1. 1
Laisamis Sub-County Food & Nutrition Security And Resilience
Enhancement Project (FONSAREP)
17th
-20th
May 2016
Early Warning Disaster Management training
Participants during the ERDM training for partners and committe
Implemented by

2. 2
Abbreviations
ADP Area Development Programme
ASAL Arid and Semi – Arid Lands
EMC Environmental Management Committee
CMC County Management Committee
CHC Community Health Committee
CHMT County Health Management Team
CHVs Community Health Volunteers
CMA Community Milk Assistants
CHE Community Health Extensions
DRM Disaster Risk Management
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
PLM Pregnant Lactating Mothers
CLDRR Child Led Disaster Risk Reduction
FONSAREP Food & Nutrition Security And Resilience Enhancement Project
DM Disaster Management
ERDM Early Response Disaster Management
EWEA Early Warning Early Action
FBO Faith Based Organisation
CBO Community Based Organisation

3. 3
The training was facilitated by:
Oyoko Omondi- National DRM Coordinator
Philip Ndekei- Program Officer
ERDM TRAINING FOR PARTNERS AND ERDM COMMITTEE
Introduction
The meeting was officially opened by Elijah Chiwe, Marabit AP manager, who
encouraged participants to take the workshop seriously and contribute to the
community concerning Disaster Management.
Early warning is a major element of disaster risk reduction. Early action can often
prevent a hazard turning into a human disaster by preventing loss of life and reducing
the economic and material impacts. To be effective and sustainable they must actively
involve the communities at risk.
Early warning systems can be set up to avoid or reduce the impact of hazards such as
floods, landslides, storms, and forest fires. The significance of an effective early
warning system lies in the recognition of its benefits by local people.
A 4 day, training on ERDM was done in Laisamis. Participants target groups who
attended included D.Os, ward administrators, ministry representatives, chiefs and sub
chiefs, DRR committee members, youth, Community Milk Assistants, CHWs. A total of
36 participants attended the training.
ACC 1 D.O Ward
administrato
rs
Chiefs
and
subchiefs
Ministry Youth DRR
committe
e
2 2 2 10 2 11 6
Asist County
Commission
er 1
Laisamis
Sub-county
Korr/Ngurn
it
Laisamis and
Loglogo
Merille,
Loglogo,
Laisamis,
Korr,
Ngurnit,
Ilaut,
Farakore
n,
Lontolio,
Kamboe,
Koya
Social
service,
livestock
departme
nt
CMAs
,
CHWs
,
CHE,

4. 4
DRR participants
list.xlsx
Goal of the ERDM training
Goal
This training is meant to increase the ability of WVK staff & Partners to facilitate Early
Response Disaster Management process community resilience
Objectives:
1. To have a common understanding of Disaster Risk Management and ERDM
terminologies, concepts, principles and practices of DRR
2. Draw lessons from the CMDRR process and conceptualize the relationship
between disaster and development
3. To developed understanding of facilitating and sustaining ERDM in a community
4. To demonstrate the use of selected tools in facilitating participatory disaster risk
assessment (hazard, capacity and vulnerability assessment) and participatory
planning, monitoring, evaluation and learning
5. To identify action points applicable in our (WVK) working areas
In pursuit of the foregoing, this training is designed to address, among others, the
following key issues:
1. Conceptualization skills to enable participants explain, compare and/or interrelate
key terminologies used in DRR/DM/ERDM
2. Ability to differentiate between hazard and disaster and elaborate on the
differences of disaster response management (DRM) and disaster risk reduction
(DRR)
3. Facilitation skills for a ERDM process and its importance in disaster risk reduction
Skills for Community Risk Assessment

5. 5
Group work
Terminologies used in Disaster management:
To enable appropriate understanding of the terminologies, the participants were tasked
to identify the terminologies they think of and how they are defined in their own words.
1. Mitigation
2. Risk
3. Response
4. Vulnerability- inability to resist a disaster
5. Capacity- resource available to fight a disaster
6. Resilience- ability to cope and come back after a disaster has happened
7. Hazard- indicators that has potential to cause injury of life or damage of
property
8. Disaster-
9. Emergency
10.Alert
11.Preparedness
12.Frequency-speed of occurance
13.Intensity-
14.Duration- time
15.Early warning- signs which is good or bad
Disaster related terminologies:
Hazard
Event or occurance that has a potential to cause loss of property, loss of life and
environment
Risk
Probability of likely of loss to be suffered when community are damaged or destroyed
by a disaster
Vulnerability
A condition or set of conditions that reduces people’s ability to withstand or respond to
a hazard
Capacity
Community tools and resources used to respond and mitigate an emergency situation

