action
• Strong engagement with national DRM and other
risk management strategies (including social
protection)
Session summary
Photo: Climate Centre / Denis Onyodi
3. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
What is an Early Warning System?
“An integrated system of hazard
monitoring, forecasting and
prediction, disaster risk
assessment, communication and
preparedness activities, systems
and processes that enables
individuals, communities,
governments, businesses and
others to take timely action to
reduce disaster risks in advance
of hazardous events.” (United
Nations)
4. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
What is an effective Early Warning System?
An effective Early Warning System should be:
• end-to-end
• people-centred
• and it should consider the nature of multiple
hazards occurring simultaneously, cascading
or cumulative over time.
Who should it reach?
Photo: Climate Centre / Denis Onyodi
5. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Components of an Early Warning System
• Risk knowledge
• Monitoring and warning systems
• Preparedness and response capacities
• Warning dissemination and communication
6. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
1. Risk knowledge
An effective EWS considers the dynamic nature of
hazards, vulnerabilities and exposure
within a specific location.
… some tools are designed to also identify
changing risk patterns:
• Secondary data review
• Seasonal calendar
• Community mapping:
• Spatial map
• Hazard/risk/vulnerability map
• Capacity and resource map
• Historical calendar
• Hazards/vulnerability/capacity matrix
See 'Enhanced Vulnerability
and Capacity Assessment'
online: www.ifrcvca.org
7. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Preparing from what happened in the past it is no
longer sufficient
When doing a risk analysis it is critical to look at the intersection of the effects
of this hazard with any long term change processes related to climate change.
1. Risk knowledge
8. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
2. Monitoring and warning services
Monitoring Scientific and traditional indicators is essential
for effective monitoring and warning systems
Philippines Red Cross Operations Centre, 2018
Questions to consider:
• Which are the best forecasts that can be used?
• Which are the indicators that should be monitored?
• Are the right indicators of the hazard being monitored?
• Should various indicators be monitored in parallel to be
able to issue a warning?
“National Hydro-Meteorological Services are
usually the only agency mandated officially to
issue warning messages”
9. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
3. Preparedness and response capacity
Timely Early Warning information is a key to activate effectively early
action and preparedness for response plans, this should be done at
national, regional, local and community level.
Questions to consider:
• Are Disaster Risk Management plans and
contingency plans regularly updated?
• Are roles and responsibilities clearly defined?
• Are the plans feasible and adaptable?
• Is there good institutional capacity to act early and
respond? (e. human, financial resources, skills)
• Are there coordination systems to facilitate
early actions and response?
• Are the most at risk and vulnerable communities
ready to act upon to the warning message? Togo Red Cross, 2017. Early Action plans activated
based on warning information
10. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
3. Preparedness and response capacity
Examples for Response Capacity
Togo Red Cross, 2017. Early Action
plans activated based on warning
information
Actions that
aim at prevent
and mitigate:
e.g.
vaccinations,
clearing
drainage, early
harvest,
evacuation.
Actions that aim
at prepare for
responding
effectively: e.g.
prepare evacuation
shelters, vehicles with
fuel, communications
systems ready
Actions to respond and recover
effectively: e.g. distribution of
shelter kits, hygiene items, food etc.
11. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
4. Warning dissemination and communication
A people-centred EWS ensures that those at risk receive early
warning information that is clear, understandable and
actionable in a timely manner.
Multiple channels of communication within reach of those at
risk should be used.
Questions to consider:
• Do warnings reach all those at risk and most
vulnerable?
• Are the risks and warnings understood?
• Is the warning information clear and useable?
• Is there enough time between the warning and the
disaster to take early actions?
• Is the warning reaching the most remote areas?
12. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Example communication longer term trends:
Heat Wave Awareness “Flash Mobs” in India
Photo: India Red Cross Society heatwave flash mob in Delhi, 2018
But note again “National
Hydro-Meteorological
Services are usually the only
agency mandated officially to
issue short term warning
messages”
4. Warning dissemination and communication
13. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Community Early Warning Systems
It may be appropriate for a National
Society to accompany a community
as they develop a Community Early
Warning System (C-EWS).