6. 6
Mitigation
Efforts initiated to significantly reduce or eliminate vulnerability to occurance of a threat
or effects of a disaster
Early warning
- The provision of timely and effective information through identified institution
- Institution must be credible
Preparedness
Activities and measures taken in advance to ensure effective response to the impacts of
hazard
Prevention
Activities to provide outright avoidance of the adverse impacts of hazards
Relief/Response
The provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster to
meet the life preservation and basic subsistence
Recovery
Decisions and actions taken after a disaster with a view to restoring or improving the
pre-disaster living disaster living conditions
Types of Disasters
1. Natural
-Floods
- Earth quakes
2. Human- induced disasters
-Transport accidents
-War/armed conflicts
-Arson
-Sabotage
-Industrial accidents
-Fires (Forest and Urban fires)
These are further classified into two:

7. 7
a. Slow-onset e.g. drought, HIV/AIDS
b. Rapid onset disasters e.g. Fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
3. Complex Humanitarian Emergency
Breakdown of social, political and economic systems examples:
- War e.g. Rwanda, Darfur-Sudan, Somalia
- Japan Tsunami 2012
- Post-election violence in Kenya 2007/2008
ERDM group discussion
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
WHAT IS DM?
- Is using policies, capacities to lessen the effects of a disaster
- Using activities , structural and non-structural to minimize effects of a disaster
- It should be timely and effective
DM CYCLE IN WV
6 Operational Dimensions:

8. 8
1. Early warning
2. Preparedness
3. Mitigation
4. Response
5. Rehabilitation (Recovery)
6. Transition
DISASTER MANANGEMENT CYCLE
1. MITIGATION/REDUCTION PHASE
- These are efforts made to either to prevent a disaster from occurring or lessen
impact.
2. PREPAREDNESS PHASE
- Involves awareness development among community on general aspects of
disaster
- Knowing how to react in the face of a disaster
Examples of Preparedness:
a. Training of communities and staff in order to strengthen capacity
3. RELIEF ASSISTANCE/RESPONSE PHASE
- Immediately follows disaster occurance
- Initial activities are life-saving- Search and Rescue, Search and Recovery
- Immediate needs of victims e.g. medical help, food, water, shelter
- Others are security, supplementary feeding
4. RECOVERY/REHABILITATION PHASE
- Simply means “Building Back” i.e. making sure communities are safer than pre-
disaster period
- Done when immediate needs of victims are met

9. 9
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Disaster preparedness planning depends on 3 key elements:
1. Knowledge of the situation- Problem Identification
2. Agreement about what is done- Action Plan
3. Technical and Resource capability to implement action plan (Capacity)
WHAT IS EW AND EA SYSTEM?
- Early Warning Systems (EWS) is a set of capacities needed to generate and
disseminate timely and meaningful warning that enables at risk individuals,
communities and organs to prepare and act appropriately
- The EWEA Project is a systems approach, with Regional Support, and Global
offices working together in support of national offices to take action.
•EMERGENCY•RECOVERY
•MITIGATION•PREPAREDNESS
Normal
County development
Contingency planning
Capacity (Development)
Infrastructure
Alert Stage
Stockpiling
Rehabilitation
(Boreholes)
Destocking
Animal and Human
Health
Response
Animal health
interventions
(vaccinations)
Emergency water supply
Supplementary foods
Restocking
Dams rehabilitation
Capacity building
Infrastructure
development
Food for work, cash for
work, cash for asset

10. 10
Goal of the EWEA Systems (WVI)
- Enhance early warning process to better mobilize partnership resources for early
action to manage threats to child well-being
Elements of Early Warning
1. Observation
- Detecting and developing hazard forecasts and warnings
2. Assessing
- The potential risks and integrating risk information in the warning messages
3. Dissemination of Information
- Use of communication and dissemination mechanisms e.g. phones, radios, TV’s
4. Preparedness and Early Response
Components of Early warning
Early warning- Translating EW to ED- Early Action (Global-Regional- National-
Local)
Skills needed for EWS
1. Data/Information collection (Monitoring)
2. Collating/Processing
3. Interpretation/Analysis
4. Dissemination (Information/Reports
Early warning Indicators
1. Stress indicators
- Change in consumption habit- diet change from high nutrient to low nutrient
- Seeking loans for grain or food items
- Unusual labor sales
- Unusual increase in the number of people failing to offset their debts
Late or outcome indicators
- Appearance of unusual amount of capital or production goods for sale
- Sale of utensils, farm equipment, productive livestock, movable items
- Farm land leasing/pledging or sale
- Increase in robbery
- Mass migration of people

11. 11
Linkage of EW with other Areas
- Proposal development/ER planning
- Preparedness works
- Mitigation works
- Prevention work
PLANNING CYCLE
Plan (Describe tasks) – Train (Learn tasks) - Exercise (Perform tasks) - Analyze
(Review performance of tasks)
DISASTER MANAGEMENT TRENDS IN KENYA
- In Kenya we are simply affected by Floods and drought
- Humanitarian situation in Kenya- Counties with high degree of vulnerable women
and children- Samburu, Marsabit, Narok, Kajiado etc.
- Inter-communal conflict- Wajir, Mandera.
Disasters and Impacts in Kenya
- 1.43 million people affected due to disasters every year in last 15 years
- US 12.1 billion lost due to the 2008-2011 drought in Kenya
- 3% of GDP lost due to droughts and droughts and floods alone
Buster tool
The ERDM and ERDM Committee were taken through the buster tool and they
understood it carefully. Practical sessions were interactive and they were exposed on
how to fill the tool.
Three ADPs were used as an example to help fill the Buster tool. These included Isiolo-
Oldo Nyiro, Golbo and Laisamis. Hazards identified by the team within Laisamis were
clearly filled in the tool and analyzed and compared to abstract data from other ADPs
for the purposes of learning.
Laisamis -EW Buster
3.0.xlsm

12. 12
Link between Development and Disasters
Development Realm/Disaster Realm
Positive
- Development can reduce vulnerability
- Disasters can create development opportunities
Negative
- Develop can increase vulnerability
- Disasters can set back development
Hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment
Discussions presentations were done on hazard, vulnerability and capacity assessment.
Among the hazards discussed affecting the community were food insecurity, conflict
and cholera outbreaks.
Hazard, Vulnerability
and Capacity Assessment Format.doc
Hazard, Vulnerability
and Capacity Assessment on Conflict.doc
Hazard, Vulnerability
and Capacity Assessment Cholera.doc
Hazard, Vulnerability
and Capacity Assessment Foood Insecurity.doc
Establishment of a practical plan of action was based on:
 Developing early warning systems that can be managed by local communities
and have long-term sustainability built into their design and operation
 Working with County and National government and other stakeholders to
promote policy and practice which prioritizes community approaches to
DRR/ERDM and the allocation of resources based on risk and ability to cope
 Demonstrating and promoting community-managed disaster mitigation, including
training and awareness raising on natural disasters and risk
 Building the capacity of communities to benefit from early warning systems, and
to integrate this knowledge into their livelihoods and wellbeing to reduce risk

13. 13
MARSABIT SOUTH (LAISAMIS) SUB-COUNTY DRM PLAN OF ACTION 2016
N
o.
ACTIVI
TY
(WHAT
NEEDS
TO BE
DONE)
HOW IT
WILL BE
DONE
WHERE IT
WILL BE
DONE
WHE
N
BY WHO RESOURCES
1 Debrief
to
Supervis
or
sharing
with
Commun
ity key
learnings
and PoA
One – one
or
Communit
y meeting
Office/Comm
unity
By
27th
May
2016
Trained
member
Supervisor
2 Create
awarene
ss on
DRM and
Prep and
response
to fellow
communi
ty
member
s
1-day
meeting /
workshop
at office
Office/Comm
unity
By
10th
June
2016
Trained
Teacher
Sub-County
Administrator/Commi
ssioner
3 Formulat
ion of a
revampe
d Sub-
County
DRM
Committ
ee
Stakehold
ers,
meetings
and
election of
committe
e (13-17)
Community By
8th
July
2016
Stakehold
ers
Sub-County
Administrator/Commi
ssioner and Key
Stakeholders e.g.
WVK, KRCS, PACIDA
-

14. 14
Conclusion
Skills and knowledge gained from the training will be cascaded down to the community
through organized trainings by the ToTs. Communities within Laisamis will appreciate
the opportunity to make decisions about how to avoid recurrent extreme losses as from
the hazards identified. There is need for a strong commitment to work differently, to
learn from experience and to ensure that past mistakes are not repeated.
Report written by:
Victor Kamadi Bill
Project Officer-Food Security
Laisamis ADP-Marsabit Cluster
World Vision Kenya