To support this work IFRC has
developed resources including
Community Early Warning Systems
Guiding Principles and a Training
Toolkit – Field Guide.
14. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
A Community Early Warning System (C-EWS) is:
"An effort by or with, but not for, a community
to systematically collect, compile and/or analyse information
that enables the dissemination of warning messages
that when actionable can help the community
(or others downstream) reduce harm or loss from a hazard
(or threat) event (or process).”
CEWS - Definition
Community Early Warning Systems
15. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
The IFRC has identified key principles to guide the design and
implementation of CEWS. Many of them have a climate related
dimension.
✓ Integrate with DRR
✓ Synergy across levels
✓ Multi-hazard EWS
✓ Include vulnerability
✓ EWS components with multiple functions
✓ Multiple timescales
✓ Multiple knowledge systems
✓ Evolving risk and rising uncertainty
✓ Full vulnerability and hazard-scape
✓ Appropriate technology
✓ Redundancy in indicators and communication channels
✓ Target and reach disadvantaged and vulnerable groups
CEWS - Guiding Principles
Photo: Pixtabay
Community Early Warning Systems
16. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Impressive examples: CEWS in Vanuatu and 7 Pacific countries
Community Early Warning Systems
17. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Photo: Danish Red Cross
.
This refers to the measures and
actions taken by a National Society to
prepare for, respond to, recover from
and reduce the effects of disasters
and crises.
Photo: Mozambique Red Cross, cyclone Idaï 2019
Preparedness for Effective Response (PER)
18. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Photo: Danish Red Cross
A National Society develops a strategic
work plan and implements key actions
to improve their response effectiveness.
The key areas for capacity
strengthening are:
What does it mean to be PER ready?
19. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
A mechanism that uses climate and weather forecasts and risk analysis to enable the timely
disbursement of funds to implement early actions before a potential disaster happens.
What is Forecast-based Financing?
20. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Moving from Early Action to Forecast based financing
“Early action is an investment
for the future. But this seems to
be a lesson that individuals,
donors, countries and some of
the ‘humanitarian community’
have yet to learn. There is still
too much resistance to
change…” World Disaster
Report 2009
2009
The German
Government supports
the IFRC to create the
first anticipatory
funding mechanisms
for Forecast-based
Action.
2018
2013
The German
Government supports
the first Forecast
based Finance pilots
in Uganda and Togo
21. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Example of Forecast-based Financing
Photo: Stefanie Lux/ German Red Cross
22. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
How can early warning early action support national systems:
Social Protection
What is Social Protection?
Set of policies and programs aimed
at preventing or protecting all
people against poverty,
vulnerability, and social exclusion
(for instance social safety nets:
cash transfers, cash for work)
E.g. In 2005, Ethiopia started the
Productive Safety Net Program, which has
reached 7.9 million people facing chronic
food insecurity. They receive food or cash
transfers either as direct assistance or in
return for community work.
23. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Social protection can serve as a platform
for early warning early action
Social protection programs can:
- Help better identify and target vulnerable people
- Enable rapid action, using existing structure to
channel support for early action, such as cash
transfers
- Support accountability to affected populations
SP programmes are already
involved in disaster response:
Brazil’s Bolsa Família provided in-
kind and cash benefits to 162,000
families in 279 municipalities, within 10
days of the 2011 floods, using its
registry of beneficiaries and
identification cards
24. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Social Protection and the Red Cross
The Hunger Safety Net Programme in Kenya
has been designed to scale up in advance of
climate shocks, such as drought.
In 2017, the Kenya Red Cross aligned its
emergency response to drought to maximize
coverage of affected people, collaborating
closely with the HSNP.
Photo: FSD Kenya - HSNP
25. Climate Training Kit. Module 2a: Early warning early action
Conclusions
- National Societies have a number of ways to incorporate
early warning early action into their strategic and operational
plans and programming.
- Different National Societies will have different
early warning early action entry points.
- These will depend on the climate and disaster risk context of
the country and the National Society capacity.
- IFRC and Climate Centre support National Societies with
identification of early warning early action entry points and with
the implementation steps.